Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We examined prospectively the risk for major depression (MDD) and panic disorder in persons with prior history of migraine. A random sample of 995 young adults was interviewed in 1989 and reinterviewed in 1990. A history of migraine at baseline increased fourfold the risk for MDD during the follow-up interval. A history of any anxiety disorder exacerbated the risk for MDD in persons with migraine. Persons with a history of migraine were twelve times more likely to become cases of panic disorder than those with no history of migraine. The risk for MDD and/or panic disorder was unrelated to whether or not migraine was active during the year preceding the baseline interview or in remission for more than one year. The findings suggest that migraine, major depression and anxiety disorders might share common predispositions.
Cephalalgia 1992 Apr
PMID:Migraine, major depression and panic disorder: a prospective epidemiologic study of young adults. 157 44

The recently developed Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) was used to examine personality correlates in women diagnosed with premenstrual syndrome (PMS). The hypotheses were that the TPQ scores, specifically harm avoidance (HA), would be higher in PMS subjects than in the general population but lower than in depressed populations because major mood disorder is an exclusion from the PMS diagnosis; harm avoidance would have the strongest association with PMS, but other TPQ factors might characterize nondysphoric subgroups in the PMS population. The sample included 157 women who sought medical treatment and met clearly defined criteria for PMS. Two comparison groups of age-matched women with major depression (MDD, N = 20) and premenstrual exacerbation of major depression (MDD + PMS, N = 24) were also evaluated. TPQ scores were significantly higher for PMS subjects on all three dimensions compared with external normative TPQ data. The TPQ dimensions of HA and novelty seeking (NS) were modestly correlated with the premenstrual symptom scores. The HA dimension correlated with premenstrual depression and physical aches; high NS scores correlated with premenstrual food cravings, headache, and mood swings. As hypothesized, the HA scores were significantly higher in the comparison groups diagnosed with major depression; the NS and reward dependence (RD) dimensions did not differ between the PMS and MDD groups. PMS was associated with only modest nonnormative personality correlates, as assessed by the TPQ. Elevations of the HA and NS dimensions were associated with a tendency for the PMS to present with specific symptom patterns: depressive symptoms for the HA factor and food cravings and mood swings for the NS factor. Further research employing other assessment methods is needed to confirm these findings.
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PMID:Personality factors in women with premenstrual syndrome. 855 36

The increased risk of physical health problems in adult depressed patients has been shown in numerous studies. A recent study of the offspring of depressed parents found similar associations. The purpose of this study is to examine the strength and specificity of the association between depression and physical health problems in children and adolescents whose parents are dependent upon opiates. The sample consisted of offspring ages 6-17 (mean age 11 years) of opiate addicts who had a history of major depressive disorder (MDD; n = 28); other mood disorders (n = 31); no history of mood disorders but other psychiatric disorders (n = 92); or no history of psychiatric disorder (n = 127). Detailed psychiatric assessment and medical history of the offspring by direct interview with the offspring and an informant were obtained blind to parental diagnosis. After controlling for possible confounders, there was an increased risk of dermatological disorders, headache, other neurological/neuromuscular disorders, bronchitis, other respiratory disorders and hospitalizations for nonsurgical procedures in offspring with MDD, as compared to nonpsychiatrically ill controls. The offspring with other mood disorders had a slightly elevated risk. Major depression in children and adolescents whose parents are dependent on opiates is associated with increased risk of physical health problems. This finding is consistent with other reports and the timing of the physical health problems requires further study.
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PMID:Physical health problems in depressed and nondepressed children and adolescents of parents with opiate dependence. 1020 60

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the efficacy of gepirone immediate-release (gepirone-IR) for relapse prevention in outpatients with MDD who had responded to initial gepirone-IR therapy. Patients with MDD and a HAM-D(25) score > or = 20 were treated with open-label gepirone-IR 20 to 90 mg/day for 6 weeks. Responders with a HAM-D(17) total score < or = 12 or with a > or = 50% reduction in total HAM-D(17) score and at least a "much improved" or "very much improved" CGI improvement score, were randomized to gepirone-IR or placebo for six additional weeks. Time to relapse was defined in six ways [(1) return to > or = 75% of baseline HAM-D(17) total score; (2) CGI improvement score of "no change" or "minimally worse," "much worse" or "very much worse" than baseline (> or = 4); and four more definitions combining the HAM-D(17) or CGI criteria with discontinuation, or discontinuation due to lack of efficacy] and analyzed for the ITT population using the LOCF method. Of 134 patients in the open-label phase, 70 were responders. In the double-blind phase, the relapse rate was significantly lower with gepirone-IR than with placebo (P < or = 0.05) for four of the six definitions of relapse. Discontinuations of gepirone-IR due to adverse events were observed for 26.9% of patients in the open-label phase, and four patients (6%) during the double-blind phase. The most frequent adverse events with gepirone-IR were dizziness, nausea, headache, and somnolence, and with placebo were headache and paresthesia. A relapse-prevention study of longer duration is needed to confirm these preliminary results. Gepirone-IR was significantly more effective than placebo for relapse prevention and demonstrated acceptable tolerability in outpatient responders with MDD.
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PMID:Sustained efficacy of gepirone-IR in major depressive disorder: a double-blind placebo substitution trial. 1500 31

Painful physical symptoms (PPS) are common in patients with depression. Our objective was to evaluate the presence of PPS in a sample of SSRI non- or partial-responders with MDD and examine the effect of a switch to duloxetine on those PPS. Outpatients who met criteria for MDD despite having taken an SSRI antidepressant for at least 6 weeks, and who had a Hamilton depression rating scale total score of at least 15 and a clinical global impression of severity score of at least 3, were randomized to switch to duloxetine by either a direct switch or a start-taper switch method. PPS were assessed at baseline and at the study endpoint using various measures including six visual analog scales (VAS) for pain (overall pain, headache, back pain, shoulder pain, interference with daily activities, and time in pain while awake), the pain subscale of the symptom questionnaire-somatic subscale, and the bodily pain subscale of the short form-36 item health survey. Clinically significant levels of pain (mean baseline VAS scores >30 mm) were seen across all VAS pain measures prior to switching. Switch to duloxetine was associated with significant improvements on all pain measures regardless of switch method, and there was evidence for an earlier reduction in pain in the start-taper switch group. In summary, MDD patients who were non- or partial-responders to SSRI treatment were found to have clinically significant pain which improved significantly following switch to duloxetine regardless of the switch method utilized.
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PMID:Switching to duloxetine in selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor non- and partial-responders: effects on painful physical symptoms of depression. 1870 93

We explore the association of depressive symptoms and chronic pain (arthritis, back or neck pain, headache, or other pain) in a community population of Beijing, China. Two thousand four hundred and sixty nine residents aged 16 years and older were investigated in 2010. Data were collected from face-to-face interviews using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-3rd version. The presence of chronic pain condition and depressive symptoms were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis methods. We found a 12-month prevalence of MDD (Major depressive disorder) at 3.28%. Nearly half (41.01%) of respondents with depressive symptoms also had at least one chronic pain condition, and 64.20% of subjects with MDD (Major depressive disorder) experienced at least one chronic pain. After adjusting for selected demographic variables, it was found by multivariate logistic regression analysis that depressive symptom without MDD was significantly associated with back-or neck pain (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=1.97, 95% CI, 1.34-2.90), headache (AOR=3.17, 95% CI, 1.81-5.58), and other chronic pain (AOR=2.21, 95% CI, 1.07-4.49). MDD was significantly associated with arthritis (AOR=2.23) back or neck pain (AOR=4.17), headache (AOR=3.16), and other chronic pain (AOR=3.51). Multiple types of chronic pain are associated with depressive symptoms and MDD. Future studies are needed to infer causality.
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PMID:Depression symptoms and chronic pain in the community population in Beijing, China. 2256 Aug 5

Vilazodone is a novel antidepressant having a selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitor and 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist profile, so it has been regarded as a serotonin partial agonist-reuptake inhibitor (SPARI). We aimed to provide Vilazodone's clinical implications mainly by reviewing published clinical trials. Vilazodone has been speculated to have three potential benefits including faster onset of action, greater efficacy, and better tolerability owning to its SPARI properties. However, no studies conducted so far have directly proven the above speculations. Five initial phase II trials failed to distinguish vilazodone from placebo in the treatment of MDD, but 4 randomized clinical trials (RCT), 3 post-hoc or pooled analysis, 1 long-term open label study, and a meta-analysis showed vilazodone's superior efficacy over placebo. The studies also showed vilazodone is generally safe and tolerable. However, diarrhea, nausea, headache, dizziness, dry mouth, and insomnia warrant close attention in clinical practice because they have been constantly noted throughout the clinical studies. 2 RCTs recently documented the efficacy and safety of vilazodone in patients with generalized anxiety disorder, which could be a start of broadening vilazodone's usage or FDA approval in diverse anxiety disorders.
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PMID:Vilazodone for the Treatment of Depression: An Update. 2723 72

Depression symptoms resulting from cognitive function impairment are emphasized by both DSM-5 and ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder and depressive episodes. Nonetheless, the role of cognitive dysfunctions seem to remain underestimated in case of depressive disorders, thus they are rarely perceived as therapeutic target. Vortioxetine is a relatively new, multi-functional agent. With its unique properties and strong affinity towards serotonin transporter (5-HTT), vortioxetine is a modulator and stimulator of serotonergic transmission. Vortioxetine is an antidepressant drug suitable for therapy in various types of depression: severe, anxiety-associated, and of elders. It acts equally strong as SNRIs or agomelatine and has favorable effects on cognitive functioning. Although vortioxetine has not undergone comprehensive preclinical testing, the available data indicate that this particular agent may be more advantageous in terms of its procognitive effects, as compared to other drugs - which often seemed to be analogous in preclinical and clinical testing. In vitro examination of hippocampal pyramidal cells revealed that vortioxetine improves both synaptic transmission and neuroplasticity responsible for memory and learning patterns. Contrary to fluoxetine, the long-term treatment with use of vortioxetine on mice resulted in enhanced visual and spatial memory, along with reduced occurrence of typical depressive behavior. In addition, vortioxetine is a very first drug efficiently augmenting cognitive function in adults diagnosed with severe depressive episode, irrespective of its curative potential on the affective sphere. It may exert even stronger direct effect (assessed with DSST) on cognitive functions than duloxetine. With its supplementary capacity of acting directly on several subtypes of serotonin receptors, vortioxetine is certainly more than just a SSRI. It has been proved that it is as effective as venlafaxine and more efficient than agomelatine in MDD treatment, additionally exerting procognitive effects. In addition, vortioxetine may be beneficial in overcoming sexual dysfunction in patients, who have been suffering from such condition as a result of treatment with other antidepressant agents. The drug is generally well tolerated with the most prevalent side effects being mild to moderate nausea along with (mostly transient) headaches. Vortioxetine may significantly improve the quality of life in patients suffering from depression.
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PMID:VORTIOXETINE - THE NEW ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT WITH PROCOGNITIVE PROPERTIES. 2963 95