Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

PMS is probably a group of entities which include various symptoms that occur during the 7 to 10 days before menstruation and disappear a few hours after the onset of menstruation. The definition of PMS lacks objective criteria. The most common symptoms are irritability, bloating, aggressiveness, mastodynia, and headaches. The prevalence of PMS is estimated at 30 to 40 per cent. PMS is more prevalent among women working outside the home, alcoholics, women of high parity, and women with toxemic tendency; it probably runs in families. The etiology of PMS is no less obscure to us than when it was first described by Frank in 1931. No single theory has been established to explain the entire diversity of PMS symptomatology. The multitude of possible etiologic factors includes psychosocial bases, progesterone deficiency, prolactin excess, thyroid hypofunction, renin angiotensin alternations, antidiuretic hormone excess, decreased colloidosmotic pressure, endorphin activity alternations, serotonin metabolism alternations, prostaglandin action, vitamin deficiency, and such unconventional theories as the ovarian infection or the "yeast overgrowth" theory. A partial resolution of this divergence of hypotheses comes from the biopsychosocial model developed by Keye and Trunnel. According to this model, a biologic, perhaps genetically determined, predisposition to PMS is realized when past and present life experiences, attitudes, beliefs, coping styles, and social forces interact to stress a woman. The diagnosis of PMS is based on establishing a relationship between the luteal phase of the cycle and the symptoms. The evaluation of PMS patients includes the use of a monthly diary to scale the symptoms, a physical examination, and biochemical studies to rule out other disorders. Management includes education, reassurance, and drug therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:The premenstrual syndrome. 218 58

The authors report two cases of pseudotumor cerebri in patients taking lithium for treatment of bipolar disorder. Pseudotumor cerebri is a poorly understood syndrome characterized by chronic headaches, bilateral papilledema, and increased intracranial pressure without localized neurologic signs or symptoms, intracranial mass, or hydrocephalus. Ventriculography, computed tomography, and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging reveal normal or small ventricles. Multiple etiologies may include Vitamin A toxicity, obesity, head trauma, hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, prolonged steroid therapy or its withdrawal, Addison's disease, Cushing's disease, pituitary insufficiency, and lithium therapy. Patients treated with lithium whose antidiuretic hormone-cyclic adenosine monophosphate mechanism is disturbed are most likely to develop pseudotumor cerebri via disregulation of sodium balance, thyroid-stimulating hormone production, and glucose metabolism. The authors recommend careful medical monitoring to avoid iatrogenic effects of lithium, including pseudotumor cerebri.
 ...
PMID:Pseudotumor cerebri associated with lithium therapy in two patients. 203 32

The case of a 26-year-old woman suffering from brief attacks of headache occurring on every occasion of nursing is described. Pulse rate and blood pressure are normal during the attacks and serum prolactin responds normally to nursing. Plasma vasopressin increases before each headache attack. Propranolol does not prevent the headache, which disappears only after lactation has ceased. Possible pathophysiological mechanisms related to suckling are discussed.
Cephalalgia 1989 Jun
PMID:Lactation headache--a new form of headache? 274 10

One of the important factors in outer space is the absence of gravity (OG). During longterm missions, this factor is responsible for the larger number of anatomical and physiological changes that astronauts experience. The cardiovascular system undergoes these changes with severe intensity, which is part of an adaptation process to the new environmental conditions. The modifications observed in both the anatomy of the cardiovascular system and its hemodynamics occur in two phases. The first phase begins when the astronauts enter into Earth orbit or in interplanetary trajectory and extends until the second or fourth day of the mission. It is characterized by an important shifting of fluids from the lower extremities to the cephalic regions which produces an increase of the venous return and the preload, the heart rate is increased, the blood volume in the thorax is also increased, the cardiac chambers become dilated, and by reflex action, the antidiuretic hormone diminishes, diuresis increases and leads to a virtual state of dehydration. Clinically, the first stage is manifested by headache, dizziness, space disorientation, nausea, anorexia, projectile vomiting, sweating and pallor. This constalation of data is known as "The Space Adaptation Syndrome". The second phase begins at the end of the first phase and finishes toward the fortieth or fiftieth day of the mission.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Behavior of the cardiovascular system in outer space]. 295 26

Vasopressin (aVP) at low concentrations functions as an antidiuretic hormone and has vasoconstrictive effects. To investigate the possible role of aVP in the pathogenesis of migraine, six patients with a history of induced migraine were given 100 g chocolate, and blood samples for plasma aVP were taken before ingestion and every hour for 4 h. In one patient who presented with severe headache and nausea the base-line plasma aVP concentration was 15.2 pg/ml; it fell to 3.2 pg/ml at 2 h before rising to 10 pg/ml at 3 h and 4 h as the symptoms worsened. In the five patients with moderate or no headache plasma aVP concentrations remained in the normal range (less than 3 pg/ml) throughout. The results suggest that aVP does not have a role in the aetiology of migraine. The possibility exists that during severe attacks of nausea there is release of aVP, which may be responsible for the facial pallor, antidiuresis, and coagulation abnormalities occasionally observed in migraine.
Cephalalgia 1988 Mar
PMID:Plasma vasopressin levels in induced migraine attacks. 335 85

A patient with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is described who presented with fever, headache, and hyponatremia. Subsequent evaluation established the diagnoses of CLL meningitis and the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Both findings resolved following therapy with intrathecal methotrexate. A brief citation of the literature of CLL meningitis is presented.
 ...
PMID:Chronic lymphocytic leukemic meningitis as a cause of the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. 359 56

The syndrome of tumor-induced osteomalacia has been previously thought to occur only in association with mesenchymal tumors, although one report has linked prostatic carcinoma with the syndrome. We report the case of a patient who presented first with the clinical and biochemical features of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, and then oncogenic osteomalacia. The first syndrome was characterized by headaches, nausea, and vomiting; serum sodium determinations ranged between 107 and 118 meq/L with simultaneous urine spot sodium concentrations of 100 to 116 meq/L. The circulating antidiuretic hormone level was markedly elevated to 261.5 microU/mL. The osteomalacia was discovered incidentally when depressed serum phosphorus levels of 1.2 to 1.7 mg/dL were noted in association with 24-hour urine phosphorus excretion exceeding 1000 mg/24 h. Undecalcified tetracycline-labeled bone biopsy samples confirmed oncogenic osteomalacia. Only afterward was a small-cell carcinoma of the lung identified as the likely source of both of these syndromes.
 ...
PMID:Oncogenic osteomalacia and inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion due to oat-cell carcinoma. 609 61

Twenty psychotic patients with psychogenic polydipsia had hyponatremia (98 to 124 mEq/L) lasting up to 28 months, with headache, hypertension, dementia, seizures, lethargy, and coma. Two deaths also may be attributed to this syndrome. Patients drank 7 to 43 L of water daily. Urine was dilute during this water load (37 to 95 mOsm/kg), and free water clearance ranged from 12 to 36 L/day, while plasma osmolality was 236 to 244 mOsm/kg. During fluid deprivation in seven such patients, urinary osmolality exceeded plasma osmolality when plasma concentration had risen to between 242 and 272 mOsm/kg, thus suggesting a "reset osmostat" or antidiuretic hormone response to nonosmotic stimuli. This tended to sustain hyponatremia. Polydipsia should be recognized as a cause of hyponatremia, perhaps with reset osmostat. This ultimately may cause dementia or death, possibly secondary to recurrent cerebral edema. This sequence of events is potentially preventable or correctable.
 ...
PMID:Hyponatremia in psychogenic polydipsia. 745 96

The use of psychotropic drugs has been associated with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) in a number of case reports. SIADH is characterised by the sustained release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the posterior pituitary. The patients have a reduced ability to excrete diluted urine, ingested fluid is retained, and the extracellular fluid expands and becomes hypo-osmolar. The cardinal signs are hyponatraemia, serum hypoosmolality and a less than maximally diluted urine. Common symptoms include weakness, lethargy, headache, anorexia and weight gain. These symptoms may be followed by confusion, convulsions, coma and death. The early symptoms are vague and nonspecific, and they may even mimic the symptoms of the psychiatric disorder itself. For antidepressants, the risk of SIADH seems to be highest during the first weeks of treatment. For antipsychotics, the risk seems to be more spread out in time. The causative role of the drug may sometimes be difficult to estimate, as even drug-free psychiatric patients, mostly those with schizophrenia, develop SIADH on the basis of psychogenic polydipsia. Smoking is another factor associated with the development of SIADH, and the risk may also increase with age. The acute treatment of SIADH induced by a psychotropic drug includes discontinuation of the drug as well as restriction of fluid intake. In cases with significant clinical symptoms, infusion of sodium chloride is recommended. After the acute management, it is useful to evaluate the causative role of the drug by performing a water loading test and/or drug rechallenge. If continued treatment with an antidepressant or antipsychotic is indicated, a drug with a different pharmacological profile should be chosen, and the serum sodium levels should be monitored closely. If treatment with the drug that caused SIADH must be continued, concomitant treatment with demeclocycline may reduce the tendency of hyponatraemia.
 ...
PMID:Hyponatraemia and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) induced by psychotropic drugs. 761 32

A 32-year-old woman was bedridden for a year because of chronic pain and headaches. She had insomnia, depression, suicidal thoughts and a severe chemical allergy. She had been on steroid therapy for two years and became Cushingoid with striae in the arm pits, groins and abdomen. However, she had no hypertension, nor the buffalo fat and hirsutism. She was very edematous, with a weight gain from 112 to 180 lbs. The fluid retention did not conform to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone. Studies revealed abnormal scalp EEG discharges and high-voltage seizure discharges in the posterior thalamus. Electrothalamic stimulation suppressed the thalamic discharges and relieved the patient's pelvic pain and headaches. After one month of several thalamic stimulations per day, she was able to get out of bed and ambulate. In addition, the patient no longer was edematous and was tolerating perfumes and floor detergents. Steroids were progressively reduced without complications of withdrawal. She went from a completely steroid dependent state to independent during the first 1-1/2 yrs of thalamic stimulation. With continued thalamic stimulation she has done well for 8-1/2 yrs, weighs 112 lbs, keeps house and drives a car. It's speculated the illness is a chronic pain multiple syndrome predominantly due to mesothalamic discharges and body infirmities. The mesothalamic discharge implicated neural networks, which represent biologic systems, i.e. pain, sleep, fluid retention, etc. Therapeutic stimulation attenuates the discharges and the neural networks return to their normal set points of homeostasis.
 ...
PMID:Mesothalamic discharge in a chronic pain, allergy and fluid retention syndrome (case report). 766 2


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Next >>