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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 73-year-old man with acute adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) in remission was re-admitted to our hospital due to drowsiness, headache, and bilateral knee joint pain on May 17, 1998. On admission, examinations revealed decreased serum sodium concentration (112 mEq/l), low plasma osmotic pressure (259 mOsm/l), and elevated antidiuretic hormone(5.6 pg/ml). Cerebrospinal fluid examination showed an increased number of abnormal flower-like lymphocyte (951/microliter). Brain computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging found no abnormality in the hypothalamus or pituitary gland. These findings yielded a diagnosis of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Though ATL patients typically exhibit a variety of clinical symptoms, SIADH is rarely one of the complications. Further investigation showed that IL-1 beta and IL-6 concentrations were increased in spinal fluid but not in serum. Recently, it has been reported that exogeneous IL-6 is an inducer of ADH secretion, and that primary ATL cells and HTLV-I infected cell lines can produce IL-6. In this case, we speculated that IL-6 produced by ATL cells that infiltrated a cerebral lesion may have played an important role in the development of SIADH.
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PMID:[Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion associated with meningeal infiltration of tumor cells and elevated interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-6 in cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with adult T-cell leukemia]. 1072 44

Cervicogenic headache (CEH) is a relatively common form of headache arising from the neck structures. The pathophysiology probably results from various local pain-producing factors such as intervertebral dysfunction, with a no less important role played by the frequent coexistence of a history of head traumas. This report represents a series of pathophysiological studies in CEH patients and the results achieved by pharmacological treatment of the disease. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-alpha) exert their multifunctional biological effects by promoting and increasing the molecular events of cellular inflammation. We found that the cytokine pattern of CEH patients is--similar to cluster headache--biased towards an inflammatory status. Higher levels of both IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha were detected in the sera of CEH patients than the levels in patients with migraine without aura and in healthy subjects. There were also differences between the spontaneous and mechanically worsened pain phases of CEH. Nitric oxide (NO) synthase is also activated in cervicogenic headache. No change in NO metabolites levels has been observed after NO donor administration. This behaviour is clearly different from that observed in migraine and tension headache patients. We conclude that the high degree of cytokine and NO production in CH may depend on the differing pathophysiological mechanisms at work in CEH than in other forms of headache.
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PMID:Proinflammatory pathways in cervicogenic headache. 1082 85

We report two cases of non-herpetic acute limbic encephalitis (NHALE) which showed elevation of interleukin (IL)-6 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). [Case 1] The patient was a 25-year-old woman who was admitted to another hospital because of fever and severe headache, following common cold. After the admission, she developed severe disturbance of consciousness and suffered from generalized convulsions, and was then transferred to our hospital. The CSF examination revealed neither pleocytosis nor elevation of total protein. Her consciousness improved by intravenous administration of high-dose methylprednisolone, but mild retrograde amnesia and symptomatic epilepsy remained as sequelae. [Case 2] The patient was a 58-year-old man who was admitted to our hospital because of fever, severe headache, and mild disturbance of consciousness, following common cold. After the admission, he exhibited marked psychiatric symptoms and severe amnestic syndrome. The CSF examination revealed mild lymphocytic pleocytosis and mild elevation of total protein. His clinical symptoms improved markedly by intravenous administration of high-dose methylprednisolone, but mild retrograde amnesia and personality changes remained. Cranial MRI showed reversible high signal intensity lesions in bilateral hippocampi and amygdaloid bodies on diffusion weighted images (DWI) in both cases. No laboratory findings suggesting herpes simplex virus infection or malignancy were detected in either case. In the CSF analysis of cytokines including IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interferony gamma, only IL-6 was elevated in both cases. We recognized four clinical features in both cases as follows: 1. the episode of preceding infection such as common cold, 2. appearance of reversible high signal intensity lesions in bilateral hippocampi and amygdaloid bodies on DWI, 3. elevation of only IL-6 in CSF, and 4. marked neurological improvement by intravenous administration of high-dose methylprednisolone. We speculate that the immune reaction of the host might play some significant roles in the pathogenesis of NHALE, based on these four clinical features.
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PMID:[The analysis of cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in two cases of non-herpetic acute limbic encephalitis (NHALE)]. 1288 25

Fibromyalgia and chronic hepatitis C infection share many clinical features including prominent somatic complaints such as musculoskeletal pain and fatigue. There is a growing body of evidence supporting a link between cytokines and somatic complaints. This review discusses alterations of cytokines in fibromyalgia, including increased serum levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-2 receptor, IL-8, IL-1 receptor antagonist; increased IL-1 and IL-6 produced by stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell in patients with FM for longer than 2 years; increased gp130, which is a neutrophil cytokine transducing protein; increased soluble IL-6 receptor and soluble IL-1 receptor antagonist only in patients with fibromyalgia who are depressed; and IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-a by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in skin biopsies of some patients with fibromyalgia. In addition, this review describes the mechanism by which alterations in cytokines in fibromyalgia and chronic hepatitis C infection can produce hyperalgesia and other neurally mediated symptoms through the presence of cytokine receptors on glial cells and opiate receptors on lymphocytes and the influence of cytokines on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-a activating and IL-2 and IFN-a down-regulating the HPA axis, respectively. The association between chronic hepatitis C infection and fibromyalgia is discussed, including a description of key cytokine changes in chronic hepatitis C infection. Future studies are encouraged to further characterize these immunologic alterations with potential pathophysiologic and therapeutic implications.
Curr Pain Headache Rep 2003 Oct
PMID:Fibromyalgia, hepatitis C infection, and the cytokine connection. 1294 86

It is well established that the majority of headache and other trigeminal nerve-associated disorders have higher prevalence in females than in males. However, the pathogenesis of many chronic trigeminal pain conditions, such as trigeminal neuralgia, migraine and temporo-mandibular disorders, is still not known. One of the proposed mechanisms involve calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which is considered the most important neuropeptide in the trigeminal system. In various animal models of trigeminal nerve-associated disorders concentration of CGRP has been shown to be increased in trigeminal ganglia (TG). Moreover, intraganglionic release of CGRP has been shown to modulate neuronal transmission of pain signals. In most of these models, pathological changes in the trigeminal system are accompanied by inflammation within peripheral endings of TG neurons. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relation between gender and neurochemical changes in trigeminal ganglia evoked by peripheral inflammation, induced by Complete Freund Adjuvant (CFA) administration. Our studies show significant increase in CGRP expression in female mice, comparing to male mice. Furthermore, we demonstrate, that activation of trigeminal nociceptors by peripheral inflammation causes significant increase in expression of IL-1B, IL-6, TNF and BDNF in male mice, comparing to female mice. This phenomenon may be involved in clinically observed gender-dependent differences in the frequency of both migraine and other trigeminal nerve-related facial pain disorders.
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PMID:Gender differences in the neurochemical response of trigeminal ganglion neurons to peripheral inflammation in mice. 2499 32


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