Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The dramatic increase in Asian Pacific Americans has created a different set of social, economic and health issues for the country as well as for this state. Asian Pacific Americans are extremely heterogeneous and bipolar in socioeconomic status and health issues. Asian Pacific Islander Americans come from over 43 countries and speak over 100 languages and dialects. This study reveals that in this state, 23% of Asian Pacific American households are linguistically isolated. Almost 20% of Asian Pacific American families (married couples with children under 5 years old) have an income below the poverty line. The need for severe mental health service is four times higher for southeast Asian refugees than the overall population. The death rates from communicable disease and suicide are lowest for Asian Pacific Americans, and for Asian Pacific Americans, the age-adjusted death rates are widely different. For example, people with Hawaiian background appear to have a high incidence of death from heart disease (363.3 per 100,000) whereas Chinese experienced a higher incidence of death from cancer (70.2 per 100,000). The Asian Pacific Americans have the lowest infant mortality rate. This paper suggests that providers, educators and legislators should pay more attention to Asian Pacific American communities regarding socioeconomic and health care needs to create a healthy and productive community.
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PMID:Health status of Asian Pacific Americans in Missouri. 855 28

Data was compiled from a wide variety sources in order to construct a demographic profile of elderly women in Latin America. Data was organized into a cross-classification matrix based on three age groups (midlife, young old, and old old) and three country types (highly rural, mixed, and highly urban). The macro-level overview takes into account such factors as education, family structure, and employment. Smaller reports and research project reports of micro conditions are used to help explain the macro trends. Women older than 40 represented 9-20% of the population of the region (of 21 Latin American and Caribbean countries). 6-14% of midlife women were widowed, with the highest concentrations in urban countries. Widows and single women comprised about 20-35% of midlife women and 50-65% of older women. Female household headship increased with age from 9-23% in midlife to 24-41% among women 60 years and older. In all countries with the exception of Uruguay, women had less primary schooling than men. Women's salaried employment in the formal sector decreased rapidly with increasing age. For example, in highly urban countries the range of employment was from 34% of women in midlife to only 4% among women 65 years and older. Women were working, but often in the informal sector or as prostitutes or beggars. Women's health conditions included 12-37% with chronic anemia and many with signs of premature aging (early onset of diabetes, hypertension, and osteoarthritic joint changes). Depression among older women may have been as high as 40%. The strain of maintaining a double work load of child care and housekeeping and employment is unmeasured. Regardless of the level of development, older women suffered primarily from heart disease. Breast cancer was more common in urban countries. Highly rural or mixed countries had greater incidence of cervical cancer. Chronic liver disease was appearing in some countries. In highly rural countries infectious diseases and malnutrition still contributed significantly to causes of death. Most women did not have social security coverage. Evidence points to women's remarkable responses (creativity, initiative, and persistence) to fulfilling survival needs.
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PMID:Older women in Latin America: the health and socioeconomic situation of this important subgroup. 857 13

Cultured human myocardial fibroblasts of pediatric origin seem to be a useful species-specific model for studying various heart diseases which involve the myocardial interstitium, for example enterovirus heart disease. Cells were propagated from small samples of human ventricular tissues (0.2 g) obtained from standard surgical procedure for the correction of Fallot-tetralogy. Cultured cells exhibited typical fibroblastoid morphology over a period of 4 months and were uniformly immunoreactive with a monoclonal antibody directed against prolyl-4-hydroxylase, a marker enzyme of fibroblasts. Infection of cell cultures with coxsackievirus B3, a cardiotropic enterovirus, resulted in a typical carrier-state type of virus persistence. Average virus titers of 2.3 x 10(5) plaque-forming units/ml (SD = 9.9 x 10(4)) were maintained over a period of up to 10 weeks by productive infection of about 8-10% of the cell population. Coxsackievirus B3 carrier cultures of human myocardial fibroblasts were used to evaluate in vitro the long-term antiviral effects of recombinant interferon alpha-2a and natural human interferon-alpha. Recombinant interferon-alpha reduced virus yields by 90% with a concentration of 423 IU/ml, whereas with natural interferon-alpha a 90% reduction of virus yields was achieved with concentrations as low as 21 IU/ml. Antiviral effects of both recombinant and natural interferon-alpha were highly specific and not related to inhibition of cell-proliferation (< 50% with interferon-alpha concentrations as high as 6250 IU/ml). Since effective concentrations of interferon-alpha can be easily attained in vivo with subcutaneous application, interferon-alpha (in particular: natural interferon-alpha) may become useful in the treatment of patients with enterovirus myocarditis and enterovirus induced dilated cardiomyopathy.
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PMID:Cultured human myocardial fibroblasts of pediatric origin: natural human interferon-alpha is more effective than recombinant interferon-alpha 2a in carrier-state coxsackievirus B3 replication. 857 36

Over the past 324 years, Charleston, South Carolina, has triumphed over rampant infectious disease only to be overcome by more modern plagues: heart disease, neoplasia, homicide, and suicide. Examination of death records of the state of South Carolina, Charleston City, and Charleston County provides us with a glimpse of the medical challenges of our recent past; it also reminds us of the scourges that still ravage underdeveloped countries. The 18th- and 19th-century South Carolinians were besieged by tuberculosis, diarrhea, and a myriad of fevers. These diseases, though prevalent in other parts of the world, result in limited mortality in the 20th-century United States. A review of the historic trends in mortality in Charleston is presented; current significant causes of death, with emphasis on recent trends in homicide, are also discussed.
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PMID:Death in Charleston, South Carolina. A retrospective. 859 45

We have surveyed a population size of 6633315 from Diseases Surveillance Points (DSP) system in Gansu province for the last eleven years. The annual birth rate was 18.20% with an annual standard mortality rate 545.80/10(5). The annual standard mortality for male and female were 607.53/10(5) and 483.29/10(5) respectively. The major causes of death were Respiratory system diseases, Cardiovascular diseases, Neoplasms, Injuries, Digestive system diseases, Pediatric diseases, Infectious diseases in sequence. In eleven years, there seemed to be a rising trend in the mortalities of following diseases as: Cerebrovascular diseases, Ischemic heart diseases, Rheumatic fever and heart disease, Lung Cancer, Liver Cancer, Cancer of the Esophagus, Intestinal cancer, Cervical cancer, Injury, Congenital abnomalities, to different degrees. However, an obvious descending trend on the morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases was moticed. The average life expectancy was 71.05 years in DSP, with male 69.57 years, and female 72.72 years. Diseases with higher PYLL were Injuries, Neoplasms, Respiratory system diseases and the like. Data suggested not only the prevention andcontrol of infectious diseases, but also the surveillance of injuries and the prevention and control of chronic diseases should be strengthened.
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PMID:[Analysis on the health status of residents from Diseases Surveillance Points in Gansu Province]. 872 58

The bacteriology for 21 patients with brain abscesses is presented and correlated with their predisposing conditions. Chronic otomastoiditis was the most common predisposing factor, and the overall most frequent infected sites were the frontal and temporal regions. Gram-negative non-sporeforming anaerobes of the genus Bacteroides and Fusobacterlum followed by aerobic streptococci were the predominant pathogens. Enterobacteria were only identified in postcraniotomy abscesses, while a substantial number of fastidious species was detected in suppurations related to congenital heart disease. Altogether, anaerobes alone were recovered in seven patients, aerobes alone in six, and mixed aerobes and anaerobes in four patients. These findings confirm the predominant role of anaerobes in the etiology of intracranial suppurations.
Infection
PMID:Etiological agents and predisposing factors of intracranial abscesses in a Greek university hospital. 874 Jan 8

Infection with Trypanosoma cruzi develops in three phases: acute, indeterminate or asymptomatic, and chronic phase (with cardiac or digestive manifestations). Moreover, transmission may occur from infected mothers to newborn, the so-called congenital form. In the present study, humoral responses against T. cruzi total extract and against the 13 amino acid peptide named R-13 derived from the parasite ribosomal P protein, previously described as a possible marker of chronic Chagas heart disease, were determined in chagasic patients and in blood bank donors from endemic areas. While in sera from acute phase, only IgM anti-T.cruzi response was observed, both IgM and IgG anti-T. cruzi antibodies were detected in sera from congenitally infected newborns. The percentage of positive response in sera from blood bank donors was relatively high in endemic regions. Antibodies against the R-13 peptide were present in a large proportion of cardiac chagasic patients but were totally lacking in patients with digestive form of Chagas' disease. Furthermore, anti-R-13 positive responses were detected in congenitally infected newborns.
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PMID:Prevalence of anti-R-13 antibodies in human Trypanosoma cruzi infection. 874 8

Rapid economic growth in Taiwan is accompanied by changing lifestyles, and the mortality pattern has switched from predominantly infectious diseases to chronic diseases. Age-adjusted mortality from heart disease has increased slowly but steadily. However, mortality from heart disease in Taiwan remains low compared with many other countries. Mortality from the cerebrovascular diseases has decreased gradually. Current age- and sex-specific values of blood cholesterol low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) are, in general, higher than values in mainland China, but lower than those in the NHANES III and PROCAM studies. From 1950 to 1987, percent dietary fat increased from 16% to 36% in Taiwan. However, a high polyunsaturated fat/saturated fat (P/S) ratio (1.3) maintained during this period may in part explain the favorable blood lipid status and low mortality from heart disease. Data from prospective studies are scarce. In case-control studies carried out in Chinese, significantly higher values of TG, CHOL LDL-C, but lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels have often been found in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients than in controls. The percent differences in TG and HDL-C values (20%) were much greater than those of CHOL and LDL-C (3%). A few studies have identified the TG level as an independent risk factor for stroke and CAD in Taiwan, where a moderate to high fat diet with an advantageous P/S ratio is consumed.
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PMID:Plasma lipid profiles and epidemiology of atherosclerotic diseases in Taiwan--a unique experience. 877 Mar 22

The present article provides an overview of epidemiological studies in Japan. The origin of modern epidemiology of Japan can be traced back into the late 19th century. Baron K. Takaki at that time made brilliant epidemiological studies on beriberi and was thus able to eradicate the disease long before vitamin B1 deficiency was identified as the cause of the disease. Epidemiological studies really began to flourish in Japan after the end of World War II. Since the most of infectious diseases have been controlled, epidemiological studies on cancer, heart disease, stroke, and other chronic diseases have become the main target of investigations. It may be cautioned that, among infectious diseases, tuberculosis is still a serious health problem today and HIV infection has become a threatening health issue although the number of AIDS patients reported was still about 1,000 for the whole country in 1995. In contrast to other industrialized countries, heart disease is far less common in Japan, probably reflecting still not-too-rich diet among Japanese. There are a number of unique or unusual epidemiological studies in Japan, including a long-term surveillance of those who were exposed to A-bomb irradiation in 1945. Readers are encouraged to refer to detailed description of each, specific topic presented in this volume. Essential vital statistics are also presented as background information of epidemiological studies in Japan.
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PMID:Epidemiological studies in Japan. 880 Feb 69

Q fever is an important zoonosis caused by the rickettsial organism Coxiella burnetii, which can result in life threatening illness, especially in those with an underlying cardiac defect. C. burnetii infections in England and Wales reported to the PHLS Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre between 1984 and 1994 were reviewed. A total of 1117 cases were reported, a third of which came from the South Western region. The annual totals fell over this period. The mean age of cases was 45 years, and 74% were men. Reports peaked in the month of May. Contact with animals, mainly cattle and sheep, was reported in 60 cases. Occupationally acquired infection was reported for 24 cases including abattoir workers, farmers, veterinary surgeons, hide handlers, and butchers. Forty-seven per cent of cases presented with respiratory symptoms, 7% with heart disease, and 5% with hepatitis. Seven per cent of cases reported travel abroad before becoming ill. Joint veterinary and medical investigations should be undertaken to establish the natural history of C. burnetii infection in England and Wales and formulate policies to prevent acute and chronic infections.
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PMID:Epidemiological features of Coxiella burnetii infection in England and Wales: 1984 to 1994. 881 Jan 19


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