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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The relationship of stature with the prevalence of 18 chronic diseases or groups of diseases was analysed using data from the 1983 Italian National Health Survey, based on a sample of 63,859 individuals aged 20 or over randomly selected within strata of geographical area, size of the place of residence and of the household in order to be representative of the Italian population. Rate ratios (RR) were computed using multiple logistic regression, including terms for sex, age, geographical area, education and smoking. For 15 out of 18 diseases or groups of diseases the RR was below unity in the highest quartiles of height, and the inverse trends with stature were significant for 11 (diabetes, RR 0.90 for highest vs lowest quartile; heart disease, RR 0.92; chronic bronchitis and emphysema, RR 0.84; bronchial asthma, RR 0.70; anaemias, RR 0.70; liver cirrhosis, RR 0.62; urolithiasis, RR 0.76; renal insufficiency, RR 0.71; arthritis, RR 0.89; psychiatric and neurological disorders, RR 0.82). None of the diseases considered showed significant direct trends with height, but hypertension (RR 1.09 for the highest vs lowest quartile), haemorrhoids or varices (RR 1.09) and cancers (RR 1.22) tended to be elevated in the highest quartile of height. The generalised inverse relationship between height and prevalence of chronic disease suggests that poorer nutrition in childhood and adolescence is an unfavourable indicator for the subsequent occurrence of several diseases. Major exceptions were hypertension and varices, two conditions highly dependent on the pattern of health care utilization, and cancer.
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PMID:Height and the prevalence of chronic disease. 160 29

A sample of 1377 physicians were surveyed by mailed questionnaire to study to what extent primary care physicians are involved in the long-term care of children with chronic disorders. The sample included all pediatricians practicing in the province of Quebec and a stratified random sample of general practitioners (10% sample in urban areas and 25% sample in rural areas). A response rate of 81% was achieved. Referral patterns were studied for asthma, congenital heart disease, and diabetes. Although pediatricians referred their patients less frequently than general practitioners, referral patterns depended mainly on the clinical condition. "No routine referral" was the most popular management strategy for asthma, whereas for congenital heart disease and diabetes more than 20% of physicians referred their patients for all aspects of care. Rural physicians tended to assume patient care to a greater extent than did urban physicians. Most pediatricians referred patients directly to subspecialists practicing in tertiary care centers, whereas general practitioners often sent patients to pediatricians practicing elsewhere, or to other specialists. These data suggest that the availability of medical resources in the community and accessibility to tertiary care centers also influence physicians' involvement in the long-term care of these children.
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PMID:Referral patterns for children with chronic diseases. 161 83

A sample of 7465 persons aged 10 to 17 years from the 1988 National Health Interview Survey on Child Health was used to assess the prevalence and impact of chronic conditions in adolescents. We defined a condition as chronic if it was first noted more than 3 months before the interview or a condition that ordinarily would be of lengthy duration, such as arthritis or heart disease. An estimated 31.5% of US adolescents were reported to have one or more chronic conditions. The most commonly reported chronic conditions included respiratory allergies, asthma, and frequent or severe headaches. Chronic conditions had widely varying impact on adolescent activity levels. On average, adolescents with chronic conditions experienced 3.4 bed days and 4.4 school absence days related to their chronic conditions in the year before the interview. Adolescents with chronic conditions were also reported to experience 35% more behavioral problems than their counterparts without chronic conditions. Adolescents with multiple chronic conditions had substantially more bed days, school absence days, and behavioral problems than adolescents with a single chronic condition. Implications of these findings are discussed.
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PMID:Prevalence and impact of chronic illness among adolescents. 166 60

The purpose of this study was to determine whether serum magnesium levels in asthmatic patients during acute exacerbations differ from those of a control population. Twenty-three known asthmatics presenting to the emergency department in acute exacerbation (cases) and 15 nonasthmatic patients (controls) matched for age, sex, race, and socioeconomic status had serum magnesium assays drawn. Admission criteria were: age 18 to 50 years with no history of alcoholism, heart disease, renal disease, or diuretic use. Patients giving a history of pregnancy were excluded. Serum magnesium levels were not significantly different in the two study populations, nor did they correlate with the severity of asthma (mean values: cases, 2.04 +/- 0.159 versus controls, 2.03 +/- 0.134 mg/dL; SD of the difference of the means = .048). An analysis for beta-error demonstrated the true difference of the means to be less than .1 (95% confidence) or less than .13 (99% confidence). In conclusion, serum magnesium levels in asthmatics are not significantly different from those of a control nonasthmatic population. They are not clinically useful for predicting the severity of disease.
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PMID:Serum magnesium levels in asthmatic patients during acute exacerbations of asthma. 173 5

The basic and clinic measurements in the initial cardiovascular work-up of the adult asthmatic are reviewed. This is complemented with the physiopathology of the two problems the frequently arise when an asthmatic is evaluated: 1) if asthma could cause a heart disease and 2) if a heart disease may be hidden in a presumed asthma.
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PMID:[Cardiological evaluation of the asthmatic adult in the allergologist's office]. 179 81

Disorders of ventilation and postoperative bronchial and pulmonary infections still create serious problems in general surgery. Three factors determine these complications: (1) the transient and usually resolutive repercussions of anaesthesia on ventilation; (2) the sometimes deep and prolonged alteration of lung function directly due to the surgical procedure, and (3) the patient's underlying condition. In practice, this last group of surgical patients can be divided into fragile subjects (elderly people, pregnant women), subjects at risk (smokers, malnourished or obese patients) and disabled subjects suffering from chronic obstructive or restrictive lung disease, asthma or heart disease. Preoperative clinical, radiological and, chiefly, functional evaluation leads to preventive measures. Preparation for surgery relies, to a great extent, on respiratory physiotherapy which, if needed, may be integrated in a pneumological therapeutic program. Combined with an efficient postoperative analgesia and with an optional anaesthesia technique, respiratory physiotherapy is essential to the prevention of respiratory complications in surgery.
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PMID:[Respiratory risk of general surgery in adults]. 188 56

The relation of ventilatory function to overall mortality has been studied in 662 male and 2048 female never-smokers who during the period 1976-1978 participated in the Copenhagen City Heart Study, a prospective community study of more than 14,000 men and women randomly selected from the general population of the City of Copenhagen. Until the end of 1986, 195 subjects who said they were never-smokers died. Mortality was analyzed using the proportional hazards model of Cox. In addition to measures of ventilatory function, the mortality analysis included age, sex, body-mass index, alcohol consumption, school education, diabetes mellitus, heart disease and bronchial asthma as confounding factors. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) as a percentage of that predicted, forced vital capacity (FVC) as a percentage of that predicted and the ratio of FEV1 to FVC were significant risk factors for mortality among both sexes. The relative risk of death associated with a 50% decrease in FEV1 and FVC as a percentage of a predicted value was 1.65 and 1.81, respectively. This study confirms that lowered ventilatory function is a strong risk factor for mortality among never-smokers of both sexes.
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PMID:Spirometric findings and mortality in never-smokers. 221 76

Though breathing pattern is frequently analyzed during clinical exercise testing, there is little information regarding its usefulness in the differential diagnosis of impaired exercise tolerance. This study tested the hypothesis that differences in peak tidal volume during exercise between patients with different cardiorespiratory diseases are related largely to differences in severity of respiratory mechanical impairment (vital capacity), not to differences in disease state. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, restrictive lung disease, bronchial asthma, and heart disease (mitral valve disease or left ventricular dysfunction) were studied. Subjects selected had one and only one of the above diagnoses. All subjects performed maximal (symptom-limited) incremental exercise on a cycle ergometer. Multiple linear regression of all subjects (n = 30) in all four groups showed a significant correlation between VTmax and VC: VTmax = 0.55, VC -0.09 L (r = 0.827, p less than 0.0001). The VTmax/VC (x 100) was (mean +/- SD) 44 +/- 15, 54 +/- 11, 56 +/- 11, and 54 +/- 12 for the COPD, RLD, BA and HD patients respectively. There was no significant difference between any of the groups. We concluded that differences in VTmax between different patients are related largely to differences in VC (ie, differences in severity of respiratory mechanical impairment), not to differences in disease state. Measurement of VTmax or the VTmax/VC ratio has little value in the differential diagnosis of exertional dyspnea.
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PMID:Diagnostic value of maximal exercise tidal volume. 224 73

Deadspace is defined in terms of the efficiency of the lung in eliminating carbon dioxide. The airway deadspace is the volume of the airway in which gas moves chiefly by convection. The alveolar deadspace is caused by ventilation/perfusion inequalities at the alveolar level. The commonest causes of increased alveolar deadspace are airways disease--smoking, bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma. Other causes include pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypotension, and ARDS. In addition, right-to-left shunting (cyanotic heart disease, atelectasis) causes an apparent or virtual deadspace, which, although not representing non-perfusion of any compartment, nevertheless reduces the efficiency of ventilation.
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PMID:Deadspace during anaesthesia. 229 89

A random sample of 1,261 non-institutionalised persons aged 70-95 years in four Danish communes replied to questionnaires on health, functional ability, drug use, and living situation in October-November, 1986. Twenty-four % assess their health as excellent, 27%, 39% and 10% good, fair, or poor. Younger persons report better self-assessed health than older, males better than females irrespective of age. Chronic ailments are reported by 51%, most frequent hypertension (24%), heart disease (17%), and chronic bronchitis/asthma (12%). More females than males and more old than young report chronic ailments. Seventy-six % have experienced one or more physical symptoms during the past month, most frequently aching in back and hips (39%) aching in knee and feet (36%), vertigo (27%), swollen legs (25%), and headaches (19%). Fourty-six % report one or more mental symptoms during the past month, most frequently difficulties falling asleep (30%), fatigue without specific reason (21%), and depression (18%). Females report more symptoms than men, older persons report more symptoms than younger. Fourty-nine % report difficulties in hearing during conversations among several persons, 24% in conversations with one other person. Twenty-three % have difficulties reading printed text. Fifty-nine % report memory problems. Functional ability is described by 13 daily activities and 31% can perform all activities without trouble, 29% with some trouble but without help, whereas 13 and 27% need help for one, or more of these activities. More females than males and more older than younger need help.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Self-reported health status and drug use among the elderly]. 230 Oct 91


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