Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Platelet serotonin (5-HT) concentrations in a headache-free period during the mid-follicular phase and the serotonin transporter gene regulatory region polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) were measured in female migraine patients without aura (n = 64) and healthy controls (n = 42). High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the platelet 5-HT concentration and genetic polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction. Significantly lower platelet 5-HT concentrations were found in migraine patients compared to controls. Concerning the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism, the S/S genotype was associated with a significantly higher platelet 5-HT concentration (P = 0.027) in the whole study population. This association between the 5-HTTLPR genotypes and platelet 5-HT concentrations was independent of the diagnosis. In addition, the platelet 5-HT concentration was lower in migraineurs in all genotypes (S/S, S/L, L/L). In conclusion, 5-HTTLPR variants may have an effect on the platelet 5-HT concentrations, but the lower 5-HT concentrations in migraine patients seem to be determined by other factors.
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PMID:Despite the general correlation of the serotonin transporter gene regulatory region polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and platelet serotonin concentration, lower platelet serotonin concentration in migraine patients is independent of the 5-HTTLPR variants. 1296 16

This report summarizes the secondary headache attributed to dental disease. Among a lot of dental diseases, the temporomandibular disorder(TMD) is the most important for understanding the mechanism of this type of headache. Our recent study showed that TMD patients had the following symptoms: dysdiadochokinesia, abnormal induced-rigidity in forearms, abnormal circadian rhythm, tension-type headache and mental torment. All these abnormal symptoms were relieved by the improvement of the patient's sleep-quality. The brain monoaminergic systems are known to be related to muscle tonus, sleep problems and mental symptoms. Our studies of a serotonin transporter(5-HTT) gene promoter polymorphism showed that the L and XL alleles were more frequent and S allele was less frequent in the TMD compared to the controls. We speculate the brain monoaminergic systems play the important pathophysiological roles on the TMD.
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PMID:[The secondary headache in dentistry]. 1621 90

In the present work, we report that the functional serotonin transporter gene promoter (5-HTTLPR) polymorphism is involved in migraine pathogenesis. The distribution of 5-HTTLPR genotypes was significantly different in MA patients (S/S vs. S/L vs. L/L=32.7 vs. 42.3 vs. 25.0%), MO patients (18.5 vs. 39.1 vs. 42.4%) and CON (18.0 vs. 51.3 vs. 30.7%; chi-square test, p<0.05). In 5-HTTLPR S/S carriers, the odds ratio for MA risk was 2.60 (95% confidence interval [95%CI]=1.75-3.85) compared to CON, and it was 2.14 (95%CI=1.42-3.21) compared to MO. These data provide a further insight on the complex genotype-phenotype relationship involved in MA pathogenesis, and might eventually result in new and individualised prognostic and therapeutic measures.
J Headache Pain 2005 Sep
PMID:Functional serotonin 5-HTTLPR polymorphism is a risk factor for migraine with aura. 1636 58

Genetic epidemiological twin studies have demonstrated a significant heritability for migraine, with > 60% of liability to migraine either with or without aura coming from additive genetic factors. Because of the essential role of serotonin in the pathophysiology and treatment of migraine, genes of the serotonin system are candidates for involvement in migraine. Consequently, we examined two functional VNTR polymorphisms in the serotonin transporter gene, the 5-HTTLPR and the intron 2 VNTR, in a sample of 212 family trios each with a proband with childhood migraine, 153 with migraine without aura (MoA) and 59 with migraine with aura (MA). For the first time, we used transmission disequilibrium test analysis with the program TDTPHASE to examine the transmission of these two markers and their haplotypes to offspring affected by migraine. We found no significant transmission distortion of any marker, with the common L allele of the 5-HTTLPR transmitted 170 times and not transmitted 178 times, and the S allele 130 vs. 122 times. Likewise, the common 12 allele of the intron 2 VNTR was transmitted 201 times and not transmitted 188 times, and the 10 allele 107 vs. 120 times. The markers were not associated with MoA and MA and none of the haplotypes was associated with overall migraine, MoA or MA. The 5-HTTLPR and the intron 2 VNTRs do not play a major role in susceptibility to migraine.
Cephalalgia 2007 Jul
PMID:Family-based analysis of serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms in migraine with and without aura. 1759 58

Several studies and meta-analyses have implicated a polymorphism in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene, 5-HTTLPR in treatment outcomes of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors in patients with major depression. In this study we investigated the impact of 5-HTTLPR and a functional SNP rs25531 on the treatment outcomes to escitalopram in depressive patients. The study sample consisted of 135 outpatients with major depressive disorder (mean age 31.1+/-11.6 years, 68% females) treated with escitalopram 10-20 mg/day for 12 weeks. There were no significant associations between 5-HTT promoter region polymorphisms and response rate or mean change of depressive symptoms during escitalopram treatment. However we showed that patients carrying S allele of 5-HTTLPR may have increased risk for some side effects, including headache, induced by escitalopram medication.
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PMID:Serotonin transporter promoter region polymorphisms do not influence treatment response to escitalopram in patients with major depression. 1927 58

The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistic Manual (DSM-5) reclassified some mental disorders recently. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is in a new section termed "trauma- and stressor-related disorder". Community-based studies have shown that PTSD is associated with a notably high suicidal risk. In addition to previous findings of comorbidity between chronic daily headache (CDH) and both depressive disorders and anxiety disorders, recent data suggest that frequency of childhood maltreatment, PTSD, and suicidality are also increased in CDH. CDH patients with migraine aura are especially at risk of suicidal ideation. Research suggests that migraine attack, aura, frequency, and chronicity may all be related to serotonergic dysfunction. Vulnerability to PTSD and suicidality are also linked to brain serotonin function, including polymorphisms in the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR). In the present review, we focus on recent advances in knowledge of traumatic experiences in childhood, PTSD, and suicidality in relation to migraine and CDH. We hypothesize that vulnerability to PTSD is associated with migraine attack, migraine aura, and CDH. We further postulate that these associations may explain some of the elevated suicidal risks among patients with migraine, migraine aura, and/or CDH. Field studies are required to support these hypotheses.
Curr Pain Headache Rep 2014 Apr
PMID:Psychiatric comorbidity of chronic daily headache: focus on traumatic experiences in childhood, post-traumatic stress disorder and suicidality. 2453 29

Depression symptoms resulting from cognitive function impairment are emphasized by both DSM-5 and ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder and depressive episodes. Nonetheless, the role of cognitive dysfunctions seem to remain underestimated in case of depressive disorders, thus they are rarely perceived as therapeutic target. Vortioxetine is a relatively new, multi-functional agent. With its unique properties and strong affinity towards serotonin transporter (5-HTT), vortioxetine is a modulator and stimulator of serotonergic transmission. Vortioxetine is an antidepressant drug suitable for therapy in various types of depression: severe, anxiety-associated, and of elders. It acts equally strong as SNRIs or agomelatine and has favorable effects on cognitive functioning. Although vortioxetine has not undergone comprehensive preclinical testing, the available data indicate that this particular agent may be more advantageous in terms of its procognitive effects, as compared to other drugs - which often seemed to be analogous in preclinical and clinical testing. In vitro examination of hippocampal pyramidal cells revealed that vortioxetine improves both synaptic transmission and neuroplasticity responsible for memory and learning patterns. Contrary to fluoxetine, the long-term treatment with use of vortioxetine on mice resulted in enhanced visual and spatial memory, along with reduced occurrence of typical depressive behavior. In addition, vortioxetine is a very first drug efficiently augmenting cognitive function in adults diagnosed with severe depressive episode, irrespective of its curative potential on the affective sphere. It may exert even stronger direct effect (assessed with DSST) on cognitive functions than duloxetine. With its supplementary capacity of acting directly on several subtypes of serotonin receptors, vortioxetine is certainly more than just a SSRI. It has been proved that it is as effective as venlafaxine and more efficient than agomelatine in MDD treatment, additionally exerting procognitive effects. In addition, vortioxetine may be beneficial in overcoming sexual dysfunction in patients, who have been suffering from such condition as a result of treatment with other antidepressant agents. The drug is generally well tolerated with the most prevalent side effects being mild to moderate nausea along with (mostly transient) headaches. Vortioxetine may significantly improve the quality of life in patients suffering from depression.
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PMID:VORTIOXETINE - THE NEW ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT WITH PROCOGNITIVE PROPERTIES. 2963 95