Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Over an 11-year period, autopsies were performed on 957 of 1038 nontraumatic deaths in the Emergency Department of the Central Hospital in Ferrara, Italy. Of these 957 cases, 732 (76.5%) met criteria for sudden death. In 100 (14%) of these cases, the death could be attributed to pulmonary embolism (55 cases), stroke (17), or rupture of aortic aneurysm (28). Acute myocardial infarction accounted for 403 (55%) of all sudden deaths. Severe coronary artery disease was found in 340 (84%) of these 403 deaths, with plaque fissuring or thrombi in 189 or 151 cases, respectively. Among the 229 sudden deaths for whom no immediate cause could be determined (31% of the total population), all had evidence of heart disease: 147 individuals had severe coronary artery disease, with plaque fissuring or thrombi found in 72 or 43, respectively. The remaining cases with no immediate cause of death had evidence of a cardiomyopathy (61) or valvular disease (21). We conclude that acute myocardial infarction accounts for the majority of cases of nontraumatic sudden death in our Emergency Department. Altogether, 84% of these patients had severe coronary artery disease. In approximately one-third of cases for whom no immediate cause of sudden death could be determined, all had evidence of heart disease, and about two-thirds had severe coronary artery disease.
 ...
PMID:Out-of-hospital sudden death referring to an emergency department. 869 5

The objectives were to determine levels of dental caries, plaque accumulation, gingival inflammation, knowledge of dental health practices, and oral bacterial loading of S. mutans, Lactobacillus sp., Candida sp., and salivary IgA in the mouths of children afflicted with severe congenital heart disease. A total of 60 children from the cardiac units of the Hospital for Sick Children and Guys Hospital Paediatric Department were compared with 60 case-matched control children from the Department of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, UMDS (Guys Dental School), London. Using the methodology of the World Health Organization, the decayed, missing and filled surfaces and teeth of primary (dmft) and permanent (DMFT) were compared. There were similar levels of caries in the cardiac (dmft 3.9 and DMFT 2.7) and the control (dmft 3.7 and DMFT 2.0). A significant difference was the proportion of untreated carious lesions in the cardiac group (52%) compared to the control group (32%; P < 0.001). Standard oral microbiological techniques were used to isolate S. mutans, Lactobacillus sp., Candida sp., and conventional methods for estimating salivary IgA. There was no difference between the cardiac and the control group. Children with severe congenital cardiac disease have moderately high levels of dental caries with a significantly greater amount of untreated disease. The high bacterial loading associated with high levels of bacterial dental plaque and gingivitis may put cardiac patients at unnecessary risk of developing bacterial endocarditis.
 ...
PMID:Dental disease, caries related microflora and salivary IgA of children with severe congenital cardiac disease: an epidemiological and oral microbial survey. 878 15

The apolipoprotein E genotype and cortical senile plaque (SP) and cortical and hippocampal neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) densities were determined in non-demented individuals and neuropathologically confirmed AD patients. The non-demented population was further subdivided according to presence or absence of pathologically established critical coronary artery disease (cCAD), hypertension (HyperT), or neither (non-heart disease; non-HD). The apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) allele incidence and dose frequencies were increased in the AD, cCAD and HyperT groups compared to the non-HD controls. The mean number of SP and NFT was significantly increased with the presence of the APOE4 allele within the entire population. After grouping the non-demented subjects according to cardiac status, SP but not NFT density was increased among those individuals with the APOE4 genotype. In HyperT, the increased density of SP also correlated to the APOE4 allele dose frequency. The density of SP and NFT was increased in all regions of AD brain compared to all other non-demented groups, but no significant difference was found between AD patients with or without an APOE4 allele. These two AD groups were age-matched, but could not be matched for disease duration. The data suggest a relationship between heart disease, APOE4 genotype and the presence of SP regardless of cognitive status.
 ...
PMID:Increased density of senile plaques (SP), but not neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), in non-demented individuals with the apolipoprotein E4 allele: comparison to confirmed Alzheimer's disease patients. 879 Dec 46

Transoesophageal echocardiography renders a better image than transthoracic echocardiography of cardiac changes especially at the atrial level, and of atherosclerotic changes in the aorta. Although several studies on stroke patients have included transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography, the relevance of the reported findings remains unclear because of limited information on the prevalence of cardiac changes related to cardioembolism in a control population without stroke. In order to define a non-hospitalized group of volunteers without previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack, we randomly selected a group of 68 volunteers (mean age 65.4 years). These volunteers were divided into two groups: the elderly group, 65 years or older (n = 38) and the younger group, younger than 65 years (n = 30). The subjects underwent transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography, sonography of the carotid arteries, and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. The prevalences of atrial septal aneurysm, patent foramen ovale, mitral annulus calcification, and protruding plaque in the aorta were investigated. We found atrial septal aneurysm in 13%, patent foramen ovale in 22%, protruding plaque in the aorta in 7%, and mitral annular calcification in 22% of the 68 subjects. No significant differences were found between the two age groups with the exception of mitral annular calcification, which was seen more often in the older group (P < 0.001). Total cardiac changes related to thromboembolism (including three cases with atrial fibrillation in the older group and other less common cardiac embolic sources) were more common in the older than in the younger group (23/38 vs 9/30; P < 0.05). If mitral annular calcification was excluded, no difference was found between the elderly and the younger group, 14/38 vs 8/30; ns. Even when subjects with a history of heart disease or a pathological ECG were omitted, no differences between the two age groups were found. The causal relationship between a possible embolic source and a clinical embolic event remains unsettled. The high prevalence of cardiac changes in a control population has to be considered when evaluating the significance of similar findings in patients with stroke.
 ...
PMID:Potential cardioembolic sources in an elderly population without stroke. A transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiographic study in randomly selected volunteers. 880 29

1,3-Butadiene (BD), a gas widely used in the rubber industry, is also present in automotive exhaust and in the vapor phase of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS; approximately 400 micrograms/cigarette). The threshold limit value (TLV) for BD which was 10 ppm, has now been reduced to 2 ppm. Extensive investigations of workers have identified very few statistically significant increases in BD-associated cancer mortality. However, two studies have reported increased BD-associated mortality from arteriosclerotic heart disease in black workers in the BD rubber industry. The cockerel is a sensitive animal model for studying effects of environmental agents on arteriosclerosis development. Previous studies showed that inhaled environmental levels of ETS significantly accelerate arteriosclerosis. Surprisingly, the carcinogen-rich tar fraction of ETS was ineffective. The elevated risk of death from arteriosclerotic heart disease in black BD workers and the high BD level in the vapor phase of ETS, raised the question of whether BD would accelerate arteriosclerosis in cockerels. Here, cockerels breathed either 20 ppm BD or filtered air (6 h/day, 80 days). Blinded measurements showed no differences between groups in plaque frequency or location. However, plaque sizes were significantly larger in BD-treated cockerels than in controls--results nearly identical to those reported earlier for ETS-exposed vs. air-exposed cockerels. This indicates that BD may contribute to the atherogenicity of ETS and provides experimental support for the recent reduction in the TLV for BD.
 ...
PMID:Butadiene inhalation accelerates arteriosclerotic plaque development in cockerels. 890 24

In addition to being the single greatest known environmental cause of cancer, cigarette smoke (CS) is also a major contributor to heart disease. We reported previously that 1) inhalation of either mainstream or sidestream CS promotes aortic arteriosclerotic plaque development; 2) 1,3 butadiene, a vapor-phase component of CS, promotes plaque development at 20 ppm, which at the time was only 2 times higher than the threshold limit value; and 3) individual tar fraction carcinogens in CS, including polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitrosamines, either do not promote plaque development or do so only at high concentrations. These results suggested that the tar fraction is not the primary source of plaque-promoting agents in CS. We asked whether repeated exposure to the tar fraction of CS, collected in a cold trap (TAR), promotes plaque development in an avian model of arteriosclerosis. Acetone extracts of mainstream CS tar from burning, unfiltered reference cigarettes were solubilized in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and injected weekly into cockerels for 16 weeks (25 mg/kg/week). Positive controls were injected weekly with the synthetic PAH carcinogen, 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) dissolved in DMSO and negative controls were injected with DMSO. Plaque location and prevalence did not differ from group to group. Morphometric analysis of plaque cross-sectional areas showed that plaque sizes, which are log-normally distributed, were significantly larger in the DMBA cockerels compared to both the TAR and DMSO groups. There were no significant differences in plaque size between DMSO and TAR cockerels. The results reported here, combined with other recent findings, support the conclusion that the primary arteriosclerotic plaque-promoting components of CS are in the vapor phase.
 ...
PMID:The tar fraction of cigarette smoke does not promote arteriosclerotic plaque development. 893 May 54

Several studies have shown that thrombosis and inflammation play an important role in the pathogenesis of Ischaemic Heart Disease (IHD). In particular, Tissue Factor (TF) is responsible for the thrombogenicity of the atherosclerotic plaque and plays a key role in triggering thrombin generation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the TF/Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor (TFPI) system in patients with IHD. We have studied 55 patients with IHD and not on heparin [18 with unstable angina (UA), 24 with effort angina (EA) and 13 with previous myocardial infarction (MI)] and 48 sex- and age-matched healthy volunteers, by measuring plasma levels of TF, TFPI, Prothrombin Fragment 1-2 (F1+2), and Thrombin Antithrombin Complexes (TAT). TF plasma levels in IHD patients (median 215.4 pg/ml; range 72.6 to 834.3 pg/ml) were significantly (p<0.001) higher than those found in control subjects (median 142.5 pg/ml; range 28.0-255.3 pg/ml). Similarly, TFPI plasma levels in IHD patients were significantly higher (median 129.0 ng/ml; range 30.3-316.8 ng/ml; p<0.001) than those found in control subjects (median 60.4 ng/ml; range 20.8-151.3 ng/ml). UA patients showed higher amounts of TF and TFPI plasma levels (TF median 255.6 pg/ml; range 148.8-834.3 pg/ml; TFPI median 137.7 ng/ml; range 38.3-316.8 ng/ml) than patients with EA (TF median 182.0 pg/ml; range 72.6-380.0 pg/ml; TFPI median 115.2 ng/ml; range 47.0-196.8 ng/ml) and MI (TF median 213.9 pg/ml; range 125.0 to 341.9 pg/ml; TFPI median 130.5 ng/ml; range 94.0-207.8 ng/ml). Similar levels of TF and TFPI were found in patients with mono- or bivasal coronary lesions. A positive correlation was observed between TF and TFPI plasma levels (r = 0.57, p<0.001). Excess thrombin formation in patients with IHD was documented by TAT (median 5.2 microg/l; range 1.7-21.0 microg/l) and F1+2 levels (median 1.4 nmol/l; range 0.6 to 6.2 nmol/l) both significantly higher (p<0.001) than those found in control subjects (TAT median 2.3 microg/l; range 1.4-4.2 microg/l; F1+2 median 0.7 nmol/l; range 0.3-1.3 nmol/l). As in other conditions associated with cell-mediated clotting activation (cancer and DIC), also in IHD high levels of circulating TF are present. Endothelial cells and monocytes are the possible common source of TF and TFPI. The blood clotting activation observed in these patients may be related to elevated TF circulating levels not sufficiently inhibited by the elevated TFPI plasma levels present.
 ...
PMID:Elevated tissue factor and tissue factor pathway inhibitor circulating levels in ischaemic heart disease patients. 953 Oct 29

The present investigation was performed on 100 patients, at the Cardiac Institute in Imbaba suffering from either rheumatic heart disease or congenital heart disease. In all the patients, the cardiac, dental and periodontal conditions as well as any other oral manifestations were evaluated. Bacterial samples of plaque and throat were taken in cases receiving long-acting penicillin. In most of the cases, the caries, plaque and periodontal indices were very high and in cases of congenital heart disease, there was atrophy of the tongue coating. The bacterial ecology of dental plaque changed in most of the patients taking long-acting penicillins with supervening Streptococcus viridans, E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The results stress on the importance of proper antibiotic prophylaxis before any dental intervention as well as through oral hygiene procedures.
 ...
PMID:Dental, oral and bacteriological aspects in patients at risk of subacute bacterial endocarditis. 958 19

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence, clinical significance, and embolic potential of thoracic aortic plaque in patients with cerebral ischemia and to further study the correlation of aortic plaque with carotid or heart disease. We used transesophageal echography (TEE) to evaluate potential source of emboli in aortic arch and heart, and duplex in carotid artery. A atherosclerotic lesion of aortic arch was defined as normal (0), mild plaque (1), moderate plaque (2) and protruding plaque or mobile plaque (3). 75 of 100 patients were found to have atherosclerotic lesion in aortic arch. 16 of 75 patients over degree 2 exhibited no pathologic finding of heart or carotid and 4 of 16 patients were classified as degree 3. The pathologic findings of heart and carotid were significantly correlated with aortic plaque. Age, diabetes, CAD were also significantly correlated with aortic plaque. Aortic atherosclerosis was common in cerebral ischemia. Aortic plaque might be responsible for not only some unexplained embolic events, but also for some of the embolic stroke in patient who have carotid artery or heart disease. Age, diabetes, CAD might be important risk factors in the development of atherosclerotic lesion in the aortic arch.
 ...
PMID:Aortic plaque as a potential cause for cerebral ischemia. 981 73

Ischemic cerebro-vascular events are in 15% of cases secondary to a cardiac embolus. The prevalence of echocardiographic anomalies, susceptible of being at the origin of a cerebral embolus may reach 50%. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is superior to transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in the detection of a thrombus of the left atrial appendage, spontaneous echocontrast, intra-aortic atherosclerotic plaque lesion, patent foramen ovale or an atrial septal aneurysm. The high prevalence of these anomalies in a population who presented an ischemic cerebrovascular accident does not suffice to establish a causal relationship between the anomaly and the cerebral event. Further studies seem to be necessary to establish the responsibility of these different anomalies and determine their embolic risk, by defining certain risk factors. Pending the results of such studies, TEE should be indicated more systematically in the case of an ischemic cerebrovascular accident of the young patient without a clinically evident cardiopathy, independently of the results of TTE.
 ...
PMID:[Value of transesophageal echocardiography in the diagnosis of peripheral embolic event]. 988 Sep 85


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>