Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The data of 140 patients with polycythemia vera during the period 1955--1975 were analyzed with regard to clinical signs and prognosis. The average age was 53,4 years. The sex ratio was 1.9:1 in favor of men. The most frequent symptoms were headache and vertigo. In more than half of the cases hepatosplenomegaly and hypertension were found. Besides typical changes in the blood count with elevated erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, leukocytes and thrombocytes, increased levels of alkaline leukocyte phosphatase and uric acid were found. As to therapy, after 32P-medication the survival was two years longer than after phlebotomy. In 9 patients osteomyelofibrosis developed, and in 7 cases chronic myeloic leukemia. The mean age of death was 61 years.
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PMID:[Polycythemia vera, clinical aspects and disease course]. 64 97

A case of essential thrombocythemia (ET) associated with subdural hematoma and postoperative intracerebral hemorrhage was reported. A 57-year-old man had complained headache in the morning. Six hours later he was found unconsciousness and soon he was brought to our hospital. On admission he was comatose. There was no evidences of head injury and the X-rays were normal. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed an acute subdural hematoma over the left temporoparietal region. Laboratory data revealed thrombocytosis of 85.7 x 10(4)/mm3 with increased red and white blood cell counts. Emergent right craniotomy was performed and a subdural clot was evacuated. Neither cortical damage nor vascular malformations were seen on the cortical surface. But a spurting cortical artery with a pin-hole could be seen. A postoperative CT scan revealed an intracerebral hemorrhage deep in the right hemisphere. Cerebral angiograms revealed no vascular anomalies. Postoperatively, the platelet count remained high and laboratory data including bone marrow finding, neutrophil alkali-phosphatase score and chromosome analysis were consistent with the diagnosis of essential thrombocythemia. The mechanisms of subdural hematoma formation and postoperative intracerebral hemorrhage associated with essential thrombocythemia were discussed.
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PMID:[Essential thrombocythemia associated with subdural hematoma and postoperative intracerebral hemorrhage--a case report]. 271 68

In 67 patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA) and 133 control patients, the value of eight clinical parameters and five laboratory findings for the diagnosis of GCA was analyzed. Out of the clinical parameters characteristic for GCA, headaches, visual disturbance, pains of the shoulder or hip regions and fever were of diagnostic value. Of the laboratory findings, only the BSR was of diagnostic value. Inappetence, exhaustion and fatigue, although characteristic of GCA, as well as blood count, alpha-globulins, CRP and alkaline serum phosphatase were of no value in differentiating between GCA and other diseases. Each of the valuable parameters increased the probability of diagnosing GCA from 33% (incidence of GCA in our patients) up to between 48% and 52%. The simultaneous evaluation of several parameters elevated the probability of diagnosing GCA to up to 88%. These results provide a basis for a rational decision in favor of or against biopsy of the temporal artery. In the case of a negative histology, they help to decide in favor of or against long term corticoid therapy.
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PMID:[The value of anamnesis, clinical findings and laboratory parameters in the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis]. 323 46

Two patients with parenchymal brain metastases from adenocarcinoma of the prostate (CaP) are presented. Both patients had the diagnosis made antemortem by biopsy, and tumor immunoreactivity for prostatic phosphatase and prostate specific antigen confirmed prostatic origin. Brain metastases from prostatic adenocarcinoma are unusual, occurring in only 0.2 per cent of all patients with CaP. Patients present with symptoms of motor dysfunction, headache, and seizures. The mean age at presentation of brain metastases from CaP is fifty-nine years old, which is younger than most patients with CaP. The majority of patients die within weeks after diagnosis. Craniotomy with tumor debulking, radiation therapy, and androgen deprivation may be useful in prolonging survival. All reported cases of CaP metastatic to brain have been histologically moderately differentiated or poorly differentiated. The periprostatic venous plexus is considered the most likely route of tumor spread to the brain.
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PMID:Parenchymal brain metastases from adenocarcinoma of prostate. 376 36

The effects and side effects of 500 mg of etofibrate retard were comared with those of 100 mg t.i.d. of procetofene and of 200 mg t.i.d. of bezafibrate in two different studies in 60 and 63 outpatients respectively. In types IIa, IIb and IV hyperlipoproteinaemia cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were affected markedly stronger by procetofene and bezafibrate than by etofibrate retard. This impact was not only superior in its quantity by also in its proportion of responding patients. Side effects were a flush under etofibrate retard and gastric discomfort, headache and nausea in about 5% under all three drugs. Etofibrate retard did not give significant changes in the laboratory parameters while procetofene and bezafibrate slightly increased transaminases and creatinine. Alcaline phosphatase and GT were significantly lowered. Uric acid decreased under procetofene and increased under bezafibrate.
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PMID:The effect of etofibrate retard, bezafibrate and procetofen. 745 77

Analysis of literature and the authors' own data suggest that laser-induced occupational disease may be diagnosed in following disorders on the part of: vision--deterioration of light and colour perception, pain and feeling of burning in the eyes; central nervous system--vegetative dysfunction, hypo- or hypertonic neuro-asthenic syndrome manifesting in weakness and fatiguability; cardiovascular system--cardialgias, hypo- or hypertonic neurocirculatory dystonia, hypertonic disease, general weakness, headache; blood--reticulocytosis; enzymes--increase of base phosphatase activity in blood. The whole complex of aforementioned disorders is quite rate (1.5-2% of cases). As a rule, only some of them are evident while sight disorders, vegetative dysfunction and increased activity of base phosphatase predominate.
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PMID:[The clinico-hygienic and experimental validation of the nosology of laser-induced disease]. 807 24

We have investigated the regulation of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) release from trigeminal neurons by the serotonergic antimigraine drug sumatriptan. Serum levels of the neuropeptide CGRP are elevated during migraine. Treatment with the drug sumatriptan returns CGRP levels to normal coincident with the alleviation of headache. However, despite this clinical efficacy, the cellular target and mechanism of sumatriptan action are not well understood beyond the pharmacology of its recognition of the 5-HT1 class of serotonin receptors. We have used cultured trigeminal neurons to demonstrate that sumatriptan can directly repress CGRP secretion from sensory neurons. The stimulated secretion in response to depolarization or inflammatory agents was inhibited, but not the basal secretion rate. Unexpectedly, sumatriptan did not lower cAMP levels, in contrast to the classical role ascribed to the 5-HT1 receptors. Instead, activation of 5-HT1 receptors caused a slow and remarkably prolonged increase in intracellular calcium. The inhibition of CGRP secretion is attenuated by the phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid, suggesting that sumatriptan action is mediated by calcium-recruited phosphatases. These results suggest that 5-HT1 agonists may block a deleterious feedback loop in migraine at the trigeminal neurons and provide a general mechanism by which this class of drugs can attenuate stimulated neuropeptide release.
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PMID:Regulation of calcitonin gene-related peptide secretion by a serotonergic antimigraine drug. 1021 2

The pharmacological treatment of obesity should be considered when cannot be achieved a 10% weight loss with diet therapy and physical activity. The drugs effective in obesity treatment may act by different mechanisms such as reduction in food intake, inhibition of fat absorption, increase of thermogenesis and stimulation of adipocyte apoptosis. At present, we only have two marketed drugs for obesity treatment. Sibutramine is an inhibitor of norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonina reuptake which inhibits food intake and increases thermogenesis. Sibutramine administration for a year can induce a weight loss of 4-7%. Its main side effects are hypertension, headache, insomnia and constipation. Orlistat is an inhibitor of pancreatic lipase which is able to block the absorption of 30% of ingested fat. Its administration induces weight loss and reduction of ulterior weight regain. Also, this drug improves hypertension dyslipdaemia and helps to prevent diabetes in 52% of cases when administered over four years. The increase in frequency of stools and interference with vitamin absorption are its main side effects. Glucagon-like peptide 1, which increases insulin sensitivity and satiety, adiponectin and PPAR-gamma agonists which reduce insulin resistance and modulates adipocyte generation are the basis for future therapeutic approaches of obesity. Phosphatase inhibitors induce PPAR-gamma phosphorylation and UCP-1 expression leading to an increase in thermogenesis and reduction in appetite.
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PMID:[Pharmacological treatment of obesity]. 1538 15

Expression of the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in trigeminal ganglion is implicated in neurovascular headaches and temporomandibular joint disorders. Elevation of cytokines contributes to the pathology of these diseases. However, a connection between cytokines and CGRP gene expression in trigeminal ganglion nerves has not been established. We have focused on the effects of the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). TNFR1 receptors were found on the majority of CGRP-containing rat trigeminal ganglion neurons. Treatment of cultures with TNF-alpha stimulated CGRP secretion. In addition, the intracellular signaling intermediate from the TNFR1 receptor, ceramide, caused a similar increase in CGRP release. TNF-alpha caused a coordinate increase in CGRP promoter activity. TNF-alpha treatment activated the transcription factor NF-kappaB, as well as the Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways. The importance of TNF-alpha induction of MAP kinase pathways was demonstrated by inhibiting MAP kinases with pharmacological reagents and gene transfer with an adenoviral vector encoding MAP kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1). We propose that selective and regulated inhibition of MAP kinases in trigeminal neurons may be therapeutically beneficial for inflammatory disorders involving elevated CGRP levels.
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PMID:Tumor necrosis factor-alpha stimulation of calcitonin gene-related peptide expression and secretion from rat trigeminal ganglion neurons. 1627 6

Migraine is periodical disorder which is characterized by recurrent headache seizures different in intensity, frequency and duration. Amylases L-1,4 glycol: gluckanohidrolises, (EC.3.2.1.1) are enzymes from hydrolase's group which dissolve starch meaning glycogen. Activity of amylases in serum grows: at acute pancreatitis, at carcinoma of pancreas, heavy necroses of pancreas. Total number of examinees was 92 out of which 45 were male (48.9 %) and 47 female or 51.1 %. Average age of the examines was 42.9. Neuroticism scale which was tested by Cornell scale was 55,03. Out of the total number of examinees 30 or 32,6 were non-smokers while 62 or 67,4 % smoked regularly. The aim of this work is to perform hematological-biochemical test of blood in patients with migraine. In the beginning of this research it was planned for all the patients to have hematological blood test done (sedimentation of erythrocytes, trombocytes, complete blood test and differential blood test) and biochemical blood test (hepatogram, transamynase, amylase, Lactal dehydrogenase, Alkalic phosphatase, ferrum in serum, Glucose, Cholesterol, Calcium and Phosphorus in serum. After reviewing the received values of hematological and biochemical tests, all values were within the borders of normal values. Amylases had higher values at 49 or 53,3 % of patients, and 43 or 46,7 % of patients had normal values of amylases. Normal values of amylases are to 220 U/l measured by I.F.C. at 37 degrees C. Medium value in tested group is 219.09. It means that every second examinee had increased values of amylase in blood; there is no statistics difference of amylase value between sexes.
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PMID:[Hematological-biochemical tests in patient with migraine]. 1642 33


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