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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Single beam echocardiography is now an established diagnostic tool in non-invasive cardiology. The principle indications are valvular diseases, pericardial effusion, aneurysm of the ascending aorta, and congenital heart disease. In the absence of regional contraction disorders, left ventricular function can be assessed by the extent of systolic shortening of the left ventricular diameter. More recently, two-dimensional echocardiography has made a very significant contribution to anatomical and functional evaluation of the heart and the great vessels, since the cardiac structures can be visualized in various cross-sections. This technique is especially helpful for the assessment of left ventricular regional contraction disturbances, the diagnosis of dysfunction of artificial valves and bioprotheses, the detection of dissecting aneurysm, and the estimation of mitral valve area in mitral stenosis. Since various left ventricular axes can be determined, the quantitation of left heart volumes appears to be within the capability of the two-dimensional technique.
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PMID:[The value of echocardiography in the diagnosis of cardiac diseases]. 42 20

We described a 26-year-old man whose brother has a mottled fundus. Many maternal relatives suffer from myopia and heart disease, and one cousin has arachnodactylia. The patient is very tall and shows various abnormalities such as arachnodactylia, highly arched palate, funnel chest and scoliosis. He also shows hyperextensibility of joints, inguinal hernia, dissecting aneurysm of ascending aorta, dilatation of aortic ring, aortic and mitral insufficiency, myopia and striae distensae. These findings are that of Marfan's syndrome. At the same time, we noticed yellowish papules on the neck, axillae, inguinal region and inner aspect of thighs. Brown patches were found around umbilicus. These skin lesions as well as angioid streaks of fundus are typical for pseudoxanthoma elasticum. This case should be an association by chance of these two genetic affections.
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PMID:[Pseudoxanthoma elasticum associated with Marfan syndrome (author's transl)]. 49 13

The clinical significance of atrial fibrillation was analyzed in cases with chronic or acute heart disease and its significance at the acute and chronic stages of the disease was investigated in various disease groups. The types of disease, number of patients, and incidence of atrial fibrillation were: atrial septal defect (92, 14.1%), mitral valve disease (128, 79.7%), nonrheumatic valvular disease (32, 56.2%), aortic regurgitation (71, 2.8%), aortic stenosis (10, 10.0%), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (181, 11.6%), dilated cardiomyopathy (111, 37.8%), acute myocardial infarction (823, 9.0%), healthy subjects (31,886, 0.3%). A histopathological and electron-microscopic evaluation of the atrial heart muscle revealed that the advancement of the morphological changes was closely related to the occurrence of atrial fibrillation. Decrease in size of F waves in the electrocardiogram correlated well with the extent of right and left atrial fibrosis. Also, it was noteworthy that the atrial fibrillation in cases with dissecting aneurysm (n = 60) was an expression of the myocardial damage due to the infiltration of the bleeding into the right atrium. Intra-atrial electrogram in 48 patients with various heart diseases revealed that the electric potentials obtained from various parts of the atrium varied to a great extent and finally the patient's condition transformed to that of atrial standstill. We conclude that atrial fibrillation is an expression of some important aspect of the progression of heart disease and is not directly associated with hemodynamic overloading to the atrium. A strategy for quinidine treatment was also introduced.
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PMID:Natural history of atrial fibrillation. 344

In emergency surgery, the essential prerequisites for success are speed, promptitude and precision. For this reason diagnosis must be equally prompt and precise and may require not only clinical examination but also a number of instrumental examinations designed to confirm or even to formulate the diagnosis which is usually the case in precordialgias of cardiovascular origin. In such syndromes ultrasound cardiography is particularly advantageous for the following reasons: it is non-invasive, provides immediate results and any number of examinations can be performed on the patient in bed. Since such ultrasound techniques are also reliably accurate, they constitute the method of choice when the patient's condition is critical, when a serial study of a single patient is required and when the results are required immediately, as is the case in emergency heart surgery. Four types of ultrasound cardiography are currently available for the diagnosis of precordialgias of cardiovascular origin: 1) one dimensional M-mode echocardiography; 2) two dimensional real time echocardiography; 3) Doppler ultrasound cardiography; 4) the echo-Doppler system in which Doppler ultrasound cardiography is combined with one or two dimensional echocardiography. Acute precordial pain of cardiovascular origin may be due to the following pathological conditions: 1) ischaemic cardiopathy especially acute myocardial infarction and transitory myocardial ischaemia; 2) acute pericarditis; 3) aortic stenosis; 4) idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis; 5) mitral prolapse; 6) dissecting aneurysm of the aorta; 7) pulmonary thromboembolism. In all these cases the single and two dimensional image and Doppler ultrasound cardiography provide highly sensitive and specific information that is, in some cases, decisive for diagnosis and in others confirms the diagnosis already formulated. In addition these techniques may provide valuable prognostic data. Ultrasound cardiography is indeed useful in all cardiological emergencies, such as those caused by cardiomegaly, new and developing murmurs, peripheral embolisms, cardiac traumas and arrhythmias. It is therefore suggested that every Emergency and Intensive Care Unit should be able to use the resources offered by ultrasound cardiography in diagnosis.
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PMID:[Emergency ultrasound cardiography in acute precordial pain of cardiovascular origin]. 362 31

True aneurysms of the pulmonary artery are most frequently associated with congenital heart lesions that have lead to sustained high pulmonary artery flow rates and pulmonary hypertension. A maternal death secondary to a dissecting aneurysm of the pulmonary artery is presented. Death occurred 17 hours postpartum, and the acute dissection may have been precipitated by the high flow rates accompanying parturition or, alternatively, by the Valsalva maneuver. The authors suggest a baseline chest radiograph and electrocardiogram in all women with known or suspected congenital heart disease to evaluate for pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary artery aneurysms. The occurrence of symptoms such as dyspnea or chest pain warrants repeat evaluation with strong consideration being given to right heart catheterization and pulmonary angiography. If a dissecting aneurysm is diagnosed, then emergency surgical repair seems warranted in view of the rapidity with which this condition progresses to death.
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PMID:Maternal death secondary to a dissecting aneurysm of the pulmonary artery. 397 75

Arterial ischemic strokes are a relatively frequent diagnostic occurrence in pediatric neuroradiology. They occur mostly in three main etiologic contexts: congenital heart disease; neonatal distress; infections, focal or general inducing vasculitis, but many cases are considered idiopathic. The positive diagnosis is made by CT; in neonates, however, ultrasound appears as a promising tool. The CT features are basically similar at that age and in adults, although the site of the infarct may result from pathologies more particular to children (e.g. basal ganglia infarction due to arteritis of the carotid siphon and its branches). Infarcts may be multiple and also more frequently hemorrhagic at that age, the hemorrhagic phenomena affecting only the gray matter except in young infants in which the subcortical white matter may be affected also. Anatomical sequels include focal atrophy and asymmetry of the brain. Data regarding the etiology can be gathered from angiography which may show the degree of impairment of the arterial bed, its extent, the collateral blood supply and the morphological type of arterial lesion responsible for the cerebral damage. The most particular picture at that age is that of the often diffuse vasculitis, with its various expressions (segmental narrowing of the lumen, dissecting aneurysm, string-of beads appearance).
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PMID:Radiology of ischemic strokes in children. 408 Jan 53

This paper presents a review of the principal cardiovascular conditions which are associated with or cause certain neurological lesions. Included are conditions such as rheumatic and coronary heart disease, bacterial and non-bacterial endocarditis, dissecting aneurysm of the aorta, cardiac arrhythmias, hypertension, congenital heart disease, mitral valve prolapse, and carotid sinus hypersensitivity. The purpose of the review is to call attention to the neurological complications which may confront the physician in treating the patient who presents with any of the entities listed above, and to indicate the type of management which is currently favored for the complications.
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PMID:Cardiovascular diseases and their neurological complications. 705 1

Limulus cascade reaction is found to be frequently activated by the plasma in the patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Recently, it is considered that this phenomenon occurs by factor G pathway reactive activity (GPRA) rather than endotoxin that activates factor C pathway. In the present report, we investigated circulating endotoxin and GPRA in 32 patients undergoing CPB. Plasma was pretreated by the New PCA method, and assay was performed by two limulus tests; Toxicolor (reactive with endotoxin and GPRA) and Endospecy (endotoxin-specific). Thirty-two patients were classified into four groups by clinical diagnosis, Group A; dissecting aneurysm of the aorta (6 patients), Group B; ischemic heart disease (9 patients), Group C; heart valve disease (8 patients), Group D; congenital heart disease and myxoma in left atrium (9 patients). GPRA in Ringer's lactate hardly increased during previous circulation before operation. The highest plasma GPRA concentration in all patients was observed at the end of CPB, 415 +/- 342pg/ml, but plasma endotoxin concentration was within normal range. At the end of CPB, plasma GPRA concentrations were 761 +/- 180pg/ml in Group A, 646 +/- 341pg/ml in Group B, 230 +/- 86pg/ml in Group C, and 113 +/- 65pg/ml in Group D. GPRA increase ratio (GPRA increase value/CPB time) of Groups A and B was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of Groups C and D. It was suggested that the origin of plasma GPRA during CPB was not the CPB circuit but the tissue of the patients.
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PMID:[Limulus test (factor G pathway) positive substance during cardiopulmonary bypass]. 787 88

Nontraumatic hemopericardium is a potentially fatal pathology that is most commonly caused by myocardial wall rupture, ruptured aortic dissection, aortic aneurysm rupture, or a neoplastic process. A rare potential cause of hemopericardium is pulmonary artery dissection, with less than 100 reported cases in the literature. Pulmonary artery dissection is associated with pulmonary artery aneurysm, pulmonary artery hypertension, and congenital heart disease. We report a fatal case of nontraumatic hemopericardium caused by a ruptured dissecting pulmonary artery aneurysm in a 16-year-old girl with patent ductus arteriosus. The unenhanced postmortem computed tomography performed before autopsy was able to identify a large hemopericardium with a pulmonary artery aneurysm and lifting of mural calcification suggestive of a dissecting aneurysm. This enabled the pathologist to locate the exact rupture site that caused the hemopericardium.
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PMID:A Rare Case of Hemopericardium From a Ruptured Dissecting Pulmonary Artery Aneurysm: Postmortem Computed Tomography Scan and Autopsy Findings. 2912 Aug 72