Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a previous study we demonstrated that cluster headache (CH) patients present an increased Natural Cytotoxic response after incubation of their peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) with Interleukin-2 (IL-2). This phenomenon led to an investigation of the phenotypic expression of PBL before and after IL-2 incubation, and of the IL-2 lymphocyte receptor. IL-2 receptor is expressed on T-lymphocytes activated with an high-affinity binding site. The analysis of the function of human IL-2 receptor was facilitated by the production of a specific monoclonal antibody (MAb). This MAb identifies the IL-2 receptors by blocking the binding of radiolabelled IL-2 to T-cells. In addition, we studied the expression of Leu-4, specific for T-cells; of Leu-11b, specific for FC receptor on NK cells; and the Transferrin Receptor, specific for lymphoblasts and monocytes. Twenty-three episodic CH patients were selected for this study. Ten sex and age-matched healthy volunteers were used as the control group. We evaluated the PBL phenotypic expression of cells subsets before incubation with IL-2 (1,000 I.U./ml) and after 72 hours. The following Becton Dickinson MAbs have been used: anti-Leu-4 (CD3), anti-IL-2 receptors (CD25), anti-Transferrin receptor (TFR) and anti-Leu-11b (CD16). Indirect fluorescence with a Becton Dickinson FACS-420 flow cytometer was used to analyze the cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Headache 1990 Mar
PMID:Defective expression of IL-2 receptors on peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with cluster headache. 233 78

We evaluated adoptive immunotherapy using LAK cells combined with systemic administration of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in 11 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. The LAK cells were generated by incubation in serum-free medium (AIM-V) supplemented with IL-2 (1,000 U/ml) for 4 days and were generally administered twice weekly (4 times/cycle). Daily administration of IL-2 (50 x 10(5) U) was started 3 days prior to the first LAK infusion and continued throughout the cycle. Each course of therapy comprised 1-6 cycles, with the total dose of LAK cells and IL-2 varying from 3.3-52.6 x 10(9) cells and 140-900 x 10(5) U, respectively. Clinical response was evaluated in terms of metastasis to specific organs (lung only: eight cases, lung and brain: one, lung and lymph nodes: one, lung and bone and pleuropericardium: one). The outcome was complete response in one patient, partial response in one, no change in six and disease progression in three. The response rate was 18.8%. This therapy was most effective against pulmonary metastases. Adverse reactions to LAK cell infusion included fever, headache, and chills. Eosinophilia and weight gain due to IL-2 administration were also observed. However, all of these symptoms were transient and no serious side effects occurred. In these patients, the proportion of natural killer (NK) cells (CD16) and cells with IL-2 receptor (CD25) among PBL was increased markedly in the early phase of therapy, and activated T cell (CD3+DR+) and suppressor T cells (CD8+11+) increased significantly at a later phase. It was suggested that the clinical response would be expected in case of increasing of CD16 cells or CD25 cells and augmentation of NK or LAK activity. Our results indicate that this regimen of adoptive immunotherapy shows some promise for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma.
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PMID:[Study of adoptive immunotherapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma with lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and interleukin-2. II. Clinical evaluation]. 832 Aug 88

Interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) are cytokines with synergistic antitumor effects in mouse models. The biological effects of this combination, however, have not been directly compared to each agent alone in humans. We conducted a Phase 1B trial of IL-2 plus or minus IFN-alpha in 38 cancer patients. The objectives of this trial were to determine which doses of IFN-alpha and IL-2 maximally enhanced biological responses, and to determine whether the combined administration of IFN-alpha and IL-2 would result in a potentiation of biological responses over IL-2 alone. Patients received 4 days of IL-2 (1.5 x 10(6) units/m2/day or 3.0 x 10(6) units/m2/day) as a continuous infusion followed by a 3-day rest period, weekly for 3 weeks, with a 3-week rest period between 2 treatment courses. IFN-alpha (0.5 x 10(6) or 5 x 10(6) units/m2/day) was administered s.c. on days 1-4 weekly for 3 weeks with one of the 3-week courses. Patients were randomized to receive either IL-2 alone for course 1, followed by IL-2/IFN-alpha for course 2, or IL-2/IFN-alpha in course 1, followed by IL-2 alone. Immunological parameters were evaluated before treatment, and 24 h after completion of the third week of IL-2. A statistically significant increase in the percentage of circulating natural killer cells (CD56), natural killer cells bearing the Fc receptor (CD16), and activated T cells (CD25) was observed following IL-2 alone, and following IL-2 plus IFN-alpha. Significant increases in lymphocyte-activated killer cell cytotoxicity, antibody cellular cytotoxicity, and serum IL-2 receptor were also observed following both IL-2 and IL-2 plus IFN-alpha. However, no significant differences were observed in the magnitude of the increase in the IL-2-alone group when compared to the IL-2 plus IFN-alpha group. The mean fluorescent intensity of monocytes positive for HLA-DR and Fc receptor expression also increased significantly in both groups, as did serum beta 2-microglobulin expression and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity. However, increases were not significantly different between patients receiving IL-2 alone and IL-2 plus IFN-alpha. No dose response effect for IFN-alpha was observed for any of the parameters assessed. Toxicities consisted primarily of constitutional toxicities, including fever, rigors, malaise, headache, anorexia, and a decrease in performance status. No clinically significant differences in toxicities were observed between courses consisting of IL-2 and those consisting of IFN-alpha and IL-2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:A direct comparison of immunological and clinical effects of interleukin 2 with and without interferon-alpha in humans. 844 8