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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Carbon monoxide poisoning causes tissue hypoxia because of reduced transfer and altered release of oxygen by hemoglobin. Considering many case histories, we realized that symptoms and clinical signs of acute poisoning are mostly neurologic: coma, headache, dizziness, vomiting. On the contrary, it seems that myocardium, the other organ which mostly requires O2, is attacked in a "silent way". ECG in 5 patients with accidental carbon monoxide poisoning underlined that cardiac rate increased (3 of them presented tachyarrhythmias by atrial fibrillation) and the presence of more or less important alteration of ventricular repolarization like "subendocardial lesion". Simple hyperbaric oxygen treatment determined the regression of the rhythm disorder and of the abnormalities of ventricular repolarization. The only patient who had not the restoration of sinus rhythm had chronic atrial fibrillation.
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PMID:[Cardiologic aspects of carbon monoxide poisoning]. 275 46

The safety of terazosin, an effective agent for the treatment of hypertension, was assessed by analyzing data from 1,006 hypertensive patients who were enrolled in short-term and/or long-term studies. The total experience with terazosin in this article represents 422.5 patient-years. Changes in pulse rate measurements from pretreatment to posttreatment were not significantly different between the terazosin- and placebo-treated patients (-1.0 beat per minute for the terazosin group and -1.0 beat per minute for the placebo group, in the supine position). Dizziness, headache, and asthenia were the most commonly reported adverse experiences among all terazosin-treated patients, although the incidence of headache in placebo-controlled trials was not significantly different between the terazosin and placebo groups. As a whole, patients receiving terazosin had a tendency to gain small amounts of weight (2 pounds). In addition, there was a trend for slight decreases in hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell count, total protein, and albumin levels in those patients who received terazosin, suggesting hemodilution. Overall, terazosin was shown to be safe in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension.
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PMID:Overall safety of terazosin as an antihypertensive agent. 287 12

From March to August 1984, 26 patients with hereditary hemolytic anemia in northeastern Ohio developed acute, profound red cell aplasia. The patients included 14 males and 12 females 2 to 23 years old, with sickle cell anemia (20 cases), hemoglobin SC-disease (4 cases), sickle-beta-thalassemia (1 case), or hereditary spherocytosis (1 case). All had an acute onset of severe reticulocytopenia and anemia and prodromal symptoms of illness including fever, abdominal symptoms, headache, and arthralgias. Twenty-two received transfusions. Reticulocytosis occurred spontaneously within 2 to 14 days of presentation. In five acute-phase sera, 10(8) to 10(12) viral particles/mL were detected by electron microscopy. Human parvovirus B19 DNA was demonstrated in high concentration by hybridization in the same five acute-phase sera and in low concentration in sera of eight additional patients. The five highly viremic sera inhibited erythroid colony formation in vitro. B19-specific IgM was detected in sera of 24/26 patients, and B19-specific IgG in 21 of 22 patients tested. Our results indicate that human parvovirus B19 was the etiologic agent in this large epidemic of life-threatening acute red cell aplasia in patients with hereditary hemolytic anemia.
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PMID:Human parvovirus B19-induced epidemic acute red cell aplasia in patients with hereditary hemolytic anemia. 300 91

We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of oral azidothymidine (AZT) in 282 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex. Although significant clinical benefit was documented (N Engl J Med 1987; 317:185-91), serious adverse reactions, particularly bone marrow suppression, were observed. Nausea, myalgia, insomnia, and severe headaches were reported more frequently by recipients of AZT; macrocytosis developed within weeks in most of the AZT group. Anemia with hemoglobin levels below 7.5 g per deciliter developed in 24 percent of AZT recipients and 4 percent of placebo recipients (P less than 0.001). Twenty-one percent of AZT recipients and 4 percent of placebo recipients required multiple red-cell transfusions (P less than 0.001). Neutropenia (less than 500 cells per cubic millimeter) occurred in 16 percent of AZT recipients, as compared with 2 percent of placebo recipients (P less than 0.001). Subjects who entered the study with low CD4 lymphocyte counts, low serum vitamin B12 levels, anemia, or low neutrophil counts were more likely to have hematologic toxic effects. Concurrent use of acetaminophen was also associated with a higher frequency of hematologic toxicity. Although a subset of patients tolerated AZT for an extended period with few toxic effects, the drug should be administered with caution because of its toxicity and the limited experience with it to date.
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PMID:The toxicity of azidothymidine (AZT) in the treatment of patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. 329 90

An IUD placed in the uterine cavity that secretes levonorgestrel (LNG) at the rate of 20 mcg a day has been studied over the course of 14 years. In this contraceptive around a Nova T stem, covered with a silicon membrane. 20 mcg levonorgestrel is sufficient to produce 10 mcg, even after 5 years duration. During its use the duration and amount of menstruation decreases significantly. Therefore, blood hemoglobin and iron content is decreased. In spite of the amenorrhea, studies have shown that production of estrogen and ovary function have been normal. Both fertility and menstruation return quickly after the contraceptive is removed, generally after five years of use. The LNG device has proven very reliable. The pregnancy index during the five years of study was 0.4, and at least some of the pregnancies were caused by spontaneous expulsion of the contraceptive. If the menstrual flow returns to normal, there is reason to suspect that the IUD has come out. Headaches and acne are listed as common side effects associated with this method. It is mostly recommended for women over 30 who are in stable relationships and who want their fertility to return. LNG prevention does not protect against infections. Therefore, education is important for successful use of this method.
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PMID:[Hormonal coils]. 333 Nov 47

In 74 patients with clonorchiasis, the efficacy and safety of praziquantel was evaluated in a two-phase study: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial of praziquantel versus placebo (42 patients) and an open study (32 patients). All but one of the patients were Laotians. The intensity of clonorchiasis was light in 85% (63 of 74) and moderate in 15% (11 of 74) of the patients. Cure based on our established criteria was noted in 67 of 67 patients (100%) treated with praziquantel at a dose of 75 mg/kg per day. In contrast, four patients (20%) in the placebo group, each with light infection, ceased passing eggs and were, according to our established protocol, considered spontaneous cures (P less than 0.0001). Adverse effects of praziquantel were transient and included nausea and vomiting (15%), vertigo (12%), hepatomegaly (4.5%), headache (1.5%), rash (1.5%), and hypotension (1.5%). Of 20 patients who received placebo, 1 (5%) developed transient skin rash, fever, and chills. Clinically minor and transient, but statistically significant, changes in hemoglobin, total protein in serum, and levels of uric acid, cholesterol, and bilirubin in serum were noted. Results of this study showed that praziquantel is safe, well tolerated, and effective and should be considered as the drug of choice for treatment of clonorchiasis. In moderate infections, a second course of praziquantel therapy may be necessary to eliminate infection.
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PMID:Clinical study evaluating efficacy of praziquantel in clonorchiasis. 355 27

The long-term tolerability and efficacy of indomethacin were evaluated in a retrospective study of 67 patients with moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, or ankylosing spondylitis who took the drug daily for periods ranging from three to 20 years. Only patients who had not experienced side effects during the first ten to 14 days of indomethacin therapy were included. No other anti-inflammatory agents were taken along with indomethacin. The average daily dosage ranged from 50 to 150 mg; for 81% of patients, the average daily dosage was 75 to 100 mg. Only nine (13%) of the 67 patients experienced side effects, all of which were transient and mild. Three patients had headache, five patients had gastrointestinal symptoms, and one patient had both gastrointestinal symptoms and headache. Repeated urinalyses did not reveal any significant abnormalities. There were no instances of leukopenia. A comparison of clinical and laboratory assessments at the initial and latest office visits indicated that signs of active inflammation had been well controlled by daily indomethacin therapy. Erythrocyte sedimentation rates were generally lower and hemoglobin values tended to be higher at the latest visit. Clinically, patients appeared to have benefited from the long-term administration of indomethacin with respect to both tolerability and efficacy.
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PMID:Tolerability and efficacy of long-term daily administration of indomethacin for moderate to severe chronic arthritic disorders. 373 Dec 10

Tiazofurin is a novel C-nucleoside with significant antitumor activity in murine tumor models. In a phase I clinical trial, patients received tiazofurin by bolus iv infusion daily for 5 days. Six doses ranging from 550 to 4100 mg/m2/day were evaluated. Thirty-one treatment courses were initiated in 21 patients. Tiazofurin induced multiple, transient toxic effects at all but the lowest dose level, and treatment interruption was a common result. Nine of 28 treatment courses initiated at doses greater than or equal to 1100 mg/m2/day were interrupted at less than 5 days; only five of eight courses initiated at 1100 mg/m2/day were completed. Symptoms leading to treatment interruption included headache, nausea and emesis, and lethargy and malaise. Other significant, transient toxic effects included skeletal muscle injury manifest as pain, weakness, or serum biochemical abnormalities; mucocutaneous effects; and mental or mood changes. One case each of transient pericarditis and fatal cardiomyopathy occurred at the highest dose. Myelosuppression was observed but was transient and not dose limiting. In addition to leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, unexpected declines in serum hemoglobin were observed, although these were of uncertain significance. Tiazofurin induced significant increases in uric acid production which could be reversed with coadministration of allopurinol. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed tiazofurin plasma elimination to be at least biphasic, with a beta-half-time of 4.2 hours; most of an injected dose could be recovered from the urine as unaltered compound within 24 hours. From this study we conclude that an appropriate dose for phase II trials with this schedule is less than or equal to 1000 mg/m2/day. The schedule may be a difficult one for clinical evaluation of antitumor activity, however, because of the possibility of frequent treatment interruption due to multiple systemic toxic effects.
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PMID:Phase I trial of tiazofurin administered by i.v. bolus daily for 5 days, with pharmacokinetic evaluation. 380 11

424 pregnant women seeking termination of 2nd trimester pregnancy had either PGF2alpha (290 women) or PGE2 (134 women) administration. Oxytocin was concomitantly administered as an intravenous infusion to 185 women. The patients were divided into 11 groups based on PG (prostaglandin) type and dose, route of PG administration, and oxytocin infusion (Table 1). Vital signs were monitored hourly and blood samples collected from most patients for analysis of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hemoglobin, blood leukocytes, and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase before induction, at or immediately after abortion, and 24-48 hours after abortion. Side effects reported included diarrhea, vomiting, headache, and vasovagal symptoms. Complications included bleeding of 500 ml or more; pelvic infection and cervical rupture. Intraamniotic administration of 50 mg PGF2a either alone or with supplemental intravenous oxytocin, and intraamniotic use of 10 mg of PGE2 supplemented with oxytocin provided the best results in terms of success rate (100%) and shortest induction-abortion interval (14.1 to 16.2 hours). Extraamniotic administration had success rates ranging from 83% to 90%, depending on frequency of PG application. Intravenous PG administration was associated with low efficacy and high frequency of side effects.
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PMID:Prostaglandin induction of 424 midtrimester abortions. 445 74

264 women (about 50% private patients), all less than 40 years old and none with history contraindicating oral contraception, were started on a regimen with Ovral (.5 mg norgestrel and .05 mg ethinyl estradiol). Medication started on Day 5 of a menstrual cycle. Then therapy followed a 3 weeks on, 7 days off schedule. Patients continued for 1-22 cycles (mean 7 cycles) for a total of 1918 cycles. Despite the omission of 42 doses by 32 patients, no pregnancies occurred. The percentages of cycles with average flow, spotting, breakthrough bleeding, and dysmenorrhea were 74.4, 2.5, .4, and .6, respectively. The incidence of amenorrhea, .2%, was spectacularly low in comparison with findings in other studies. Papanicolaou smears (483) were all normal (Class I or II). Morphologic changes seen at endometrial biopsy (61) were similar to those produced by other available progestogen-estrogen compounds. No significant variation from control findings (1878) were found in 1463 laboratory studies. The studies included leukocyte and differential counts (724), and determinations of hemoglobin and hematocrit (388), fasting blood sugar and blood urea nitrogen (114), bilirubin and liver function (61), and renal function (176). Minor symptoms (nausea, vomiting, headache, etc.) were few and disappeared after the first few cycles. The preparation suppresses ovulation (probably through action of the estrogen), probably alters the cervical mucus to inhibit sperm penetration, possibly interferes with nidation, and may interfere with follicular development.
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PMID:Norgestrel, a low dose, oral progestogen for fertility contro. Supplementary report. 564 94


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