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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Magnetic resonance imaging has become increasingly useful in the assessment of pediatric congenital heart disease. Spin-echo, gradient-echo, and cine techniques allow for both anatomic and functional cardiac assessment. MR imaging has proven most valuable in assessing complex heart disease and in visualizing areas that are sometimes poorly seen on echocardiographic studies. In particular, the anatomy of the aorta, central pulmonary arteries, and veins are usually well defined on MR imaging. Duplex and color Doppler sonography have become indispensable for evaluating the major vessels of the abdomen. The presence of clot, and quantity and quality of vascular flow as well as changes over time and response to therapy are readily assessed. Pulmonary sequestration is just one example of the burgeoning utility of duplex and color Doppler sonography in evaluating abdominal, mediastinal, and juxta-diaphragmatic masses. Sonography shows promise as a simple and accurate method for rapidly identifying the aberrant systemic blood supply in suspected cases of sequestered lung.
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PMID:Imaging of the pediatric cardiovascular system. 175 2

Magnetic resonance is a new method of imaging which is completely non-invasive and is being increasingly applied to the study of the heart. Spin echo images using cardiac gated acquisition have the advantage that moving blood has no signal giving excellent contrast compared to the surrounding soft tissues. Images can be acquired in orthogonal or oblique planes, and up to 16 can be produced within 3 to 4 minutes depending on heart rate. Useful information can be obtained in a variety of conditions including lesions of the myocardium, aorta and pericardium, the detection of tumours and thrombus and the complete display of anatomy in patients with congenital heart disease, both pre- and postoperatively. Although its place in the investigation of heart disease is still being established, already it can be regarded as an imaging technique complementary to echocardiography, which has partially replaced diagnostic invasive angiography and may eventually replace it completely.
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PMID:Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Anatomical display using spin echo images. 269 20

MRI has shown promise for the evaluation of various congenital heart lesions. The current study was designed to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the technique for the evaluation of all major anatomic elements of the heart affected in simple and complex congenital heart disease. MR images of 51 patients (31 males and 20 females, ages 3 to 69 years) with a total of 110 congenital heart lesions were reviewed by a panel of two cardiac radiologists and one pediatric cardiologist, who assessed the cardiac pathoanatomy without knowledge of clinical details and assigned a confidence level to each diagnosis. The true diagnosis was established independently by the findings of angiocardiography and catheterization as well as by surgery, where applicable. ROC curves were generated from the responses, and the sensitivity at a specificity level of 90% was determined. MRI was shown to have a high sensitivity in evaluating great vessel relationships (100%), thoracic aorta abnormalities (94%), ASDs (91%) and VSDs (100%), visceroatrial situs (100%), and loop (100%). Three of five anomalies of the pulmonary and systemic veins were diagnosed by MRI. Right ventricular outflow obstructions (95%) were detected with a much higher sensitivity than lesions of the other valves (aortic valve 52%, mitral valve 62%, tricuspid valve 76%). Spin-echo MRI is a sensitive and specific method for the noninvasive assessment of congenital heart disease, with limitations in the evaluation of some valvular anomalies.
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PMID:Magnetic resonance imaging of congenital heart disease: sensitivity and specificity using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. 274 81

MRI is an effective tool in the evaluation of cardiovascular diseases. With continued improvements in MR angiography, velocity mapping, myocardial tagging, imaging speed and display, it is anticipated that MRI will play an ever-increasing role in the morphological evaluation of many cardiovascular anomalies. The need for quantification in cardiology has led to the development of a variety of techniques to assess cardiac size and function. In attempting to answer these clinical questions, MRI provides major advantages several: extraordinary flexibility, powerful contrast mechanisms, sensitivity to flow and motion, and freedom from ionizing radiation, contrast agent and acoustic windows. Because of accurate initial results in quantifying cardiac chamber size, global and segmental function, it is likely that MRI methods will play an increasing role in the evaluation of cardiac structure and function. Recently, MRI has emerged as an important tool in the evaluation of great vessel disease, particularly in the evaluation of both congenital and acquired abnormalities of the aorta. Early evidence suggests that magnetic resonance may help in distinguishing constrictive pericarditis from restrictive cardiomyopathy (e.g., amyloid heart disease). Cardiac-MRI lends itself to assessment of intracardiac masses. Spin-echo imaging alone is often sufficient for diagnosis. Cine-MRI has important additive value, however, when a mass lesion shows dynamic motion, or when abnormal flow patterns in conjunction with a mass lesion require evaluation.
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PMID:[MRI in cardiology: clinical applications and perspectives]. 763 16

The justification of examinations by magnetic resonance and the results of visualization of cardiac and vascular structures in relation to the performed surgical operation were evaluated retrospectively in 24 children after surgery of congenital heart disease. Thirteen patients had an operation of coarctation or a double aortic arch and four had an operation of an anomaly of the branch of the pulmonary artery-its loop or atresia. Seven patients had operations, mostly complicated inborn heart disease, of the common arterial trunk and transposition of the large arteries with a conduit, tricuspidal atresia after Fontan's or Glenn's modified operation and ligature of an aortal aneurysm. At the time of examination the patients were 4 to 18 years old. Spin echo sequences obtained by basic reconstructions of T1 and possibly T2 weighted images on a 1.5 T Magnetom apparatus Siemens proved an excellent visualization in the area of the large arteries and the capacity of detailed visualization of cardiac structures, incl. changes of the vascular wall in relation to the performed operation. Magnetic resonance examinations provided accurate information on central anastomoses and conduits as well as on changes of the vascular lumen. The investigation confirmed that magnetic resonance is suitable for visualization of postoperative changes and findings of morphological structures in particular at sites of cardiovascular anastomoses where magnetic resonance supplements the visualization capacity of echocardiography and substitutes invasive examinations where only an angiographic examination is needed. In eight instances the examination was supplemented by invasive assessment of haemodynamic conditions.
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PMID:[Magnetic resonance imaging of the postoperative status in children with congenital heart defects]. 829 90

Spin echo and gradient reversal MR imaging techniques provide a noninvasive means of analyzing the state of ventricular myocardium in patients with atherosclerotic and valvular heart disease. Local ischemic changes are manifested on spin echo MR examination as loci of increased signal intensity, most likely representing accumulation of local myocardial edema. Administration of intravenous paramagnetic contrast material further enhances local changes, increasing the sensitivity of MR methods for detecting such change. Application of spin echo and gradient reversal techniques also provides direct demonstration of morphologic changes in chamber volume and myocardial wall thickness and thickening, the sequelae of ischemic and acquired valvular heart disease, as well as direct demonstration of abnormal blood flow across diseased valves. Newer methods of analysis of these flow abnormalities provide information concerning pressure gradients across stenotic valves and regurgitant fractions across insufficient valves. Thus, application of MR imaging techniques provides clinically relevant information needed by referring clinicians for the management of patients with acquired heart disease.
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PMID:MR imaging of acquired heart disease. 872 65

The ability of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to depict cardiovascular structures is especially useful in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). While MR imaging techniques that focus on cardiac function or blood flow have not been used frequently in the evaluation of CHD, MR imaging has been useful in morphologic diagnosis of CHD. Spin-echo MR imaging can depict relevant morphologic features of most types of CHD. MR imaging provides important diagnostic information in evaluation of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (eg, pulmonary atresia), postoperative status, pulmonary venous anomalies, and complex ventricular anomalies. MR imaging can replace angiography in some situations, including evaluation of simple defects, right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, and postoperative status. MR imaging is the modality of choice in evaluation of aortic coarctation, interrupted aortic arch, and hemitruncus. MR images in three orthogonal planes are useful in analyzing the morphology and arrangement of cardiac segments in univentricular heart, criss-cross heart, and abnormal visceroatrial situs.
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PMID:MR imaging in the morphologic diagnosis of congenital heart disease. 908 81

In the last four decades the survival of patients with corrected or palliated congenital heart disease has increased dramatically. However, post-operative abnormalities frequently occur and therefore a noninvasive imaging tool is mandatory for the timely detection of morphological as well as functional abnormalities. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is ideally suited for the noninvasive diagnosis and post-operative follow-up of congenital heart disease. Spin-echo MRI is able to visualize structures that may be difficult to assess with other noninvasive image modalities and is sensitive in the detection of post-interventional stenoses or aneurysms. Because the function of the ventricles may deteriorate over time after correction or palliation of a congenital cardiac malformation, the use of gradient-echo MRI is essential in the follow-up after correction or palliation, as no other conventional technique allows such detailed evaluation of ventricular function, without geometrical assumptions. Phase-contrast MRI is well suited to assess valvular function, allowing accurate measurement of regurgitation or stenosis. Shunt quantification is another application of phase-contrast MRI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 1999;10:656-666.
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PMID:Postoperative evaluation of congenital heart disease by magnetic resonance imaging. 1054 73