Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recombinant TSH is effective in providing exogenous TSH stimulation for patients with differentiated thyroid cancer on thyroid hormone-suppressive therapy. It allows for detection of thyroid remnant and metastases by radioiodine scan and by serum thyroglobulin determination. The sensitivity and image quality of the WBS are similar after rTSH and after THSH withdrawal in the majority of patients. The equivalent 100% sensitivity of rTSH- and withdrawal-stimulated serum thyroglobulin measurement alone in identifying patients with radioiodine uptake outside the thyroid bed [38] may eventually lead to more extensive use of serum thyroglobulin testing after rTSH, with more selective application of radioiodine WBS [39]. Currently, a phase IV trial is in progress to evaluate the efficacy of rTSH-stimulated thyroglobulin levels as the primary modality for long-term follow-up of low risk thyroid cancer patients. The use of rTSH prevents the morbidity, metabolic impairment and the risk of tumor progression associated with THST withdrawal, because of shorter exposure time to elevated TSH [38]. Furthermore, it decreases the radiation exposure of healthy tissues due to faster iodine clearance in euthyroidism. rTSH is well tolerated, with transient nausea in 10.5% and headache in 7.3% of patients. No antibodies specific to rTSH were documented, even after multiple courses of the drug. Currently, rTSH is suggested for patients who do not respond to hormone withdrawal or cannot tolerate hypothyroidism. For patients with low risk of tumor recurrence, rTSH-stimulated testing may be used at 6-12 months after postoperative I-131 ablation and with a repeat cycle of rTSH one year later, followed by testing every 3-5 years. In high risk patients, one set of negative I-131 scan and thyroglobulin test results after hormone withdrawal are recommended before using rTSH testing, because of a greater sensitivity of the withdrawal scan and because rTSH is not currently approved for subsequent I-131 therapy often indicated in these patients [24]. Subsequently, two cycles of rTSH testing are recommended at 6-12 month intervals, followed by testing every 1-3 years for at least the first decade after initial diagnosis. The cost of this commercially available form of rTSH has been considered a major impediment to its common use; however, this should be weighed against the loss of productivity of working hours related to withdrawal [40]. In the therapeutic setting, rTSH is the only acceptable option in a subgroup of patients with hypopituitarism, ischemic heart disease, a history of "myxedema madness," debilitation due to advanced disease, or inability to elicit TSH elevation due to continued production of thyroxine by thyroid remnant or metastatic tumor [33,38]. In conclusion, recombinant TSH facilitates the management of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. It increases the sensitivity of thyroglobulin testing during thyroid hormone suppression therapy and enables radioiodine uptake for whole-body scan and occasionally for radioiodine therapy, without the need for prolonged THST withdrawal and its associated hypothyroidism, reduced quality of life and risk of tumor progression.
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PMID:Recombinant thyroid-stimulating hormone in differentiated thyroid cancer. 1172 83

39 women (23 from the family planning clinic at Cairo University Hospital and 16 private patients) who took 1 mg lynestrenol + .1 mg mestranol were followed on therapy for 6-12 months, the total number of cycles being 336. The women took the tablet for 22 days starting from the fifth cycle day of the first cycle and then refrained from therapy for 6 days. Average cycle lengths were 30.3 days and 28.1 days for the hospital and private groups, respectively. Average flow lengths were 3.6 and 3.39 days, respectively. Flow was moderate, slight, and severe in 67.2, 27.8%, and 2.9% of the cycles, respectively. 8 amenorrheic cycles and 17 cycles with spotting or bleeding occurred. 70% of the cycles had complaints of dysmenorrhea. Headaches occurred in 34.8% and 15% of the hospital and private group cycles, respectively. Increase in the incidence of fall of hair occurred in 11.8% of the total number of cycles. The average increase in weight was 2.1 kg/year. No significant changes in blood pressure occurred nor did any thromboembolic manifestations. No suspicious or malignant smears occurred. Pregnancy protection was total. Almost all participants reported subjective impro vement of symptoms experienced with higher dose pills.
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PMID:Lynestrenol 1 mg.-mestranol 0.1 mg: a new low dose oral contraceptive: a clinical study. 1225 6

Clinical experience, and a pathology study, of 184 women on Neogynon (.25 mg d-norgestrel and .05 mg of 17-ethinyl estradiol, micro 20) was assessed for a total of 3129 cycles. 53 women were nursing babies before use of the pill, and 44 continued to do so throughout pill usage. Endometrial biopsies were taken premenstrually, during the period of full hormonal effect, for 40 cases before and then 6-12 months after initiation of pill usage; biopsies were studied for effect of the combined steroid on the building up of endometrium. The combination pill was 100% effective, with no failures. 23 cases (12.5%) failed to continue through the 18th cycle. 4 cases stopped after the 2nd cycle and 6 more after the 4th; the remaining stopped after the 12th cycle. No change in menstrual pattern was noticed in 136 (73.9%) of the cases; 14 presented with menorrhagia and endometrial biopsy of one of these showed regressive and mixed endometrial changes. 2 cases of intermenstrual spotting were reported. Hypomenorrhea was reported in 16 cases. Side effects were generally effects on the central nervous system: 7 cases of headache and dizziness, 7 cases of mild depression, and 3 cases of sexual anorexia. No gastrointestinal side effects were reported. 44 cases (of 53) continued lactation, and 9 noticed a progressive decrease in the amount of milk produced. 8 cases gained weight and 13 lost, 2 enough to quit using the pills. Hair loss was a noticeable complaint in 5 cases. Endometrial biopsies revealed grades of arrest of endometrial development. 85% showed a resting endometrial pattern, whereas 15% were atrophic. Endometrial response was rather irregular and mainly of the mixed type in 90% of the cases and about 10% were proliferative.
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PMID:A clinico-pathological study of Neogynon as a new oral contraceptive steroid. 1226 40

100 women used the sequential preparation Physiostat for a total of 1029 cycles. 65 were between 20 and 40 years of age, 24 were nulliparae, and 59 were workers or employees. No pregnancies were reported. After 6-12 cycles of use, very few menstrual irregularities were reported, and 99% had no spotting after the first cycle of use. In one case, the preparation had to be discontinued due to vascular disorders. There were 5 cases of headaches, one of nausea. 9% reported no change in weight. 6 women reported improvement of an acne condition. 2 women discontinued Physiostat use due to a reduction in libido; 18 reported that their libido increased during Physiostat use.
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PMID:[Physiostat: normophasic oral contraceptive]. 1226 83

Cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis (CVST) can present with a variety of clinical symptoms ranging from isolated headache to deep coma. Prognosis is better than previously thought and prospective studies have reported an independent survival of more than 80% of patients. Although it may be difficult to predict recovery in an individual patient, clinical presentation on hospital admission and the results of neuroimaging investigations are--apart from the underlying condition--the most important prognostic factors. Comatose patients with intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) on admission brain scan carry the highest risk of a fatal outcome. Available treatment data from controlled trials favour the use of anticoagulation (AC) as the first-line therapy of CVST because it may reduce the risk of a fatal outcome and severe disability and does not promote ICH. A few patients deteriorate despise adequate AC which may warrant the use of more aggressive treatment modalities such as local thrombolysis. The risk of recurrence is low (< 10%) and most relapses occur within the first 12 months. Analogous to patients with extracerebral venous thrombosis, oral AC is usually continued for 3 months after idiopathic CVST and for 6-12 months in patients with inherited or acquired thrombophilia but controlled data proving the benefit of long-term AC in patients with CVST are not available.
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PMID:Cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis. 1499 84

First described by Natali, the ossifying haemangioma is a rare entity. Although cases of ossifying haemangioma have been described in the literature, no involvement of the frontal sinus has been presented yet. We present a 46-year-old female patient who complained of recurrent cephalalgia and pressure in her forehead for 3 months. A computerized tomography scan demonstrated a compact radiopaque density arising from the floor of the middle cavity of her frontal sinus. Surgery was performed using the coronal approach. A rhomboid-shaped ossified tumour in the middle cavity of the frontal sinus was found with no signs of bleeding, partially obstructing the right sinus ostium. The small tumour was removed at the very base showing slight bleeding. Two weeks later, during the clinical follow-up, the patient did not complain of any of her previous symptoms. Previous studies have presented ossifying haemangioma of the temporal bone as an extremely aggressive entity affecting the 7th cranial nerve. In our case, the frontal sinus showed no signs of destruction of the adjacent tissue, and the only associated symptom was frontal cephalalgia. Because no critical surgical complications have been observed, no further changes to the surgical procedure appear necessary. We recommend performing a computerized tomography 6-12 months after surgery for follow-up to detect possible tumour regrowth.
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PMID:Ossifying haemangioma of the frontal sinus. 1516 8

The aim of the study was to chart incidence and clinical features of tick-borne relapsing fever in Tanzania. Consecutive patients with fever and spirochetes demonstrated in a thick blood smear at Haydom Lutheran Hospital from 1 January to 31 December 2003 underwent clinical and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination. Forty-four patients were included, making an estimated minimum annual incidence of 11 per 100 000 population in this region. The mortality rate was 2.3% (95% CI = 0-12). The most frequent complaints were generalized malaise (93%), headache (86%), nausea and vomiting (52%). None of the patients [0% (95% CI = 0-8)] had focal neurological symptoms. Cell count in CSF was normal in 22 and slightly elevated (6-12 leukocytes/mm(3)) in 20 patients. Two of three pregnancies had a poor outcome. Jarisch-Herxheimer reactions, bleeding complications and ocular manifestations were infrequent. In conclusion, tick-borne relapsing fever is a common disease in the Northern highland of Tanzania, but in contrast to other parts of the world, neurological involvement is uncommon in this area.
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PMID:Absence of focal neurological involvement in tick-borne relapsing fever in northern Tanzania. 1588 49

Recurrent epistaxis is a common pediatric problem with uncertain etiology in most cases. We observed frequent complaints, or history of epistaxis in children with migraine. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is an association between epistaxis and migraine in children. A detailed questionnaire was used to conduct a study of 45 consecutive patients, ages 6-11 years, with migraine, diagnosed according to the 1997 proposed pediatric revisions to the International Headache Society criteria; the patients were evaluated in our Pediatric Neurology Clinic. Control subjects consisted of 64 children without recurrent headaches, matched as a group for age and sex, and drawn as a convenient sample from two general pediatric practices and an elementary school. Sixteen (36%) of 45 patients with migraine had epistaxis as compared with 7 (11%) of 64 control subjects (odds ratio = 4.5; 95% confidence interval 1.6-12.1; P = 0.002). Epistaxis began an average of 3 years before migraine with similar characteristics to idiopathic epistaxis in habitual nose-bleeders, such as onset in early childhood, high incidence in sleep, and family history of epistaxis. This study demonstrates a significant association between migraine and recurrent epistaxis in children. Recurrent epistaxis increased the odds of migraine more than fourfold. Moreover, these data raise the question of whether epistaxis may represent a precursor to childhood migraine. The two disorders may share a common pathogenesis, and a prospective, longitudinal study is required to define further the relationship between them.
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PMID:Migraine and recurrent epistaxis in children. 1608 52

Structural features of amlodipine give the molecule physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties that are unique among calcium antagonists. Amlodipine is absorbed gradually after oral administration (peak plasma levels 6-12 h postdose) and has an absolute bioavailability of 64%. Low clearance and a high volume of distribution give amlodipine a long elimination half-life, and mean effective plasma levels are maintained with once-daily doses. With repeated once-daily dosing, the steady state is achieved after the seventh to ninth dose. The pharmacokinetic properties of amlodipine avoid the sharp fluctuations in plasma level seen with other calcium antagonists that are associated with vasodilatation-induced side effects such as tachycardia, headache, and flushing. The pharmacokinetics of amlodipine are not significantly altered in elderly or renally impaired patients, but there is reduced clearance in patients with hepatic impairment. There are no pharmacokinetic interactions between amlodipine and cimetidine or digoxin.
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PMID:Amlodipine: pharmacokinetic profile of a low-clearance calcium antagonist. 1629 97

In Japan, the main source of dioxins is incinerators. This study examined the relationship between the distance of schools from municipal waste incineration plants and the prevalence of allergic disorders and general symptoms in Japanese children. Study subjects were 450,807 elementary school children aged 6-12 years who attended 996 public elementary schools in Osaka Prefecture in Japan. Parents of school children completed a questionnaire that included items about illnesses and symptoms in the study child. Distance of each of the public elementary schools from all of the 37 municipal waste incineration plants in Osaka Prefecture was measured using geographical information systems packages. Adjustment was made for grade, socioeconomic status and access to health care per municipality. Decreases in the distance of schools from the nearest municipal waste incineration plant were independently associated with an increased prevalence of wheeze, headache, stomach ache, and fatigue (adjusted odds ratios [95% confidence intervals] for shortest vs. longest distance categories =1.08 [1.01-1.15], 1.05 [1.00-1.11], 1.06 [1.01-1.11], and 1.12 [1.08-1.17], respectively). A positive association with fatigue was pronounced in schools within 4 km of the second nearest municipal waste incineration plant. There was no evident relationship between the distance of schools from such a plant and the prevalence of atopic dermatitis or allergic rhinitis. The findings suggest that proximity of schools to municipal waste incineration plants may be associated with an increased prevalence of wheeze, headache, stomach ache, and fatigue in Japanese children.
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PMID:Relationship between distance of schools from the nearest municipal waste incineration plant and child health in Japan. 1633 34


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