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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Long before the era of heart surgery began, "cardiac psychoses" were known and described. They do not differ at all from postoperative psychoses after heart-surgery. On the other hand heart-surgery carries a far higher incidence of psychiatric complications than general surgery (general surgery 0,1--1,0%; heart surgery 10--60%). There is no reason to believe that the intensive care unit plays a decisive role in the origin of postoperative cardiac psychoses. Among 150 patients there were 60=40%, who did not show any psychiatric symptoms after surgery. These were exposed to the same environment of the intensive care unit as were the patients who developped symptoms. There were however correlations of statistical significance between "cardiac psychoses" and 1. an occurrence of endogenous psychoses in the family with first degree relatives or in the life history of the patient himself, 2 higher grade of severity of heart disease, 3. extra corporal circulation, 4. higher age, 5. male sex. Postoperative cardiac psychoses are mainly of the type of exogenous psychoses (akuter exogener Reaktionstyp Bonhoeffer). There is no doubt that psychological, reactive and environmental factors do play a certain role too. This is shown by the character of delusions and hallucinations which frequently reflect the postoperative situation. Persecutory delusions with the fear of being killed and ideas and fears of severe body mutilation are the most common motives. Similar motives are frequently observed in postoperative dreams. The manifestations of mental disease in the family or personal history of the patient is considered a significant presupposition of developing a cardiac psychosis of the type of endogenous depression, acute delirium or with schizophrenia like delusions.
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PMID:[Mental and neurological disorders associated with heart operations. Pre- and postoperative studies]. 126 55

Those of us with chronic Lyme disease are not at all confused, as suggested by Sigal and Hassett (2002). We know from years of experience that we have real, specific symptoms that are usually painful and disabling and include severe headaches, crippling arthritis, and heart palpitations, which lead to serious heart disease. Many of us know that our symptoms are kept in check while we are on antibiotics, but they painfully reappear when the antibiotics are withdrawn. Just because the medical community cannot detect a specific causative bacterium and managed health care companies want to maximize profits doesn't mean that those of us afflicted with this terrible condition are delusional and not truly benefiting from antibiotic treatment. We are not all crazy; we are sick and we should not be required to prove it to get medical care.
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PMID:Chronic Lyme disease: it's not all in our heads. 1219 94

Delusional infestation is an aspecific psychiatric condition manifested either as a primary psychotic disorder or a secondary disorder induced by a wide range of very different medical conditions. Both primary and secondary delusional infestations seem to respond to typical and atypical antipsychotics. The latter are considered the first-line treatment although the use of second-generation antipsychotics featuring a higher metabolic, cardiovascular, and renal tolerability is preferable in secondary cases, which often occur in patients with multiple, severe medical conditions. We report a case of a 72-year-old patient affected by delusional infestation associated with severe renal failure, metabolic syndrome, hypertensive cardiopathy, and chronic cerebrovascular disease.
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PMID:Delusional infestation in a patient with renal failure, metabolic syndrome, and chronic cerebrovascular disease treated with aripiprazole: a case report. 2217 18

Schizophrenia is characterised by hallucinations, delusions, depression-like so-called negative symptoms, cognitive dysfunction, impaired neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration. Epidemiological and genetic studies strongly indicate a role of inflammation and immunity in the pathogenesis of symptoms of schizophrenia. Evidence accrued over the last two decades has demonstrated that there are a number of pathways through which systemic inflammation can exert profound influence on the brain leading to changes in mood, cognition and behaviour. The peripheral immune system-to-brain communication pathways have been studied extensively in the context of depression where inflammatory cytokines are thought to play a key role. In this review, we highlight novel evidence suggesting an important role of peripheral immune-to-brain communication pathways in schizophrenia. We discuss recent population-based longitudinal studies that report an association between elevated levels of circulating inflammatory cytokines and subsequent risk of psychosis. We discuss emerging evidence indicating potentially important role of blood-brain barrier endothelial cells in peripheral immune-to-brain communication, which may be also relevant for schizophrenia. Drawing on clinical and preclinical studies, we discuss whether immune-mediated mechanisms could help to explain some of the clinical and pathophysiological features of schizophrenia. We discuss implication of these findings for approaches to diagnosis, treatment and research in future. Finally, pointing towards links with early-life adversity, we consider whether persistent low-grade activation of the innate immune response, as a result of impaired foetal or childhood development, could be a common mechanism underlying the high comorbidity between certain neuropsychiatric and physical illnesses, such as schizophrenia, depression, heart disease and type-two diabetes.
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PMID:Is there a role for immune-to-brain communication in schizophrenia? 2603 44