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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Spasm of coronary arteries can cause chest pain indistinguishable from classic angina pectoris in patients without atherosclerosis of these vessels or recognizable heart disease. Associated electrocardiographic changes usually correspond to the coronary artery affected and disappear when the attack of pain ends. Sublingual nitrates are excellent agents for the control of the episodic anginal symptoms. There have been scattered reports of myocardial infarction occurring in patients with normal coronary arteries; a role of arterial spasm in these cases in speculative.
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PMID:Myocardial ischemia from coronary arterial spasm. 0 82

A postmortem coronary angiography technique employing aortic injection of contrast medium and double contrast visualization of the aortic bulb and large epicardial coronary trunks was applied to the study of coronary ostia in a series of 124 deaths from acute myocardial infarction and a series of 89 sudden deaths without recent infarction and 42 violent deaths. A stenosis of 50 per cent or more of the lumen was found in the right ostium in 45 per cent and in the left ostium in 8 per cent of infarct cases. The corresponding figures in sudden deaths were 37 per cent on the right and 4.5 per cent on the left side, and in violent deaths 7 per cent in the right ostium and none in the left. Most ostial stenoses were caused by coronary atherosclerosis. In 9 patients, two with a recent infarct and 7 sudden deaths, an ostial stenosis was the only stenosed site in the coronary arterial tree. Of theses 9 patients, 7 were known to have suffered from symptomatic heart disease during life, chest pain on effort and arrhythmias being the most common complaint.
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PMID:Occurrence of coronary ostial stenosis in a necropsy series of myocardial infarction, sudden death, and violent death. 12 64

Uncontrolled hypertension increases the workload of the left ventricle causing the development of hypertrophy and an increase in myocardial oxygen consumption that may precipitate ischemia because of inadequate oxygen delivery related to accelerated coronary atherosclerosis. Control of the hypertension should prevent the further development of hypertrophy, delay the development of fibrosis and possibly also slow the rate of development of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, when myocardial function is impaired because of hypertrophy or other myocardial diseases, the level of blood pressure becomes an important determinant of left ventricular performance. Regardless of the level of arterial pressure, vasodilator drugs that lower arterial pressure may result in marked improvement in left ventricular performance and relief of symptoms of left ventricular failure. Therefore, control of blood pressure in the presence of heart disease may involve treatment of normotensive patients to bring them into a lower normotensive range as well as the more traditional treatment of hypertensives to bring them into the normotensive range. Although this scenario is consistent with conventional wisdom and clinical experience, intricacies of the relationship between hypertension, hypertrophy, myocardial oxygen delivery, atherosclerosis and intramyocardial blood flow distribution remain poorly understood. Until these aspects of the natural history of heart disease are better worked out therapy will remain largely empirical.
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PMID:Heart disease in the hypertensive patient. 14 Feb 80

The chemical composition of ultracentrifugal fractions of VLDL (d less than 1006), LDL (d 1006-1063) and HDL (d less than 1063) has been studied in males affected by atherosclerosis of different vascular beds. Thirty-seven subjects affected by post-infarction cardiopathy (M.I.) showed significantly higher values of total-C, VLDL-C and LDL-C when compared to 52 controls. Twenty-three patients affected by non-occlusive ischaemic heart disease (I.H.D.) showed higher values than controls of total-C, VLCL-C, LDL-C, total TG, VLDL-TG, and GDL-TG. Twenty-three patients with atherosclerosis of the inferior limbs (P.A.) were characterized by increased levels of total-TG, VLDL-TG, VLDL-C, HDL-C. A group of patients who had suffered a stroke from cerebro-vascular disease (C.V.D.) did not show any significant difference from controls. In the M.I. group, 56% of the patients had a high level of C-VLDL. Patients with I.H.D. were characterized mostly by an increase in C-LDL, Patients with P.A. showed the highest values of total -TG, VLDL-TG and LDL-TG. Some of the observed differences are probably due to different metabolic backgrounds. Some other differences may be due to variations in dietary habits after heart infarction. Patients with levels of plasma cholesterol and triglyceride beyond the 90th percentile of the normal group showed many abnormalities in the chemical composition of their lipoproteins. It is noteworthy that increased amounts of cholesterol may collect in lipoprotein classes different from LDL while increased amounts of triglyceride may collect in classes different from VLDL.
Atherosclerosis 1977 Feb
PMID:Chemical composition of ultracentrifugal fractions in different patterns of human atheroslcerosis. 18 83

Studies on the pathogenic potential of the human cardiotropic enterovirus, coxsackievirus B5, show that this agent localizes and replicates in the aorta of mice. Nutritionally-induced hypercholesterolemia leads to an increased replication and persistence of virus in tissues, specifically the aorta. Coxsackievirus B cardiopathy is markedly augmented in the hypercholesterolemic host, resulting in a persistent cardiomyolysis which is not evident in virus-infected animals with normal cholesterol levels. Pathological changes in the aorta become evident only months after the acute infection, and only in hypercholesterolemic animals previously infected with coxsackievirus B5. Our findings of coxsackievirus B-induced angiopathy and cardiopathy in the hypercholesterolemic host extend the known pathogenic range of these human viruses, and further emphasizes their potential as etiological agents of cardiovascular disease.
Atherosclerosis 1978 Nov
PMID:Coxsackievirus B cardiopathy and angiopathy in the hypercholesterolemic host. 21 92

This study was designed to assess HDL levels in children of young men with IHD, compared with children of asymptomatic men. Like their fathers, sons of patients with heart disease, had significantly lower HDL cholesterols than controls. This difference was independent of fasting triglycerides, obesity, diet or physical activity, and was the only "coronary risk factor" in this young age group.
Atherosclerosis 1979 Jul
PMID:High density lipoprotein levels in children of young men with ischaemic heart disease. 22 9

Plasma lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels were measured in 24 obese not-insulin dependent Pima Indian diabetics and 9 obese nondiabetic controls before and after 1-8 months on a 500 calorie diet. The diabetics were divided into 3 groups--severe, recent onset (n = 10), severe long-term (n = 6), and borderline (n = 8). The diet regimen resulted in weight loss and improved glucose tolerance in all of the diabetics, and insulin secretion increased in the 2 groups of severe diabetics. After the period of weight loss, total plasma cholesterol had declined greater than 20%, and LDL cholesterol decreased 25% in all diabetic groups and in the controls. In all diabetic groups, HDL cholesterol did not decline; therefore the ratio of HDL/LDL cholesterol after diet therapy was significantly increased. In the controls HDL cholesterol declined with weight loss, and the distribution of HDL/LDL cholesterol remained constant. Plasma and VLDL triglyceride levels decreased in all groups in those with initial triglyceride levels greater than 150 mg/dl. The results indicate that weight loss in not-insulin dependent diabetics not only improves glucose tolerance, but also lowerss plasma lipids and reverses the dyslipoproteinemia often associated with this disorder. This may influence the risk of arteriosclerotic heart disease in these individuals.
Atherosclerosis 1979 Aug
PMID:Changes in plasma lipoproteins accompanying diet therapy in obese diabetics. 22 83

Heart disease continues to be a major cause of disablement and death in Canada. Elevated serum cholesterol concentrations, hypertension and cigarette smoking are among the standard risk factors associated with ischemic heart disease. Research attention has also been directed at the role of behavioural factors in the development of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. Experimental findings support a conceptual approach to the interplay of psychologic stress, the type A "coronary"-prone behaviour pattern and pathophysiologic mechanisms that have been implicated in the development of coronary artery disease. It is concluded that type A behaviour and stress contribute substantially to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. However, assessment of the manner in which these two variables influence the pathophysiology of ischemic heart disease requires further research, with systematic examination of physiologic and biochemical processes. Potential strategies for modifying type A behaviour are reviewed. However, unequivocal support for the preventive efficacy of behavioural approaches must await future research.
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PMID:Behavioural prevention of ischemic heart disease. 36 Nov 91

96.3%, i.e., 7746 people, of the male personnel of a large French firm were surveyed to study the effects of smoking on the cardiovascular system. All males were between 43-54, and were regularly followed-up for 6 years after an initial, thorough visit. There were 399 deaths, of which only 23 were nonsmokers. The average yearly mortality rate was calcualted to be 3/1000 among nonsmokers, and 8.9/1000 among smokers, an incidence 3 times higher. Excess mortality of smokers was found among those with lung cancer or with coronary heart disease. The number of cigarettes smoked and inhaled had a great influence on the incidence of leg atherosclerosis and of coronary disease. Risk of ischemic cardiopathy was multiplied by 1.7 in people who smoked 20 cigarettes a day, and by 2.9 in people who smoked 40 cigarettes a day. A well organized campaign of health education conducted at national level would be highly advisable.
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PMID:[Tobacco, mortality and morbidity of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases--a prospective study in Paris]. 45 93

Between the years 1964 and 1973, 225 patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) due primarily to atherosclerosis were evaluated and treated. They have now been followed for from 3 to 14 years (average 5.5 years). As of 1976, 82 of the 225 patients were dead, 21 from cerebral infarction, 52 from heart disease and nine from other causes. Of the 56 untreated patients, 11 (19 percent) had cerebral infarctions, four (7 percent) of which were fatal; six (11 percent) were still having TIAs. Of the 45 patients medically treated, 10 (24 percent) had cerebral infarctions, three (7 percent) of which were fatal; 11(25 percent) still experienced TIAs. In the surgical group of 124, 27 (21 percent) had postoperative cerebral infarctions, seven (6 percent) of which were fatal; 23 (18 percent) had cerebral infarctions during follow-up, of which seven (6 percent) were fatal; and 15 (12 percent) were still having TIAs. No statistically significant differences (p less than 0.05) related to cerebral infarction or TIAs developed among the three groups. The majority (23 percent) eventually succumbed to myocardial infarction, leading us to conclude that great emphasis must be placed upon TIAs as a warning for cardiac as well as cerebrovascular disease.
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PMID:Transient ischemic attacks: a prospective study of 225 patients. 56 90


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