Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to improve the understanding and classification of patients with suspected arterial embolism, we performed a loglinear analysis to study the interactions among eight characteristics in 202 patients operated on as a result of this diagnosis. Female patients were generally older, were in a poorer cardiac state (NYHA class), and had shorter duration of symptoms before operation than male patients. Atrial dysrhythmias were more common in women than in men less than 75 years of age. After the age of 75, however, the incidence was similar in both sexes. Thus, apparently, poor cardiac function is more commonly associated with acute arterial occlusion in women than in men. In men arterial thrombosis secondary to arteriosclerotic occlusive disease may be more frequent. Ischemic heart disease, age of more than 75 years, and the fact that the patient was a woman were independent predictors of poor cardiac function. Atrial dysrhythmias increased the odds for proximal arterial occlusion compared with distal occlusion, but only in NYHA class 1-2, which suggests that low cardiac output might be of importance in distal thrombotic occlusion in patients with both atrial dysrhythmia and poor cardiac function. Patients with arteriosclerosis had symptoms of longer duration than patients without arteriosclerosis and men had symptoms of longer duration than women, which indicate that the diagnosis was more uncertain, or the disease less severe, in these patients. In patients without evidence of ischemic heart disease, poor cardiac function was a predictor of short duration of symptoms, which suggests that patients with nonatherosclerotic heart disease were correctly treated for arterial emboli without undue delay.
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PMID:Characteristics of patients operated on because of suspected arterial embolism: a multivariate analysis. 341 81

Comparing 105 patients with mesenteric infarction, the typical attributes of the underlying diseases, arterial embolization (aE) (n = 26), arterial thrombosis (aT) (n = 40), venous thrombosis (vT) (n = 32) and combined arterio-venous occlusion (n = 7) could be demonstrated. Present heart disease, diabetes and arterial hypertonia, rapid onset of symptoms, severe abdominal pain and signs of peritonitis, extended gangrene of bowel and a high mortality of about 90% is the typical combination for aE. Over 70 years old patients with higher incidence of arteriosclerosis, more digitalis intake, longer duration of symptoms and with bowel problems in the past have a higher incidence of aT and a slightly better prognosis. Risk of thrombosis, long-standing symptoms and a clearly better prognosis are typical for the vT.
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PMID:[Are there differences in prodromal illnesses, symptoms and prognosis for various forms of mesenteric infarct?]. 343 2

The occurrence of cerebrovascular diseases under the age of 50 years has been analyzed. It has been found that 230 cases of cerebrovascular diseases have been established between 1970 and 1976 in the 7th district of Budapest. With reference to clinical forms transitory cerebral ischemia and thrombosis of the cerebral arteries showed highest frequency. Risk factors were compared to those in patients over the age of 50 years. The matched pair analysis was used to determine relative risk and objective real circumstances. In this analysis the McNemar test was found positive in numerous cases. Based on the results the multifactorial origin was considered responsible of arteriosclerosis, hypertension, heart disease, diabetes mellitus, alcohol consumption, and smoking being the most important factors.
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PMID:[Cerebrovascular diseases in patients under 50 years of age]. 350 May 50

Plasma levels of total high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and its subfractions (HDL2 and HDL3) were measured in 366 healthy Caucasian males; these values were related to a number of coronary risk factors. On univariate statistical analysis, total HDL was negatively correlated with cigarette consumption, body mass index, and serum triglycerides, and positively associated with level of physical activity and alcohol consumption. HDL2 showed an inverse relationship with cigarette consumption, body mass index, triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure and a positive relationship with age. HDL3 was negatively correlated with cigarette smoking, body mass index, and triglycerides and positively associated with exercise level and alcohol consumption. Total HDL and HDL2 were inversely related to coronary risk rating, but HDL3 showed no significant correlation. Many of these relationships became nonsignificant after allowing for the effects of other variables. In particular, none of the HDL measurements correlated significantly with risk score after allowing for the effect of triglycerides. There is insufficient evidence at present to recommend the inclusion of HDL subfractions as routine screening tests for heart disease.
Arteriosclerosis
PMID:High density lipoprotein subfractions and coronary risk factors in normal men. 360 61

A 45-year-old man with typical Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome is described. The patient had the characteristic physical findings of this syndrome, such as short stature, "horse-riding" stance, coxa valga, alopecia, micrognathia, craniofacial disproportion, and prominent eyes. He had refractory congestive heart failure due to arteriosclerotic heart disease and hypertension, and he also had arteriosclerosis obliterans. Some immunologic and endocrinologic abnormalities commonly seen in the elderly were present in this patient. On the basis of a review of the literature, this is the first patient with this syndrome who had survived into the fourth decade.
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PMID:Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome in a 45-year-old man. 372 39

Recent studies are reviewed to obtain a perspective on the risk of arteriosclerotic heart disease in women using various oral contraceptive formulations and postmenopausal estrogens. The evidence points to an increasing risk of arteriosclerosis in women after age 40 at a rate parallel to that of men. Arteriosclerosis risk is altered by small changes in lipoprotein concentration--in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and in a subfraction of HDL, HDL2. There are indications that oral contraceptives alter LDL, HDL and HDL2 concentrations relative to the potency of their estrogen and progestin components and also to the progestin component's associated androgenic effect, with estrogen producing reputedly favorable changes and progestin, unfavorable ones. The risk of arteriosclerosis and myocardial infarction in young women using oral contraceptive steroids is associated with increasing progestin dose, but in most studies, postmenopausal women experience no change or reduced mortality from all causes, including myocardial infarction, with it related in part to increased HDL cholesterol concentrations. It is wise to screen all women patients for hypercholesterolemia, especially those contemplating the use of oral contraceptives. Oral contraceptive steroids should be used cautiously by women with cardiovascular disease risk factors. Formulations must be selected to minimize their potentially adverse effects on lipoprotein physiology.
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PMID:Arteriosclerosis risk. The roles of oral contraceptives and postmenopausal estrogens. 377 11

Young men dying suddenly and autopsied by the coroner sometimes have coronary thrombosis at a relatively early stage of arteriosclerosis. The plaques under such thrombi often have a complex of features, a) rupture, b) hemorrhage, c) medial destruction, d) nodular collections of foam cells, e) calcification, f) cellular infiltrates of the fibrous cap, fibrous base and adventitia, and g) a newly described kind of phagocytic activity at the boundary between the necrotic core and the fibrous base of the plaque. Commonplace innocuous plaques in most middle and old aged subjects without heart disease also often have some of these features. What structural characteristics might distinguish rare thrombogenic from commonplace innocuous plaques? Twenty-one thrombotic plaques from 18 cases of sudden coronary heart disease (CHD) death were histologically compared with 129 nonthrombotic plaques from these same 18 cases, 85 plaques from 23 cases of CHD death due to arteriosclerotic occlusion, and 94 plaques from 22 cases having no CHD. Plaques with thrombosis all had necrotic cores; plaques for comparison with these were therefore chosen all to have necrotic cores. Rupture and hemorrhage were found in 90% of thrombotic plaques, with mixing of plaque gruel and blood in the thrombus. Medial destruction, foam cells and calcification (features c, d, and e) were commonplace in all types of plaques. Small-cell infiltrates and atherophagocytosis (features f or g) were found in 72-94% of the 21 thrombotic plaques, but only in 18-24% of the 94 not CHD plaques. The necrotic core, characterized by crystalline cholesterol, appears to incite cellular responses in some plaques but not others; those responses distinguish thrombogenesis. The findings imply that thrombogenicity and its accompanying plaque cellularity are incited not by cholesterol, but by some trace or minor component of the plaque gruel of the necrotic core. The possibility of testing these hypotheses by practical methods has been shown to be feasible.
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PMID:Characteristics of the plaque under a coronary thrombus. 392 Aug 15

For a clear definition of the influence of cardiac disorders on the development of cerebrovascular diseases in the Japanese, we reviewed 1,162 consecutive autopsy records aged 20 years and over in the Department of Pathology, Kyushu University, Japan. All autopsies had been done between Nov. 1971 and Oct. 1981. Cerebral infarction was found in 101 out of 196 with any type of cardiac disorder. Frequencies of cerebral infarction in those with myocardial infarction, rheumatic heart disease, non-bacterial thromboendocarditis, and atrial fibrillation were higher than in those with no heart disease. These differences can be ascribed to the higher incidence of large and medium-sized cerebral infarction, including many cases of cerebral embolism originating from the heart. Only 3.4% of those with small cerebral infarction were assessed to be cases of embolism. Non-embolic cerebral infarction was more frequently noted in those with myocardial infarction and atrial fibrillation than in those with no heart disease. These differences were probably linked to concomitant progression of arteriosclerosis of the cerebral and coronary arteries. In this consecutive autopsy study, cerebral embolism was found in 35 cases, 10.9% of the total number of those with cerebral infarction.
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PMID:Cardiac disorders predisposing to development of cerebrovascular diseases in the Japanese. Data obtained at autopsy. 402 40

Optimum nutrition is the level of intake that should promote the highest level of health. Although excess caloric intake will lead to obesity, a deficit in nutrition may result in a tissue depletion of essential nutrients that can lead to biochemical changes and eventually to clinical signs and symptoms. Nutrition requirements may differ according to sex, age, activity, or physiological state and can be influenced by drugs, smoking, alcohol, and other factors. With ever-increasing sedentary life styles and less physically demanding jobs, the resulting reduced caloric requirements have made it more difficult to make nutritionally sound food choices. Nutrition is the single most important component of preventive health care. Diet has been associated with cancer, heart disease, diabetes, stroke and hypertension, arteriosclerosis, and cirrhosis of the liver. The ability of the human to respond to stresses, such as altitude, heat, trauma, surgery, and infection can be influenced by nutritional status. Nutritional status is reflected in a variety of metabolic processes that provide the basis for a number of methods for its assessment.
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PMID:Implications of nutritional status on human biochemistry, physiology, and health. 642 73

Effects of chronic cigarette smoking on cerebral blood flow were investigated by measuring gray matter blood flow (Fg) using xenon 133 inhalation among 192 volunteers without cerebrovascular symptoms. There were 108 normal, healthy volunteers; 84 had risk factors for stroke (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and/or heart disease). Of both risk and nonrisk groups, 75 were habitual smokers (0.5 to 3.5 packs per day for 25 years). Comparisons of mean Fg values for both hemispheres showed significant reductions related to tobacco consumption and risk factors for stroke. Multiple-regression equations using smoking, age, risk, and alcohol consumption indicated a combined R2 value of 0.22. Smoking seems to be a potent risk factor decreasing cerebral blood flow probably by enhancing cerebral arteriosclerosis. Chronic cigarette smoking in persons with other risk factors further reduced Fg values in an additive manner when compared with subjects who had corresponding risk factors who did not smoke.
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PMID:Cigarette smoking decreases cerebral blood flow suggesting increased risk for stroke. 664 57


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