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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A variety of DNA markers for apolipoprotein genes were examined among patients with angiocardiographically proven heart disease and among a variety of normal individuals with various lipid values. An increased frequency of an apoAI-CIII SstI RFLP and an apoB minisatellite (allele 5) was found among patients with CHD. Higher levels of cholesterol were found among carriers of the rare apoB TaqI and the common apoCII TaqI variants, whereas higher levels of triglycerides were found in carriers of the common apoAII MspI and the rare apoB XbaI variants. Lower levels of HDL were found among carriers of the common apoAII MspI and the rare apoB PvuII variants. The biological significance of these results and those of other investigators for the pathogenesis of CHD and hyperlipidemia is suggestive but not yet fully clarified. Additional genetic epidemiologic studies and family investigations will be required. Currently used statistical methodology may lead to false inferences regarding the genetic equilibrium or disequilibrium status of closely linked DNA variants. Conclusions regarding the presence of genetic equilibrium if closely linked flanking markers are in disequilibrium may be faulty.
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 1986
PMID:Molecular genetics of apolipoproteins and coronary heart disease. 288 66

Airway reactivity is associated with rapid decline in pulmonary function with age or packyears of smoking in otherwise normal subjects. Because heterozygotes for cystic fibrosis (CFHZ) have a higher prevalence of airway reactivity than do controls, we tested the hypothesis that CFHZ have a more rapid decline in pulmonary function with age or packyears of smoking than do controls. We performed spirometry on 280 parents of children with CF and 280 age-matched control parents of children with heart disease. The ALA-DLD-78 questionnaire was also administered to these volunteers. Although the CF parents report wheezing apart from a cold more frequently than control parents, they show no greater decline of pulmonary function (FEV1, FEF25-75%, or FEV1/ht3) with age or packyears of smoking than do controls. The complaint of wheezing apart from a cold contributes significantly to the variance of FEV1 and FEF25-75% even when the effects of height, age, packyears of smoking, sex, and CF heterozygosity are controlled. The hypothesis that obligate heterozygotes for CF have increased age- or smoking-related decline in airflow is not supported by these data. Instead, the results suggest that any pulmonary function abnormalities associated with CF heterozygosity are small and not clinically significant and that CF heterozygosity per se is not a major risk factor for development and progression of obstructive airways disease.
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PMID:Pulmonary function in obligate heterozygotes for cystic fibrosis. 319 30

4 groups of women participated in this study designed to investigate the interaction of oral contraceptive (OC) use and smoking on cardiovascular reactivity to 2 stressors -- cognitive and physical. The 4 groups were: smokers/non OC users; nonsmokers/OC users; smokers/OC users; and nonsmokers/non OC users (control). The role of Type A behavior and parental history of heart disease as moderator variables in the stress-reactivity relationship also was examined. The subjects, 69 female psychology students, ranged in age from 17-31 years. It was hypothesized that women characterized by smoking and/or OC use would show greater stress reactivity. All subjects responded in the same manner to the cold pressor test, but OC use among smokers was associated with greater increase in systolic blood pressure responses to mental arithmetic when compared to smokers/non OC users. For mental arithmetic, a marginally significant main effect suggested that OC users tended to respond with larger increases in systolic blood pressure than nonOC users. A significant 2-way interaction between OC use and smoking indicated that smokers/OC users responded with greater increases in systolic blood pressure to mental arithmetic than smokers/nonOC users. The means of the remaining groups did not differ. No significant findings emerged for diastolic blood pressure and heart rate changes to mental arithmetic. The mean increase across all 4 groups to the mental arithmetic task was 13.81 for systolic blood pressure, 12.06 for for diastolic blood pressure, and 11.96 for heart rate. In sum, the study findings fail to indicate any differences in cardiovascular reactivity among smokers and OC users to the cold pressor test. The findings do suggest OC use among smokers is associated with increased systolic blood pressure responses to mental arithmetic when compared to smokers/non OC users.
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PMID:The effects of cognitive and physical stress on cardiovascular reactivity among smokers and oral contraceptive users. 339 3

Short-term relations (under five years) between national unemployment and cause-specific mortality rates have been found in several industrialized countries in Europe and North America including the United States and, separately, Scotland and England/Wales. Long-term cumulative relations (at least a decade) have been found between national unemployment and age-adjusted mortality rates for eight countries including England/Wales. In this article it is demonstrated that, controlling for the significant effects of per capita cigarette, spirits, and fat consumption, and cold winter temperatures, there is in Scotland a significant long-term relation (at least a decade) between cumulative change in unemployment rates and mortality rates-for all causes, for total heart disease, and in particular for ischemic heart disease. Also, the exponential trend in real per capita income is related to mortality declines. Other writers have encountered difficulty in measuring this long-term relation between unemployment and cause-specific mortality in Scotland in the absence of controls for at least alcohol and tobacco consumption per capita.
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PMID:Economic instability, unemployment rates, behavioral risks, and mortality rates in Scotland, 1952-1983. 362 77

Eleven type-I (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with abnormal changes in left ventricular function in response to cold stress (CS) were investigated to try and determine the cause of these abnormal responses. Resting M-mode echocardiography demonstrated that all 11 patients had normal left ventricular dimensions and wall motion, thereby excluding overt cardiomyopathy. Thallium-201 scintigraphy was used to assess myocardial perfusion during CS and eight patients were found to have perfusion defects during stress which persisted in four. It is possible that CS unmasks evidence of myocardial ischemia but it is also possible that the abnormal responses to CS reflect altered vasomotor reactivity in the diabetic patient, producing coronary spasm. Left ventricular function may be influenced by many factors in diabetes and an abnormal CS test may not necessarily indicate structural disease. Such tests, however, may help in the further understanding of the pathophysiology of heart disease in diabetes.
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PMID:Assessment of myocardial perfusion during cold stress using thallium-201 scintigraphy in diabetic patients with abnormal changes in left ventricular function during cold stress. 378 4

Cardiac function was examined in 63 asymptomatic Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients, aged 30-50 years, using radionuclide ventriculography and exercise electrocardiography to investigate the possible existence of a specific diabetic heart disease. Comparisons were made with 45 age- and sex-matched non-diabetic controls. Radionuclide ventriculography was performed at rest and during the physiological stresses of isometric exercise, cold-pressor testing and dynamic exercise. Scans were technically satisfactory in 56 of the diabetic patients and 38 of the control subjects. The resting left ventricular ejection fractions and the responses to isometric exercise and cold-pressor testing were similar in the diabetic patients and controls. A smaller rise in the left ventricular ejection fraction during dynamic exercise was observed in male diabetic patients compared with male control subjects (9 +/- 1% (mean +/- SEM) vs 14 +/- 1% (p less than 0.005)). A similar trend was observed in female diabetic patients, with a rise of 5 +/- 1% on dynamic exercise compared with a rise of 8 +/- 1% in the control group. Sixteen diabetic patients (29%) demonstrated an abnormal response to dynamic exercise, and 5 of these had an abnormal exercise electrocardiogram. Cardiac catheterisation and coronary arteriography were performed in eight of these 16 patients, and all 8 had normal coronary arteries. Endomyocardial biopsy revealed arteriolar thickening and interstitial fibrosis in 5 patients, and in 2 patients basement membrane thickening was conspicuous. Thus, in diabetic patients cardiac function may be abnormal without evidence of coronary heart disease, and some patients appear to have the histological changes consistent with a diabetic microangiopathy involving the heart.
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PMID:Cardiac function and coronary arteriography in asymptomatic type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients: evidence for a specific diabetic heart disease. 380 44

Extravascular lung water (EVLW) was measured in 16 patients with congenital heart disease by the cold green dye, double indicator dilution technique. Five patients with optimally corrected tetralogy of Fallot served as controls, and EVLW in this group was 4.7 +/- 0.5 ml/kg (111 +/- 13 ml/m2) (mean +/- standard deviation). In 5 asymptomatic patients with atrial septal defect (ASD), normal pulmonary artery (PA) pressure and increased pulmonary blood flow, EVLW was 5.7 +/- 2.8 ml/kg (132 +/- 63 ml/m2), which was not significantly different from the value of control patients. However, in 6 patients with ventricular septal defect, PA hypertension, normal left atrial pressure and an equivalent left-to-right shunt to ASD patients, EVLW was 15.9 +/- 3.8 ml/kg (270 +/- 60 ml/m2). This was significantly different from values in both control and ASD patients (p less than 0.01). It is concluded that in the face of normal pulmonary vascular resistance, PA pressure is transmitted to the microvasculature, causing hydrostatic pulmonary edema. Other factors that may be implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary edema, such as increased pulmonary blood flow and relative lymphatic insufficiency in infants, cannot be excluded.
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PMID:Extravascular lung water in children immediately after operative closure of either isolated atrial septal defect or ventricular septal defect. 403 40

During an epidemic of respiratory syncytial (R.S.) virus in Newcastle upon Tyne 13 children developed R.S. virus infections while in hospital with other conditions. R.S. virus infection was also noted in four members of the staff. In two of the hospital wards outbreaks developed. All children infected with R.S. virus developed symptoms. The symptoms varied with age; two children aged 2 months or less developed colds, as did five children over 1 year of age. One child of 15 months with Werdnig-Hoffman disease, though suffering from a cold, later developed pulmonary collapse. All five children aged 3 to 8 months developed bronchiolitis. The effectiveness of special nursing in cubicles was probably diminished because adults with mild colds were excreting virus. The dangers of R.S. virus infection to other children in the ward, especially those with congenital heart disease, is emphasized.
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PMID:Respiratory syncytial virus in hospital cross-infection. 556 49

Cold potassium cardioplegia was used in 78 consecutive patients undergoing correction of complex congenital heart disease between 1977 and 1982. Ages ranged from 4 weeks to 21 years (mean 6.7 years). The anatomical diagnoses were: tetralogy of Fallot (33), common AV canal (12), pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (VSD) with previous shunts (5), transposition of great arteries (5), total anomalous pulmonary venous return (3), complex VSD (4), and complex anomalies (16). There were 3 deaths (4%). Electron microscopy was performed on biopsy specimens taken from the hypertrophied or volume-loaded cardiac chamber (1) before perfusion, (2) after cardioplegia, and (3) 30 minutes after cardioplegia. It showed near normal myocardial ultrastructure after cardioplegic arrest, however there was minimal mitochondrial and intracellular edema after reperfusion. Post-operatively, 80% of the patients had spontaneous defibrillation and only 10% required brief inotropic support. The operative exposure was excellent. No patient developed heart block during repair.
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PMID:Consecutive repair of complex congenital heart disease using hypothermic cardioplegic arrest--its results and ultrastructural study of the myocardium. 619 69

Myocardial calcium uptake in response to isoproterenol (ISO, 10(-4) M) was investigated in control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats using an in vitro heart perfusion model. An initial labeling with 45Ca added to the perfusate (with or without ISO) was followed by a cold calcium-free washout, thus clearing the myocardial interstitium of 45Ca. In this way the remaining 45Ca was an estimate of the myocardial calcium uptake during the labeling period. In control rats ISO induced a statistically significant increase in myocardial calcium uptake within the first 5 minutes, as well as from the 5th to the 15th minutes after exposure to this strong beta-receptor agonist. In contrast to this, diabetic hearts showed no increase in calcium uptake during any of these periods. The toxic effect of ISO was expressed by a leak of creatinine phosphokinase to the perfusate. In control rats the concentration of creatinine phosphokinase increased after ISO with a statistically significant correlation to the calcium uptake, whereas no enzymatic leak was seen after perfusion of the diabetic hearts. This abnormal response to strong beta-receptor stimulation in experimental diabetes is in accordance with our earlier in vivo finding of a myocardial protection against toxic doses of ISO. These results indicate a decreased catacholamine-induced calcium transport through the myocardial sarcolemma in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. This might hypothetically have relevance for diabetic heart disease as well as diabetic neuropathy.
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PMID:Decreased myocardial calcium uptake after isoproterenol in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Studies in the in vitro perfused heart. 629 40


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