Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to investigate sudden cardiac death at exertion (sports, and light work in daily life), 226 cases of sudden death during sports and 1,729 autopsy cases of sudden death were studied, and exercise tests were performed on 138 patients with various cardiac diseases. Among sports, marathon or jogging caused sudden death most frequently (52.7%). It occurred often immediately after goal (41.3%) or before goal (28.0%), but cases with a history of heart disease died at the beginning of the race. Severe heat, overwork and other factors may precipitate the sudden death. In autopsy cases of sudden cardiac death which occurred at exertion, coronary arteriosclerosis (C) was found in 67.0%, cardiac hypertrophy of unknown etiology (H) in 7.8% and valvular heart diseases (V) in 7.1%. Sudden death in patients with C or H were more frequent at exertion than at rest. Patients with C were older and died at light work. Those with H of a high degree also died at light work, but the younger ones with a mild H died at sports activity. At exercise test, in patients with arrhythmia or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, abnormalities may occur after exercise. Sudden death at exertion may depend on the predisposing heart disease. Care should be taken especially at the end of the race.
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PMID:Sudden cardiac death at exertion. 685 13

A preliminary examination of the relationship between the infant mortality of US birth cohorts and their mortality in later life suggested that infant mortality from diarrhoea and enteritis was particularly influential. In the 1917-21 birth cohorts of 17 US Registration States, infant mortality from diarrhoea and enteritis was significantly related to arteriosclerosis heart disease at ages 40-44 and 50-54 in both sexes, and to respiratory cancer at the same ages in men, after controlling for contemporary infant mortality. Hypotheses suggest by these relationships are put forward.
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PMID:Infant diarrhoea and subsequent mortality from heart disease and cancer. 706 52

Study of the microcirculation primarily involves assessment of the capillaroscopic findings. In the clinical field, these are mainly obtained from small vessels of the conjunctiva and nail bed. In more recent years, microcirculation has been accompanied as a subject of examination by haemorheology. The study of blood viscosity and red cell deformability is the most promising from the practical standpoint. In the diagnostic and physiopathological evaluation of capillaroscopic findings, importance is attached to differentiation of arterial and venous vessels, the size, shape and configuration of the small vessels, and above all the presence of intravasal red cell clumps. In examination of the nail bed, particular attention is directed to oddities in the shape of the capillary loops, venous stasis and congestion pictures (in decompensated heart disease, for example, and in cor pulmonale), and alterations in the subpapillary plexuses. Examination of the conjunctiva takes account of the presence of tortuous and serpiginous vessels, with pronounced dilatations, as observed in cardiocirculatory decompensation and chronic bronchopulmonary diseases. In arteriosclerosis, tortuosity and dilatation, even as far as the formation of microaneurysms, may be accompanied by the percent of stiff, thin vessels in networks or webs of various sizes. Clinical pharmacology tests, such as those employing vasoactive drugs (xanthinol nicotinate, buflomedyl, cyticholine) are of interest. They result in a marked increase in calibre, with the appearance of collaterals, regression of red cell aggregates, and improved blood flow.
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PMID:[Microcirculation in the conjunctiva and the nail bed in the aged. Symptomatic and clinico-pharmacologic aspects]. 717 57

The globes from two elderly women who underwent enucleation for malignant melanoma of the choroid showed cavernous degeneration of the optic nerve. Both individuals had prominent optic cups and a strong family history of severe cardiovascular disease; one patient also had mild anemia and substantial arteriosclerotic heart disease. Neither patient showed any clinical or histologic evidence of glaucoma. It is proposed that cavernous degeneration of the optic nerves in some patients may represent an aging change associated with generalized arteriosclerosis. Individuals with large optic cups may be more at risk of developing this condition.
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PMID:Nonglaucomatous cavernous degeneration of the optic nerve. Report of two cases. 735 88

Hypercholesterolaemia therapy should begin with implementation of a suitable diet in order to achieve optimum weight and reduce the intake of saturated fats. Often, however, a dietary regime is not sufficient to decrease cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolaemic patients and drugs must also be used. Some of the pharmacological options available act principally on LDL cholesterol, whereas others have more effect on triglyceride rich particle. HMGCoaA reductase inhibitors exert the greatest effect on plasmatic LDL cholesterol levels and are therefore recommended in cases of moderate or severe hypercholesterolaemia, particularly in the secondary prevention of ischaemic cardiopathy. Comparing the three statin drugs, lovastatin, pravastatin and simvastatin, the latter has recently been shown in study 4S to be effective in reducing global and coronary mortality in patients with a history of coronary heart disease. In addition to their action on LDL cholesterol, these drugs also increase HDL cholesterol, reduce triglycerides and have a beneficial effect on some of the fundamental mechanisms involved in the development of arteriosclerosis. Ion-exchange resins moderately reduce cholesterol levels, thus are used in young people or in combination with other drugs when a further reduction of LDL cholesterol is required. Their main drawback, however, is that they can often cause digestive intolerance. Primary prevention trials have shown that fibrates also reduce mortality by coronary heart disease but have no effect on global mortality. They are well tolerated and are used in the treatment of mixed hyperlipaemia. Other products, such as probucol and oestrogens, are also used but only under specific circumstances.
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PMID:[The pharmacological treatment of hypercholesterolemia]. 749 38

According to the number of deaths by major cause, Malignant neoplasma takes the first rank as the cause of death and then heart disease as a second and next rank to cerebrovascular disease since 1985, instead of top rank of cerebrovascular by that time. However, heart disease and cerebrovascular could be supposed as a arteriosclerosis disease fundamentally, arteriosclerosis disease (heart disease plus cerebrovascular) is usually top of rank in the cause of death since the Showa era. Therefore, it is great significance to make studies of risk factor on the arteriosclerosis in the laboratory medicine.
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PMID:[Significance of clinical examination concerning arteriosclerosis]. 769 21

Coronary artery calcification (CAC) was easily demonstrated by plain CT-scan. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical significance of CAC in cardiovascular diseases. The subjects were 90 patients with ischemic heart disease (30 myocardial infarction, 50 exertional angina pectoris and 10 variant form of angina pectoris; 46 males and 44 females, 68 +/- 10 y/o) and 50 patients without ischemic heart diseases (30 hypertension, 10 arrhythmia, 3 valvular disease, 2 cardiomyopathy, 2 congenital heart disease and 3 others; 25 males and 25 females 65 +/- 9 y/o). CAC and calcification of thoracic aorta were evaluated by plain CT-scan (1 second scan time and 5 mm slice). The relationship between CAC and other clinical features (age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, smoking, resting ECG, exercise stress ECG, aortic calcification and optic fundi) were studied. CAC were seen more frequently in patients with ischemic heart disease (63%), old age (67%), aortic calcification (70%) and positive exercise testing (64%). On the other hand, CAC were rare in variant angina (30%). In younger patients (under 70 y/o), CAC were seen more frequently in diabetic patients. But, in older patients, CAC were frequently in those with hyperlipidemia. These results suggested that CAC was associated with not only systemic arteriosclerosis, but also ischemic heart disease, except vasospastic angina. The prognostic value of CAC would be studied later.
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PMID:Clinical significance of coronary artery calcification. 779 Jul 45

A clinicopathological study of senile dementia of Alzheimer's type (SDAT) accompanied by the white matter lesions of Binswanger's type was carried out. Fifty-seven patients, who were diagnosed as suffering from SDAT based on clinical and pathological criteria, were classified into two groups based on the white matter lesions of Binswanger's type. Namely, group 1 consisted of the SDAT patients without any subcortical or white matter lesions (30 cases); group 2 consisted of those with white matter lesions of Binswanger's type (11 cases). The other 9 cases included those with vascular lesions and 4 with some of the same pathological changes found in Parkinson's disease. Clinically, group 2 patients showed subcortical symptoms such as urinary incontinence, Parkinsonian gait, being accompanied by hypertension and arrhythmias. Periventricular lucency (CT) were common in group 2. Macroscopically, both groups showed moderately to severe atrophy, and the width of the corpus callosum of group 2 was narrower than that of group 1. There was no difference in cerebral arteriosclerosis between the groups. In microscopic findings, patients in group 2 showed diffuse distribution of cortical changes such as senile plaques as well as Alzheimer's senile plaques as well as Alzheimer's neurofibrillary tangles while those in group 1 showed various types of diffuse or local distribution. Arteriolosclerosis of the white matter were found in both groups. There was no difference in aortic atherosclerosis and/or heart disease. The complication of white matter lesions of Binswanger's type was not a rare finding in SDAT.
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PMID:[A clinicopathological study of senile dementia of Alzheimer's type (SDAT) and white matter lesions of Binswanger's type]. 820 74

Pathohistological and biochemical studies were conducted on the severity of arteriosclerosis in the internal thoracic artery (ITA), an artery commonly used for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). For the pathohistological examination, 26 bilateral ITAs and 13 left anterior descending coronary arteries (LADs) obtained in full length from 13 autopsy cases, none of which had died of arteriosclerotic heart disease, were used. The ratio of the thickness of the intima to that of the media (R) was used as the index for arteriosclerosis. ITAs and LADs were classified as grades I to IV according to the value of R. The R of the ITAs was approximately 1/10 that of the LADs (P < 0.01). Most ITAs showed a low arteriosclerotic grade, with no variation in arteriosclerosis along their length and a low R in all segments. No difference was found between right and left ITAs. Biochemical examination was conducted on 12 ITAs and 11 LADs, obtained from 12 different and unselected autopsy cases. The lipid content in the vascular wall was determined to evaluate the severity of arteriosclerosis, with the following results: Total cholesterol, 5.5 +/- 1.8 and 17.8 +/- 13.6 micrograms/mg wet weight (P < 0.05); triglyceride, 90.4 +/- 90.3 and 114.4 +/- 117.2 micrograms/mg wet weight (n.s.); and phospholipid, 7.4 +/- 3.9 and 11.2 +/- 3.9 micrograms/mg wet weight (P < 0.05), respectively, for the ITAs and LADs. These findings thus demonstrate that arteriosclerosis of the ITA in Japanese people is very mild, compared to that of the LAD in the same individuals.
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PMID:A pathohistological and biochemical study of arteriosclerosis in the internal thoracic artery, a vessel commonly used as a graft in coronary artery bypass surgery. 840 Jun 73

In Spain in recent years two studies have been carried out into the prevalence of stroke. In the study made in Girona of the rural population over 64 years of age, the prevalence for stroke was 4,012 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The figure was higher for women- 5,072 -than for men 2,675 cases. Transient Ischaemic Attacks (TIA) had a prevalence rate of 679 cases per 100,000 population of those aged over sixty-nine, being higher for men (1,161 cases) than for women (371 cases). The results from Girona differ from the findings in other Spanish regions in that the former are lower but at the same time are similar to those obtained in other western countries. The greatest risk factors for those over 69 years old were arterial hypertension, earlier episodes of TIA, diabetes, auricular fibrillation, congestive cardiac insufficiency, chronic bronchitis, myocardial infarction peripheral vascular-diseases, arteriosclerosis, heart disease with embolization and alcohol abuse.
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PMID:[Prevalence of cerebrovascular disease in Spain: a study in a rural area of Girona]. 855 97


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