Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

As the less developed countries develop economically, their populations will increasingly adopt many lifestyle traits of Western society commonly understood to be causally linked factors in non-communicable diseases. The expected increase in the incidence and prevalence of non-communicable disease has major implications for health care resource demands and the distribution of available resources; resources will be diverted away from lower income groups. Problems of excess and those associated with development need to be addressed. The author considers changes in lifestyle and nutritional factors which affect individual health and development with regard to heart disease and diabetes, and discusses research reports, including the issue of fat intake taken up in a FAO/World Health Organization report. The implications of early malnutrition and environmental factors upon human health and well-being are considered, with a reminder to address the difficult questions of preventing protein-energy malnutrition, to view child and adult problems as population problems, and to develop and implement holistic solutions.
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PMID:Prevention and the role of nutrition. 1232 83

The health status of Australia's indigenous people remains the worst of any subgroup within the population, and there is little evidence of any significant improvement over the past two decades, a situation unprecedented on a world scale. Compared with non-indigenous Australians, adult life expectancy is reduced by 15-20 years, with twice the rates of mortality from heart disease, 17 times the death rate from diabetes and 10 times the deaths from pneumonia. Despite improvements in perinatal mortality, they continue to represent a major cause of death, with infant deaths up to 2.5 times higher than the general population. The problems of educational disadvantage and unemployment are reflected in twice the rates of smoking and high obesity levels. Seven percent of indigenous families are homeless, with many more in inadequate and overcrowded housing, sometimes lacking water or sewerage. Economic disadvantage is real: 23% worry about going without food. Nutritional deficiencies in children have resulted in failure to thrive, contributing greatly to the problems of pneumonia and infectious diseases. The remoteness and isolation of many Aboriginal communities limit education and employment opportunities. It is important to consider the historical context of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, in order to gain an understanding of current health problems. The impact of past policies and practices and the 'introduced diet' are reflected in the poor health outcomes described above. This session will explore some of the underlying historical, cultural, structural and political factors that can be linked to the current problems.
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PMID:Acculturation: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander nutrition. 1249 50

As we move into the new century, we continue to focus on ways to prevent disease, promote health, and prolong life. We have made enormous strides in some arenas, including deaths from infectious diseases caused by mass immunization, improved sanitation, better nutrition, heart disease caused by risk factor modification, and some cancers caused by smoking cessation and screening for early detection. Although we have made progress, many challenges remain.
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PMID:Prevention in the year 2002: some news, some issues. 1252 6

During normal ageing, the gradual loss of telomeric DNA in dividing somatic cells can contribute to replicative senescence, apoptosis, or neoplastic transformation. In the genetic disorder dyskeratosis congenita, telomere shortening is accelerated, and patients have premature onset of many age-related diseases and early death. We aimed to assess an association between telomere length and mortality in 143 normal unrelated individuals over the age of 60 years. Those with shorter telomeres in blood DNA had poorer survival, attributable in part to a 3.18-fold higher mortality rate from heart disease (95% CI 1(.)36-7.45, p=0.0079), and an 8.54-fold higher mortality rate from infectious disease (1.52-47.9, p=0.015). These results lend support to the hypothesis that telomere shortening in human beings contributes to mortality in many age-related diseases.
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PMID:Association between telomere length in blood and mortality in people aged 60 years or older. 1268 62

This study addresses the Institute of Medicine's recommendation that AHRQ use MEPS data to identify a set of priority conditions to inform efforts at improving quality of care. Using MEPS data we identify the fifteen most expensive conditions in the U.S. in 1997: chronic diseases such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes, and acute conditions such as trauma, pneumonia, and infectious disease. Comorbidities were also associated with increased expenses. Type-of-service and source-of-payment distributions varied considerably across this set of conditions. Our findings highlight some of the challenges likely to be encountered in efforts to reform the current system.
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PMID:Spending and service use among people with the fifteen most costly medical conditions, 1997. 1267 16

Early life events have important short- and long-term consequences. It is clear from previous studies that birthweight is associated with infant mortality and with childhood and adult morbidities. However, few studies have focused on the relationship between birthweight and childhood mortality. To assess this relationship, we conducted a population-based case-control study of children born during 1968-96 in Washington state. Cases consisted of 6247 children who died at 1-19 years of age. A total of 31 074 controls were matched five to one to cases by birth year. Compared with children with a birthweight of 3000-3499 g, children with lower birthweights had a greater risk of childhood mortality. These lower birthweight children had increased risks of childhood deaths from infectious diseases, congenital anomalies, central nervous system diseases and heart disease, but not of deaths resulting from accidents, cancer, suicide or homicide. The magnitude of these risks differed somewhat by age. Our results suggest that birthweight exerts important influences on children's risk of age-specific and cause-specific mortalities, particularly those with a strong biological component.
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PMID:Birthweight and risk of overall and cause-specific childhood mortality. 1267 83

Candida albicans endocarditis occurs mostly in patients with congenital heart disease; open heart surgery is the greatest predisposing factor. We report on a child with truncus arteriosus communis and a large Candida vegetation within the prosthetic pulmonary valve, causing severe right ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Treatment was performed successfully by surgery and administration of liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) and 5-flucytosine.
Infection 2003 Mar
PMID:Treatment of Candida albicans endocarditis: case report and a review. 1268 21

Chagas' disease, caused by infection with Trypanosoma cruzi, is a major cause of cardiomyopathy in endemic regions. Infection leads to cardiac remodeling associated with congestive heart failure and dilated cardiomyopathy. In order to study the changes in the gene expression profile due to infection, C57BL/6 x 129sv male mice were infected with 1 x 10(3) trypomastigotes of the Brazil strain of T. cruzi. Histopathological examination of the myocardium revealed chronic inflammation, vasculitis and fibrosis 100 days post-infection. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging revealed a significantly dilated heart compared with uninfected mice. The relative abundance or depletion of myocardial mRNAs was evaluated using high-density microarrays consisting of 27,400 mouse cDNAs, which were hybridized with fluorescent probes generated from mRNAs of T. cruzi infected and uninfected hearts. Differentially expressed genes were sorted according to their normalized expression patterns and functional groups including those involved in transcription, intracellular transport, structure/junction/adhesion or extracellular matrix, signaling, host defense, energetics, metabolism, cell shape and death. The regulated genes are interpreted in the pathogenesis of chagasic heart disease.
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PMID:Microarray analysis of changes in gene expression in a murine model of chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy. 1291 Apr 13

Trypanosoma cruzi is the protozoan parasite that causes Chagas' heart disease, a potentially fatal cardiomyopathy prevalent in Central and South America. Infection with T. cruzi induces cardiac myosin autoimmunity in susceptible humans and mice, and this autoimmunity has been suggested to contribute to cardiac inflammation. To address how T. cruzi induces cardiac myosin autoimmunity, we investigated whether immunity to T. cruzi antigens could induce cardiac myosin-specific autoimmunity in the absence of live parasites. We immunized A/J mice with a T. cruzi Brazil-derived protein extract emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant and found that these mice developed cardiac myosin-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and autoantibodies in the absence of detectable cardiac damage. The induction of autoimmunity was specific since immunization with extracts of the related protozoan parasite Leishmania amazonensis did not induce myosin autoimmunity. The immunogenetic makeup of the host was important for this response, since C57BL/6 mice did not develop cardiac myosin DTH upon immunization with T. cruzi extract. Perhaps more interesting, mice immunized with cardiac myosin developed T. cruzi-specific DTH and antibodies. This DTH was also antigen specific, since immunization with skeletal myosin and myoglobin did not induce T. cruzi-specific immunity. These results suggest that immunization with cardiac myosin or T. cruzi antigen can induce specific, bidirectionally cross-reactive immune responses in the absence of detectable cardiac damage.
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PMID:A cardiac myosin-specific autoimmune response is induced by immunization with Trypanosoma cruzi proteins. 1515 47

Environmental contaminants with estrogenic properties have the potential to alter pubertal development. In addition to the reproductive system, other systems that mature under the influence of estrogen could be affected. This study examined the effect on immune, hematologic, and bone mass parameters of treatment with estrogenic agents (methoxychlor, MXC, 25 and 50 mg/kg/day; diethylstilbestrol, DES, 0.5 mg/kg/day) given in the peripubertal period to female rhesus monkeys. DES had striking effects on several parameters assessed measures CBC and clinical chemistry including hematocrit, hemoglobin, serum albumin, liver transaminases, and lipids. Circulating lymphocytes, particularly B cells, were depressed by DES, and a maturational shift in a memory T-cell population was altered. Bone mass and length, as measured after a 9-month recovery period, were significantly lower in the DES group and bone mass tended to be reduced in the femur of the MXC50 group relative to controls. In conclusion, the data indicate that DES had a clear effect on immunohematology and bone growth, while MXC influenced fewer parameters. Disruption in these systems during puberty could alter adolescent risk for anemia and infectious disease and subsequent adult risk for diseases such as osteoporosis, heart disease, and autoimmune disease.
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PMID:Endocrine disruption in adolescence: immunologic, hematologic, and bone effects in monkeys. 1545 17


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