Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The current burden of cardiovascular disease in the U.S. population and recent trends in morbidity, mortality and risk factors provide a perspective on heart disease in the 21st century. Projections of demographic trends for populations and predictions of the frequency, distribution and characteristics of cardiovascular disease in the future are offered with numerous reservations and subject to revision. Nonetheless, we can expect to see more patients with cardiovascular disease in the next few decades and these patients are likely to be older and to be from the less well-educated and poorer socioeconomic segments of society. Improvements in treatment for the initial cardiovascular event may result in increased survival of women and men suffering permanent damage or disability. There will also be better opportunities to prevent cardiovascular diseases through modifying risk factors in the general population and in high risk individuals. Non-invasive procedures will also increase opportunities for detecting and reversing preclinical atherosclerosis through hygienic and therapeutic measures.
 ...
PMID:[Demographic trends and the burden of cardiovascular diseases]. 186 52

Low concentrations of total and LDL cholesterol are associated with minimal risk of atherosclerosis. Aerobic exercise has been similarly associated with a low risk of heart disease. The literature is inconclusive as to whether there is an association between total and LDL cholesterol and exercise. Further, previous work has, almost exclusively, examined male runners. Therefore, we examined 176 male and female cross-country skiers, participating in the National Master's Championships, for body composition, dietary habits, exercise habits, and serum lipid levels. Our results show markedly low concentrations of serum LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol, as well as the expected high concentrations of HDL cholesterol and low concentrations of triglycerides, in these lean skiers. Their diets contained 30% fat, and they exercised 9 h weekly. Although it is difficult to separate the effects of diet, leanness, and exercise on the lipid profile, it is apparent that the lifestyle led by these people is associated with a lipid profile that confers an extremely low risk of atherosclerotic disease.
 ...
PMID:Influence of lifetime cross-country skiing on plasma lipids and lipoproteins. 188 77

Advances in cardiovascular research during the past two decades have resulted in an improved understanding of the chain of events that lead to end-stage coronary artery disease. These developments have been paralleled by therapeutic advances that now make it possible to intervene at virtually every stage in the development of advanced cardiac disease, from asymptomatic persons at risk of developing coronary atherosclerosis to patients with end-stage heart failure. By interrupting this chain of events, perhaps at multiple sites, it may be possible to prevent or slow the development of symptomatic heart disease and hopefully prolong life. Many opportunities exist for obtaining further information regarding the underlying pathophysiology, the fundamental mechanisms of action of interventions designed to prevent and/or treat the development of myocardial ischemia and cardiac failure and for effecting favorably the natural history of various forms of heart disease.
 ...
PMID:Resolved and unresolved issues in the prevention and treatment of coronary artery disease: a workshop consensus statement. 200 53

The effects of first generation sulphonylurea compounds carbutamide, gliclazide and tolbutamide as well as second generation compounds glibenclamide and glipizide on the cardiovascular system were investigated in dogs. Six dogs received each compound intravenously at cumulative dose levels of 74, 296, 1184 mumol/kg of carbutamide and tolbutamide, 0.4, 2.0, 10.0 mumol/kg of glibenclamide and glipizide, and 16, 48 and 144 mumol/kg of gliclazide. Mean arterial blood pressure, myocardial contractile force, cardiac output and heart rate were measured. The rate of change of myocardial contractile force development (positive dF/dt), as well as of myocardial relaxation (negative dF/dt) were measured. The first generation sulphonylureas were found, in dogs, to exert a positive inotropic effect in contrast to second generation compounds. The clinical importance of our findings may be in the potential for the malfunction of the cardiovascular system (based on cardiopathy, neuropathy, atherosclerosis, and obesity), developing in diabetes, to be further impaired by the first generation sulphonylureas. Therefore, second generation sulphonylureas should be preferred in the therapy of type 2 diabetics, if satisfactory metabolic control cannot be achieved by dietary management alone and sulphonylurea treatment becomes necessary.
 ...
PMID:Direct effect of hypoglycemic sulphonylureas on the cardiovascular system of dogs. 201 35

We investigated the association of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and hypertension with two different manifestations of carotid atherosclerosis in a random population sample of 1165 Eastern Finnish men aged 42, 48, 54 or 60 years, examined in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. Carotid atherosclerosis was assessed with high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography. Men with a casual sitting systolic blood pressure of 175 mmHg or more had a 3.17-fold (95% confidence interval 1.79-5.61) prevalence of intima-media thickening--adjusted for age, smoking, S-LDL-cholesterol, IHD history and diabetes--compared to men with lower systolic pressures. The relative prevalence of carotid plaques in men with raised systolic pressures. The relative prevalence of carotid plaques in men with raised systolic blood pressure was 2.61 (95% confidence interval 1.44-4.72) in relation to men with no lesions. Our findings suggest that systolic but not diastolic hypertension is associated with an increased prevalence of both early and advanced atherosclerotic lesions in carotid arteries.
 ...
PMID:Carotid atherosclerosis in relation to systolic and diastolic blood pressure: Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. 203

The principles behind the analysis of secular trends of cause-specific mortality rates by 'current' and 'cohort' methods were subjected to theoretical examination. A more general method, named here the 'midpoint' method, was found for which the 'current' and 'cohort' methods are special types of limiting cases. It is shown that the span of time over which the causes of disease act, and the period of life, whether early or late, in which they are predominantly concentrated will determine which of these three methods is appropriate for each specific cause of death. For 'cumulative' diseases (of which atherosclerosis and hypertension are thought to be examples), defined as diseases which accumulate slowly over the greater part of a lifetime under the influence of etiologic factors that are widely dispersed in time, the data favor the 'midpoint' method as the most appropriate one of the three. Secular trends in diseases of the heart in the USA from 1914 - 1963 were examined in 1968 by this method, thus generating predictions about the trends to be expected after 1963. Although no definitive conclusion could be reached at that time, the probabilities then favored the hypothesis that the etiologic forces which contribute to heart disease mortality reached a peak around 1930 or earlier, and that the subsequent decline had not yet given evidence of ending. Predictions of secular declines in mortality rates attributed to diseases of the heart made in 1968 are compared here with the subsequent 20 years of experience by specific age-race-sex groups. Validation of the midpoint cohort method of analysis is claimed. The peak in heart disease mortality that occurred in 1968 is seen as a temporary fluctuation within the grand pattern of 20th Century USA.
 ...
PMID:A modified cohort method for secular trend analysis: heart disease mortality in the USA 1914-1963 and follow-up to 1983. 206 62

The use of ultrasonography in cardiology has progressed so dramatically that not only is anatomic information available but information can also be derived about cardiac hemodynamics. Applications range from intravascular ultrasonic imaging of coronary atherosclerosis to predictions of the severity of fetal valvular pulmonic stenosis detected in utero. We reviewed cardiac ultrasonography as utilized in B-mode imaging, pulsed and continuous-wave spectral Doppler, and Doppler color flow mapping. We reviewed specialized areas, including stress echo for wall motion analysis, valvular and congenital heart disease applications, and new applications in intraoperative, transesophageal, contrast echography, coronary imaging, and fetal echocardiography. Finally, future applications of quantitative flow mapping and intraluminal and interventional ultrasonography were considered along with the required technological advances.
 ...
PMID:Report of the Council on Scientific Affairs: ultrasonic imaging of the heart: report of the Ultrasonography Task Force. 206 79

Orthotopic heart transplantation has become an accepted therapy for adult patients with end-stage heart disease. In newborns and infants, this procedure is still controversial because of the unknown long-term results and the lack of donor organs. Since March 1988, we have performed orthotopic heart transplantation in 11 infants and children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (n = 6), cardiomyopathy (n = 4), or congenital endocardial fibroelastosis (n = 1). The smallest infant was 3 days old and weighed 2,650 g. Four of 15 potential donors had to be refused for various medical reasons, and 4 were transferred to our hospital for organ retrieval. Seven hearts were procured remotely. We accepted weight mismatches up to 105% between donor and recipient. There were three perioperative deaths, two in patients 5 and 17 days old with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and 1 in a 2-year-old patient with a dilated cardiomyopathy. All 3 patients had drug-resistant right heart failure. A 2-year-old girl with a dilated cardiomyopathy died 2 months after transplantation owing to severe pulmonary embolism originating from the superior vena cava. The remaining 7 patients are alive and well between 1 month and 31 months after transplantation. Angiographic follow-up has not revealed signs of graft atherosclerosis at 2 years.
 ...
PMID:Pediatric heart transplantation for congenital heart disease and cardiomyopathy. 206 37

We investigated the association of elevated serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, smoking and hypertension with different manifestations of carotid atherosclerosis in a population-based sample of 720 Eastern Finnish men aged 42, 48, 54 or 60 years, examined in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. Carotid atherosclerosis was assessed with high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography. Men who had neither a history nor symptoms of cardiovascular disease with serum LDL cholesterol concentration in the highest tertile (4.17 mM or more) had 3.40-fold (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.98-5.84) age-, smoking- and hypertension-adjusted probability of intimal-medial thickening as compared to men in the lowest serum LDL cholesterol tertile. The odds ratio for carotid plaque versus intimal-medial thickening was only 1.03 (95% CI 0.47-2.28). The respective odds ratios for smoking (28 pack-years or more) were 1.62 (95% CI 0.79-3.32) and 3.02 (95% CI 1.41-6.47) and those for hypertension were 1.10 (95% CI 0.70-1.73) and 0.99 (95% CI 0.53-1.84). Our findings suggest that elevated serum LDL cholesterol concentration associates with an increased risk of common carotid arterial wall thickening, whereas smoking is associated more strongly with carotid plaques than intimal-medial thickening. Our cross-sectional data do not support association between hypertension and either manifestation of carotid atherosclerosis.
 ...
PMID:Association of serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking and hypertension with different manifestations of atherosclerosis. 208 21

The correlations between lipid and lipoprotein measurements and other risk factors of coronary artery disease were evaluated in 101 men undergoing coronary angiography. Clinically significant disease was present in 75 patients, whereas 24 had no observable lesions and 2 had minimal lesions. Comparisons of individual lipid and lipoprotein levels were nearly all significantly different between patients with and patients without clinically significant disease; however, no single variable could predict the presence of disease among patients. Logistic regression analysis identified five factors: apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein B, diabetes, age, and family history of heart disease, which account for most of the differences between the two patient groups. These results could have important implications for the evaluation and management of patients suspected of having coronary atherosclerosis.
 ...
PMID:Correlates of atherosclerosis in coronary arteries of patients undergoing angiographic evaluation. 211 60


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>