Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Neisseria meningitidis is a major cause of bacterial meningitis worldwide, especially in children. Early diagnosis and empiric antibiotic treatment have led to a reduction in morbidity and mortality. The value of the traditional gold standard diagnostic tests, blood culture and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture, has been adversely affected by preadmission use of parenteral penicillin and fewer lumbar punctures. We report a case of N. meningitidis in a 19-year-old male who was admitted after suffering from progressive severe headache, and intermittent high fever for 2 days. Gram stain and culture of CSF, and culture of throat swab were negative. However, N. meningitidis was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with a universal primer set and endonuclease digestion. This report indicated that the PCR method may be an alternative method for the rapid diagnosis of meningococcal meningitis.
 ...
PMID:Use of universal polymerase chain reaction assay and endonuclease digestion for rapid detection of Neisseria meningitides. 1559 70

Dengue is an acute infectious disease of viral etiology characterized by lymphadenopathy, leucopenia, headache, biphasic fever, pain in various parts of the body, rashes, and extreme physical weakness. It is a vector-borne disease caused by a positive-stranded RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus. Dengue inflicts a significant health, economic, and social burden on populations of endemic areas. Dengue virus is transmitted to humans by the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti. Vaccines against dengue viruses have been claimed to be developed, but as yet no effective treatment is available. Alternative therapeutic strategies to overcome this disease and its spread are direly needed. A traditional sterile insect technique (SIT) harms the health of male insects, leading to their reduced ability to compete for wild-type female insects for breeding. Oxitec (Abingdon, UK) has developed genetically modified (GM) strains of A. aegypti via the release of insects carrying a dominant lethal (RIDL) strategy. RIDL male mosquitoes offer a resolution to many of the limitations of traditional SIT, which has resulted in reduced application of SIT in mosquitoes. The technique using RIDL mosquitoes is considered to be ecologically friendly and specific. Homing endonuclease genes, also called selfish genes, can also be used in genetic modification methods in such a way that the vector population and its competency can be reduced. GM mosquitoes carrying a gene that transcribes RNA interference can also be crucial to control expression of RNA viruses. The RNA virus interference pathway is one of the most critical components of the innate immune system of insects that can frustrate a variety of RNA viruses such as Flaviviruses. Here, we summarize and focus on alternative techniques used to control dengue spread.
 ...
PMID:Genetically Modified Aedes aegypti to Control Dengue: A Review. 2928 27

OBJECTIVE: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, clinical efficacy, tolerability, dosing, and administration of baloxavir marboxil (BXM), as well as its place in the treatment of influenza.<br/> DATA SOURCES: A search of PubMed and Google Scholar using the terms "baloxavir" and "S-033188" was performed. The manufacturer's website was also reviewed to further identify relevant information.<br/> STUDY SELECTION/DATA EXTRACTION: All Englishlanguage articles from January 2008 to December 2018 appearing in these searches were reviewed for relevance to this paper. In addition, their bibliographies were reviewed to identify any articles not identified in the searches.<br/> DATA SYNTHESIS: BXM is a selective cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza in adults and adolescents 12 years of age and older who weigh at least 40 kg. Clinical trials demonstrated that BXM was associated with a significantly shorter time to alleviation of influenza symptoms compared with placebo when taken within 48 hours of symptom onset. The time to alleviation of symptoms was similar with BXM and oseltamivir. The most common adverse reactions associated with BXM were diarrhea, bronchitis, nausea, nasopharyngitis, and headache. BXM is administered orally as a single-dose of 40 mg or 80 mg, depending on body weight. No dosage adjustment is needed in patients with mild-to-moderate hepatic or renal impairment.<br/> CONCLUSION: BXM has been proven safe and effective in the treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza in patients 12 years of age and older when administered within 48 hours of symptom onset.
 ...
PMID:Baloxavir: A Novel Single-Dose Oral Antiviral for the Treatment of Influenza. 3093 46

Baloxavir marboxil is a newly approved antiviral agent with activity against influenza via a novel mechanism of action of inhibition of cap-dependent endonuclease (CEN). The novel agent was approved in October of 2018 in the United States for the treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza A and B in patients aged 12 years or older. Baloxavir is given as a single weight-based dose of 40 mg orally once for patients weighing less than 80 kg and 80 mg orally once for those weighing 80 kg or more within 48 hours of symptom onset. In comparison with current therapy, baloxavir is as effective in decreasing time to symptom alleviation as the drug of choice, oseltamivir, and significantly reduces viral load 1 day after treatment compared with placebo and oseltamivir. In safety analyses baloxavir was well tolerated with only mild adverse events reported (nausea, headache, diarrhea, bronchitis, nasopharyngitis), thus providing a safe and reliable alternative option to current therapy for acute uncomplicated influenza. Further studies are being conducted to evaluate the use of baloxavir in additional patient populations including pediatric patients less than 12 years of age and patients who are at high risk of complications related to influenza.
 ...
PMID:Baloxavir marboxil: a novel cap-dependent endonuclease (CEN) inhibitor for the treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza. 3125 Aug 40