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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

After heart disease and cancer, alcoholism is America's third largest health problem; it affects 10 million people, costs $ 60 billion, and is implicated in 200 000 deaths annually. Alcohol is involved in 50% of deaths by motor vehicle and fire, 67% of murders, and 33% of suicides. It contributes to morbidity in certain malignancies and to many diseases of the endocrine, cardiovascular, hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems. The fetal alcohol syndrome occurs in a third of the infants born to women who drink more than 150 g of ethanol daily during pregnancy; another third of the infants become mentally retarded. The prevalence of alcoholism is lower in elderly than in middle-aged persons, but detection is difficult and vulnerability to harm is great in the elderly, due to both pharmacokinetic factors and increased tissue sensitivity. Alcohol and aging are additive in their harmful effects. Although modern medical treatment is helpful, alcoholics are frequently misdiagnosed and mismanaged by health professionals. Total abstinence from alcohol should be a primary goal of treatment.
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PMID:Alcoholism. 636 12

Clinical patterns and diagnosis of alcoholic cardiopathies were evaluated in 120 patients. Cardialgia, ECG changes, heart rate disorders and signs of heart failure are manifestations of alcoholic myocardiodystrophy. Narcologic history and alcoholism markers are essential for the diagnosis of alcoholic cardiopathy. The diagnosis should be based on conventional investigation procedures.
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PMID:[Clinical picture and diagnosis of heart disease in chronic alcoholism and alcoholic intoxication]. 664 63

Ventricular septal defect is a rare complication of infective endocarditis. This is a case report of a 48-year-old man with chronic alcoholism without known previous heart disease who developed a ventricular septal defect and a tricuspid valve disruption in the course of a fatal infective endocarditis of the aortic valve.
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PMID:Acquired ventricular septal defect and tricuspid valve disruption as a complication of infective endocarditis of the aortic valve. 665 83

This article analyzes a series of health education projects that used the mass media to change behavior. First, the article describes how persuasion theories are used to maximize impact in mass communication campaigns. Second, this paper discusses theories of social psychology used in such campaigns. One such theory, cognitive dissonance, explains changes at the level of attitudes, beliefs and opinion. Another theory, social learning, defines strategies of behavior changes. A third theory, concerning diffusion of innovations, helps understand the network of interpersonal relationships essential for the adoption of any innovation. McGuire's inoculation theory suggests strategies to aid resistance to harmful environmental influences (e.g. smoking, excessive drinking, etc.). Third, this work reviews public health campaigns that have used one or more of these theories of social psychology. The first project, dealing with smoking behavior cessation and prevention, mainly used strategies of interpersonal communication for inoculating and modeling useful behavior in order to resist social pressures favorable to smoking. The second project, designed to prevent alcoholism, used the mass media primarily. The objective of this campaign was to obtain changes in knowledge, attitude and behavior in the public through modeling desirable behaviors over public service announcements. The third campaign, a heart disease prevention program, used a combination of mass media and interpersonal communication to achieve changes in lifestyle of the population. Finally, this article describes limitations in using mass media in behavior change health programs.
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PMID:The impact of mass communication campaigns in the health field. 683 45

Systolic time intervals corrected for heart rate were measured non invasively in 12 male patients (32 to 59 years) with chronic calcifying pancreatitis of alcoholic origin and compared with 24 normal subjects without evidence for chronic alcoholism or heart disease. Systolic time intervals (in detail: the time from the beginning of QRS to the first heart sound (QS1), the isovolumic contraction time (IVCT), the total electromechanical systolic interval (QS2c), the pre-ejection period (PEPc), the left ventricular ejection time (LVETc) and the ratio PEPc/LVETc) in patients with chronic calcifying pancreatitis were not different when compared with healthy man. Therefore we conclude, that the amount of alcohol that induced a chronic calcifying pancreatitis was not able to alter systolic time intervals as seen in an alcoholic cardiomyopathy.
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PMID:[Systolic time intervals in chronic calcifying pancreatitis caused by alcohol abuse]. 686 22

Traffic accidents (TA) are, after heart disease, cancer and stroke, the fourth death cause among the general population. Although the number of AT caused by diseases-excluding alcoholism- seems to be reduced, interaction between organic pathology and functional ability increases the importance of this problem. This paper revises the literature on the relation between AT and specific neurological diseases: epilepsy, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (SAS), stroke, dementia and Parkinson disease. Also, the problems and the role of the neurologist in assessing driving ability in patients with brain damage is analyzed, with special reference to the legal condition in Spain. The insufficiency of diagnostic labels as predictors of driving ability is stressed; the group of patients affected by these pathologies does not present greater TA risk than young drivers twice that of the general population. In the cases of epilepsy, SAS and ECV, which can cause episodic driving inability, defining recurrence probabilities and finding regulation formulas is the task of clinical epidemiologists and the regulative authorities. In the case of dementia, Parkinson disease and ECV, causing psychomotor performance deterioration, the basic problem, complicated by the presence of comorbility in these patients, is the development of valid clinical scales for driving ability assessment. The regulative authorities need simple measures which are often difficult to develop. Meanwhile, it is the task of the neurologist, as part of the therapeutic intervention during the medical encounter, to discuss driving risks with each patient.
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PMID:[Neurological diseases and driving]. 749 90

We report the first known case of native valve endocarditis due to Corynebacterium striatum and review 51 previously reported cases of native valve endocarditis due to non-diphtheriae corynebacteria. Of the 52 patients with corynebacterial endocarditis, 11 (21%) had no predisposing conditions and 27 (52%) had structural heart disease; endocarditis in the remaining 14 patients (27%) was associated with noncardiac predisposing factors including injection drug use, chronic hemodialysis, vasculitis, alcoholism, liver transplantation and hemodialysis, a peritoneovenous shunt, and prior aspiration of a noninfected bursa. The mortality rate associated with corynebacterial endocarditis was 31%. The majority of corynebacteria in this series were sensitive to penicillin, erythromycin, gentamicin, and vancomycin. Non-diphtheriae corynebacteria are capable of producing acute valvular damage, even in patients without conditions that are predisposing for endocarditis. The occurrence of bacteremia due to non-diphtheriae corynebacteria in the appropriate clinical setting should alert physicians to the possible diagnosis of endocarditis. Empirical antibiotic therapy with vancomycin, with or without an aminoglycoside, should be initiated pending antibiotic susceptibility testing.
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PMID:Native valve endocarditis due to Corynebacterium striatum: case report and review. 757 55

In recent years health professionals have been concerned about the health of aborigines which has been neglected for a long time. Health disparities are known to exist among aborigines and non-aborigines in the United States or other countries. In Taiwan, there are nine main aboriginal tribes consisting of approximately 330,000 people. In general, their health status, evaluated by life expectancy, mortality rates and the prevalence and incidence of various diseases amongst them, is worse than amongst the rest of the Taiwanese (general) population. Current investigations indicate that life expectancy for aborigines is on average 10 years less than that of the general population; 12.5 years less for men, 6 years less for women; approaching a standardized mortality ratio of 2 fold, that is 2.1 fold in men, 1.7 fold in women. Accidental injures, suicide, tuberculosis, liver cirrhosis, alcoholism, pneumonia, bronchitis, parasite infections are the most important sources of diseases. Hypertension, heart disease, some selected sites of cancer, nutrition and lack of adaptation are gradually becoming important new sources of disorders. Although aboriginal health has improved over the decades, the author estimates that their overall health status is 25-30 years behind that of the general population or of off-shore islanders. The extent of their development varies with tribes. It is necessary to study the cause of why aborigines die so young. It may be due to insufficient medical care for heart disease whose prevalence is relatively low among aborigines but resultant mortality is nevertheless high. However, insufficient medical care cannot explain the high incidence of a number of cancers and resultant mortality. All factors relating to the environment, agents, hosts and diseases should be taken into consideration, such culture, transportation, life style, health behavior etc, and compared to those of non-aborigines. A series of studies are proposed to address the specific, multi-dimensional health demands of the aborigines. The author suggests the development of prevention and intervention strategies designed to overcome difficulties and barriers to eliminate these disparities among the people of Taiwan.
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PMID:[Issues on aboriginal health in Taiwan]. 808 70

DiGeorge Syndrome is a congenital immunodeficiency characterized clinically by hypocalcemic tetany, congenital heart disease, unusual facies, and increased susceptibility to infection. Pathologically, the syndrome is marked by the abscence or hipoplasia of the thymus and parathyroid glands as well as cardiac or aortic arch abnormalities. Most patients show partial or complete T cell immunodeficiency and normal or near-normal B-cell immunity. A review is made on a clinical case of DiGeorge syndrome is presented. A 52 days old boy, was admitted through emergency. There was no familial evidence of alcoholism or immunodeficiency. He showed irritability due to hypocalcemia. The examination revealed facial and cardiovascular abnormalities and the immunological investigation revealed hypogammaglobulinemia, deficiency of the cell, CD4 and CD8 decreased and with inverted relation. Chest X ray showed cardiomegaly grade II, and no thymus was seen. The diagnosis of the complete DiGeorge syndrome was based on the abnormalities found.
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PMID:[Immunogenetic study in a case of DiGeorge syndrome]. 929 18

The causes of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) are multiple, involving many different factors. Studies in humans and animals have shown that the maternal environment is the most important determinant of newborn weight, accounting for more similarity in birth weights of siblings than does genetic affinity. In addition to a direct relationship with the degree of maternal plasma volume expansion, many clinical factors are associated with IUGR. These factors include multiple gestation; fetal, genetic, and chromosomal anomalies (Down's syndrome and Turner's syndrome); infections such as TORCH syndrome (acronym for toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalic disease, and herpes); and various maternal disorders including anemia, severe chronic asthma, chronic renal disease, heart disease and hypertension. Maternal stress factors, including narcotic addiction, cigarette smoking and chronic alcoholism, are associated with IUGR. Placental anomalies including hemangiomas, placental infarcts, single umbilical artery, and small placental size are also associated with intrauterine growth retardation. Poor nutritional status of the mother at conception and inadequate energy and protein intakes during pregnancy can also result in IUGR. Because IUGR children are not a homogeneous group, they have a broad spectrum of growth, health, and developmental outcomes. In general they have higher rates of subnormal growth, morbidity, and neurodevelopmental problems. The biomedical mechanisms reflected in nutritional, infection-related, hormonal, and metabolic parameters are not likely to be independent causative factors of IUGR, but important mediating factors of a pathologic process set in motion by other agents and insults. This paper focuses mainly on the possible negative effects that a deficient maternal diet might have on fetal development and growth.
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PMID:Biological mechanisms of environmentally induced causes of IUGR. 951 Oct 16


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