Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

CBF was studied in 15 cases of vascular headache by the 135Xe intra-arterial injection method. The mean CBF was found to be increased during the headache phase of the migraine attacks in half the cases, mainly due to an increase in the rapid component (CBFg). After the attack there could be an increase or a decrease of the slow component (CBFw). Reactivity to anaesthetic depression was studied in 8 migraine cases and on the whole it was found not to be much altered in most cases. Finally, no modifications of CBF were found in any of 3 cases of cluster headache who were studied during attacks of severe pain.
Res Clin Stud Headache 1978
PMID:Cerebral blood flow in migraine and cluster headache. Compartmental analysis and reactivity to anaesthetic depression. 72 60

The recent development of SPECT has introduced a new procedure to evaluate neurological diseases. By mean of Tc99mHM-PAO we studied a group of 19 pediatric subjects (7 males and 12 females) with different form of migraine, within five days after the last headache attack. Postictally SPECT shows regionally decreased CBF in 3/4 of HM, in 5/6 of BAM, in 5/5 of CM and in 2/4 of M.
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PMID:Brain SPECT and migraine in childhood. 158 Jan 99

The CBF studies performed so far during attacks of migraine, may be interpreted as favouring "the vascular theory." This applies to migraine with aura as well as to migraine without aura. Migraine without aura may be due to mild focal CBF reduction--too mild to be detected by the available CBF techniques (i.e. 20% or less) and too mild to produce ischemia and aura phenomena. Migraine with aura may be due to focal CBF reduction severe enough to produce ischemia (i.e. 50% or more) and therefore also aura phenomena. The phenomenon termed "spreading oligemia" typically seen in CBF studies during migraine with aura, may be an artifact reflecting a gradual decrease of CBF in an area of constant size. The typical "march" of the aura symptoms may reflect differences in the ischemic threshold of various neurones leading to dysfunction of more and more neurones as the blood flow gradually decreases. It is concluded that migraine with and without aura may be due to the same disease process--the only difference being the intensity of vasospasm and CBF reduction.
Headache 1990 Apr
PMID:Migraine with and without aura: the same disease due to cerebral vasospasm of different intensity. A hypothesis based on CBF studies during migraine. 209 26

Respiratory insufficiency of any cause has significant effects on the nervous system. Headache, mental status changes, papilledema, and numerous motor abnormalities including asterixis are commonly seen. Abnormalities in ventilation and gas exchange result in hypoxia, hypercapnia, and respiratory acidosis, and these, in turn, interfere with cerebral metabolism, increase CBF, and may raise intracranial pressure. Chronic respiratory insufficiency can persist for many months with minimal neurologic symptoms, as numerous compensatory mechanisms, particularly renal, may take effect. Treatment includes restoring adequate ventilation and improving gas exchange and may require tracheal intubation and assisted ventilation. Supplemental oxygen therapy should be carefully monitored, as high rates of flow may suppress the hypoxic drive for respiration and lead to significant carbon dioxide retention. The sleep apnea syndromes are a group of disorders in which abnormal respiratory patterns during sleep result in hypercapnia and hypoxemia. Intermittent obstruction of the upper airway and abnormalities of brainstem respiratory centers cause frequent nocturnal awakenings and apneas in these patients. Treatments vary and include weight loss in obese subjects, respiratory stimulants, tracheostomy, and diaphragmatic pacing. Rapid ascent to high altitudes may result in headache, changes in mental status, papilledema, and other neurologic symptoms in certain individuals: a syndrome known as high-altitude sickness. Hypoxia leading to cerebral edema, nocturnal periodic breathing, and hypobaria produces neurologic symptoms in these individuals. Acetazolamide and dexamethasone may be effective in minimizing symptoms of this disorder. Sustained hyperventilation produces acral and circumoral paresthesias and lightheadedness in anxious individuals and can be maintained by relatively normal ventilatory patterns once established. These symptoms are due to hypophosphatemia and respiratory alkalosis, the latter reducing CBF and causing localized tissue hypoxia. Rebreathing into a paper bag at the first awareness of symptoms is the most effective form of treatment.
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PMID:Neurologic manifestations of pulmonary disease. 267 37

Although decreased CBF has now been reported during the prodrome of migraine, the cause of the decreased flow is still unknown. It is particularly unclear whether these phenomena are related to vasospasm and "steal" between the extracranial and intracranial circulation or to the spreading depression of Leao and the accompanying metabolic depression. In the present paper, metabolic changes in the brain during ischemia and reperfusion are reviewed and compared with CNS biochemical changes during migraine attack. In addition, the technique of Topical Magnetic Resonance (TMR) as applied to the in vivo study of energy phosphate metabolism in extracranial tissues and brain is described and the potential of this technique to evaluate shifts in energy metabolism and pH in stroke and migraine is discussed.
Cephalalgia 1985 May
PMID:Biochemical effects of cerebral ischemia: relevance to migraine. 286 8

Although asymmetric EEG abnormalities have been reported during the headache-free period in migraineurs, asymmetries of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) have not been studied. Headache-free rCBF values measured by 133Xe inhalation were lower in migraineurs than in controls. Interhemispheric CBF and regional (anterior versus posterior) CBF did not differ between the groups. When a novel scoring system was used to obtain a mean asymmetry index (MAI), the MAI of the classic/complicated group was significantly higher than that of the controls but not significantly different from that of the common migraine group. These data suggest that in the headache-free interval rCBF asymmetries, variable in location, exist in classic/complicated migraineurs. These rCBF changes may be related to the cause or the effect of the focal neurologic dysfunction that occurs during an attack in these patients.
Cephalalgia 1987 Dec
PMID:Asymmetric cerebral blood flow patterns in migraine. 342 24

Intracarotid injection of 133-Xenon and recording of wash out of radioactivity by 254 external stationary detectors was used to measure rCBF. Initial slope values were calculated by a computer, translated into color code and displayed on a TV-screen. rCBF in patients with epilepsy has been the object of former studies. Those who had a cortical focus showed corresponding high blood flow values during attack and during EEG paroxysms without clinical attacks. On the contrary, all other patients with a cortical focus were normal. Patients with complex partial seizures displayed no abnormalities interictally. During generalized epileptic seizures rCBF and metabolism doubled. Distinction must be made between patients with aura (classic migraine) and patients without aura (common migraine). In the latter CBF was normal or slightly elevated. In the former the aura symptoms are associated with reduced CBF. The reduction usually starts posteriorly and spreads gradually anteriorly. rCBF remains depressed for up to several hours into the headache phase. After 8-12 hours a reactive hyperemia may ensue. In common migraine rCBF remains normal throughout the attack. During classic migraine attacks rCBF is depressed whereas it is increased during epileptic attacks. Thus rCBF studies further strengthen the differences between epilepsy and migraine.
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PMID:Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) studies in migraine and epilepsy. 360 67

A rapidly rotating single-photon emission tomograph was used to study regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) by 133-Xenon inhalation in 18 patients with cluster headache. Measurements were performed in all patients in the resting state. The patients were given alcohol and/or nitroglycerin to provoke an attack of cluster headache. In eight patients it was possible to obtain satisfactory measurements during their cluster headache attack. All patients had a normal resting CBF with a normal age regression. During the headache phase, no significant changes of mean CBF from baseline occurred. There were no focal changes in the individual patient, but the mean rCBF in all eight patients showed significantly increased rCBF in the central, basal region and a small part of the right parietotemporal region. These changes we interpret as pain activation. It may be concluded that changes in rCBF are not likely to play a pathophysiological role in the development of cluster headache attacks.
Cephalalgia 1984 Mar
PMID:Tomographic determination of cerebral blood flow during attacks of cluster headache. 642 45

Neurohumoral correlations of sleep are considered from three aspects: 1. Metabolism and cerebral blood circulation (CBF, EEG, endocranial pressure, cerebral temperature); 2. Neuromediators and neuropeptides (5-HT, hypnogen neuropeptides); 3. The influence of the sleeping-waking cycle on adeno-hypophyseal secretion rhythms (GH, PRL, LH, TSH). Variations of these parameters can play an important role in the onset of night crises of migraine and cluster headache.
Cephalalgia 1983 Aug
PMID:Pituitary secretions and wake-sleep cycle. 661 8

Some controversial issues exist whether regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) changes are present both in migraine with and without aura during the interictal period. For this reason we have studied rCBF characteristics in migraine patients when headache-free. rCBF examinations were performed by the 133Xe inhalation method on 39 normal subjects (24 aged 45 or less and 15 older than 45), on 10 migraine patients with (A+) and on 10 without (A-) aura. The values of each patient were compared with the age-matched control population mean by a computer-assisted mapping system that allows statistical analysis in real time. To compare inter-individual variability 10 subjects, out of 39 normals, constituted an age-, sex- and CO2-matched control group (C). 8 A+ patients and 7 A- showed significant alterations of CBF in comparison with the age-matched control population. The analysis between the age-, sex- and CO2 matched groups showed significant differences of the inter-hemispheric (F = 6.669, p = 0.004) and of the frontal (F = 7.480 p = 0.0008) asymmetries. These data show that in the headache-free period a derangement of the cerebral perfusion is present in both migraine with and without aura, suggesting they are due to the same disease process. Furthermore they show the usefulness of a computer-assisted mapping system, suitable for clinical use, in discovering small alterations in cerebral perfusion.
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PMID:Interictal abnormalities of regional cerebral blood flow in migraine with and without aura. 756 59


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