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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although cold syrup containing dextromethorpan bromide is widely administered, the bromism due to cold syrup has not been reported. We report a patient who had negative anion gap with hyperchloremia and conscious loss because of daily intake of cold complex syrup (containing dextromethorphan bromide 0.4 mg/ml, acetaminophen 8.33 mg/ml) for headache for 4-5 years. The bromide content in cold complex syrup resulted in serum levels of bromide that interfered with the automated analyzers for chloride content. When conscious change is due to bromism, hemodialysis instead of forced hydration and diuresis should be performed immediately. Therefore, patients with a markedly negative anion gap with hyperchloremia should be considered as having halide intoxication.
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PMID:Spurious hyperchloremia and decreased anion gap in a patient with dextromethorphan bromide. 148 76

The side effects of chronic pyridostigmine bromide administration were studied in seven male soldiers performing moderate-intensity exercise in a desert environment. A 2-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design was employed in which pyridostigmine was administered for 7 consecutive days (30 mg orally, t.i.d.). Four hours each day were spent in the heat (42 degrees C, 20% relative humidity); 2 hours rest followed by 2 hours moderate exercise (40% maximal aerobic power). Each day, subjects completed four symptom questionnaires and received three focused physical examinations. Symptoms reported did not differ between treatment groups except for fewer headaches during pyridostigmine treatment. Soldiers were unable to distinguish the effects of pyridostigmine from placebo. Pyridostigmine was associated with lower resting diastolic blood pressure (approximately 4 mmHg, p less than 0.05), smaller pupil diameter (approximately 0.5 mm, p less than 0.01), decreased handgrip strength (approximately 3%, p less than 0.05), and higher final rectal temperature (approximately 0.1 degree C, p less than 0.01). Effects of this magnitude are not likely to appreciably limit performance. We conclude that chronic pyridostigmine administration does not negatively impact on soldiers' ability to perform physical work over repeated days in a desert environment.
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PMID:Chronic pyridostigmine bromide administration: side effects among soldiers working in a desert environment. 163 Jun 57

In 52 patients 0.5-3.0 ml of iohexol, 180 mg/ml, was injected using lateral injection technique and fluoroscopy control. A total of 146 lumbar discs using local anaesthesia was injected. Two types of premedication were used; either diazepam alone or diazepam in combination with pethidine and glycopyrronium bromide. There was no difference in the discography injection pain between the groups (X2 = 0.774, P greater than 0.05]. During discography, some patients had nausea (2%), convulsions (4%), back pain (6%) and hypotension (10%), but no allergic reactions were seen. This suggests that these immediate reactions are more related to the procedure itself than to the non-ionic ratio 3.0 iohexol contrast medium. More troublesome iatrogenic complications were seen the day after the discography in the form of severe headache (10%) probably related to liquor leakage, and increasing low back pain (81%). The latter may be caused by local haematoma or chemical irritation from iohexol. Patients with no pain during injection had a relatively slight need for analgesics (Somer's D = -0.196, P less than 0.05).
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PMID:Premedication and short term complications in iohexol discography. 183 70

Forty patients with irritable bowel syndrome were randomly allocated to treatment with octylonium bromide (20 mg TID) or cimetropium bromide (50 mg BID) in a double-blind trial lasting for six weeks. Drugs were taken before meals, according to a double-blind schedule. Clinical evaluations were made of digestive and other symptoms, objective findings (pain at palpation, contracted colon, tympanites), and overall effectiveness of treatment. Statistically significant decreases in severity of abdominal pain and subjective scores for bowel habits were obtained in both groups. The only statistically significant differences between treatments were in nondigestive symptoms (asthenia, palpitations, tremor, headache, etc.), which improved more in the cimetropium bromide group. No severe side effects were observed in either treatment group.
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PMID:Double-blind study of a new antimuscarinic, cimetropium bromide, in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. 352 59

Methyl bromide (MeBr) is used as an insecticide fumigant. Four deaths and three recent hospitalizations have resulted from exposures to MeBr in Dade County, FL. Six cases occurred during burglaries of tented houses over a nine-month period. In four lethal exposures, the symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and malaise preceded fulminant respiratory failure. Two of these also had seizures, delirium, and agitation. Serum or plasma bromide ion levels ranged from 40 to 583 mg/L. Pulmonary edema, hyaline membranes, and hemorrhagic alveolitis were present at autopsy along with varying degrees of cerebral edema. The nonlethal exposures resulted in symptoms of conjunctival irritation, headache, or nausea. Plasma bromide concentrations varied between 17.5 and 321 mg/L. Methyl bromide characteristics, use, morbidity, and mortality in Florida during the past 25 years are reviewed. Remedies for illegal entry are proposed.
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PMID:Death and injury caused by methyl bromide, an insecticide fumigant. 661 79

The serologic responses and the side effects resulting from the administration of a new subunit vaccine against influenza were compared with those of a currently available whole-virus vaccine in an elderly population. The subunit vaccine is prepared by cleavage of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase surface antigens from the virus with a cationic detergent, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. The resulting vaccine is more selectively reduced to these primary antigens than are the available subunit vaccines produced by the use of lipid solvents that disrupt the viral membrane [1]. Previous studies in younger individuals with new subunit preparations of earlier H3N2-subtype viruses as well as influenza A/New Jersey/76 (HswN1) and B/Hong Kong/73 viruses indicated that antibody responses in primed, although not in unprimed, populations wee comparable to those induced by whole-virus vaccines and that side effects were few [2,3]. There were not statistically significant differences in the serologic responses of the vaccine recipients except that the percentage of recipients who achieved titers of HAI antibodies of 1:10 or 1:20 to influenza B/Singapore/222/70 virus after vaccination was greater in the subjects who received the subunit vaccine. There were no statistically significant differences in the percentage of recipients with an antibody response (fourfold or greater in titer) or in the geometric mean titers of HAI antibodies after vaccination between those who had received the trivalent influenza virus vaccine in 1979 and those who had no history of vaccination in 1979. Mild redness and/or tenderness were noticed at the injection site between 6 and 48 hr after vaccination in 16 subjects who received the subunit vaccine and in four subjects who received the subunit vaccine and two who received the whole-virus vaccine (P less than 0.01 by chi 2 test). One patient in each group complained of headache; four subjects who received the subunit vaccine and two who received the whole-virus vaccine complained of fatigue.
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PMID:Responses of elderly subjects to a new subunit influenza virus vaccine. 705 32

Perfluorooctyl bromide is an oxygen-carrying perfluorocarbon presently under development as an artificial blood substitute (Oxygent HT). Intravenous (i.v.) Oxygent HT elicits a mild side-effect profile in man characterized by early onset headache and nausea and delayed onset fever. Early onset flushing has also been observed. Species of Artiodactyla are sensitive to particulate injections and demonstrate a transient pulmonary hypertensive response thought to be associated with the large number of pulmonary intravascular macrophages found in these species. Because of this sensitivity, we chose the swine as a model for further investigations. In anesthetized and conscious swine, i.v. Oxygent HT transiently increased mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) and caused flushing. Both effects peaked at 30 min post injection and were resolved by 2 hrs. Plasma thromboxane B2 (TxB) increased in response to Oxygent HT. Oxygent HT-induced changes in mPAP, flush, and plasma TxB were blocked by aspirin and ibuprofen. Dexamethasone and SQ 29,548 (thromboxane receptor antagonist) blocked the mPAP increase. In conscious swine, Oxygent HT caused a febrile response which was blocked by ibuprofen or dexamethasone. Thus, both early- and late-onset effects of Oxygent HT in swine are blocked by interference with the arachidonic acid cascade. These findings suggest that the 2-phase "flu-like" syndrome induced by Oxygent HT is secondary to the release of products of the arachidonic acid cascade and may be effectively prophylaxed in man with corticosteroids or long plasma half-life cyclooxygenase inhibitors.
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PMID:Characterization and mechanism of side-effects of Oxygent HT (highly concentrated fluorocarbon emulsion) in swine. 784 64

The purpose of this longitudinal open but not comparative study was to confirm the safety and efficacy of Lysine clonixinate (125 mg) and hyoscinbutylbromide (10 mg) capsules, during a period of observation of there menstrual cycles on 30 women with uterine dysfunction due to primary or secondary dysmenorrhea. The time of evolution for primary dysmenorrhea was of 4.46 years, and for secondary was of 1.77 years. Some associated manifestations of dysmenorrhea were: nausea (92%), vomit (92%), general pain (82.1%), abdominal pain (85.7%) and headache (46.4%). Regarding to the menstrual pain intensity, at first was highly severe in 10.7% severe in 42.9%, and moderate in 46.4%. At the end of the study, only 1 of 28 patients showed menstrual pain of moderate intensity. Only three adverse effects of light intensity were found without needing treatment, related to the manifestations of gastralgia and sleepiness. The association of a spasmolytic analgesic (Lysine clonixinate and hyoscinbutylbromide bromide) on the treatment for primary or secondary dysmenorrhea, reduces and prevents the menstrual pain (colic) as well as the associated manifestations with few spasmolytic association is efficacy and safety.
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PMID:[Analgesic-antispasmodic effect and safety of lysine clonixinate and L-hyoscinbutylbromide in the treatment of dysmenorrhea]. 958 Feb 20

Occasionally children are the victims of mass poisoning from an environmental contaminant that occurs due to an unexpected common point source of exposure. In many cases the contaminant is a widely used chemical generally considered to be safe. In the following case, members of a sports team visiting a community for an athletic event were exposed to chemicals while staying at a local motel. Bromine-based sanitizing agents and other chemicals such as hydrochloric acid, which were used in excess in the motel's swimming pool, may have accounted for symptoms experienced by the boy reported here and at least 16 other adolescents. Samples of pool water contained excess bromine (8.2 microg/mL; ideal pool bromine concentration is 2-4 microg/mL). Symptoms and signs attributable to bromine toxicity included irritative skin rashes; eye, nose, and throat irritation; bronchospasm; reduced exercise tolerance; fatigue; headache; gastrointestinal disturbances; and myalgias. While most of the victims recovered within a few days, the index case and several other adolescents had persistent or recurrent symptoms lasting weeks to months after the exposure.
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PMID:Reactive airways dysfunction and systemic complaints after mass exposure to bromine. 1033 53

More than 2200 subjects were enrolled in the MorphiDex (MS:DM) development program, with a 1:1 (weight:weight) ratio of morphine sulfate (MS) to dextromethorphan hydrobromide (DM). Of the 1400 subjects exposed to MorphiDex, more than 350 subjects were treated for at least 6 months, and over 200 subjects were treated for a year or longer. The clinical population comprised an approximately equal number of men (46.2%) and women (53.8%), ranging in age from 16 to 96 years, and mostly Caucasian (91.8%). The most frequent (54.8%) daily dose of MorphiDex for subjects enrolled in the clinical program was 120 mg or less. Slow DM metabolizers took significantly lower daily doses of MorphiDex than rapid metabolizers without a significant difference in the incidence of adverse events. Plasma bromide concentrations were low and showed a wide margin of safety for both slow and rapid DM metabolizers. There were no clinically significant treatment-related changes in clinical laboratory tests, neurological examinations, or vital signs. The most common adverse events seen in the multiple dose controlled studies were nausea, dizziness, vomiting, somnolence, constipation, confusion, asthenia, headache, and pruritus. With long-term treatment, the prevalence of adverse events was greatest during the first month of MorphiDex exposure and then decreased over time. The incidence of constipation remained fairly constant over time.
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PMID:Long-term safety of MorphiDex. 1068 40


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