Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of prostaglandin E1 and 17 phenyl trinor PGE2 on nasal patency has been studied in healthy volunteers and in patients with vasomotor and allergic rhinitis. Both drugs applied topically increased nasal patency. The effect of a single dose of either compound lasted for several hours. Prostaglandin E1 produced nasal irritation and throbbing, lacrimation, headache and sore throat. Except for occasional brief nasal irritation, these side effects were not encountered with 17 phenyl trinor PGE2.
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PMID:Effect of topical prostaglandins on nasal patency in man. 7 9

It was recently suggested that prostaglandins' release (especially PGE1 and PGF2alpha) play a key role in the development of the migrainous attack. Based on this hypothesis a therapeutic trial with flufenamic acid (a prostaglandin inhibitor of the fenamates group) was conducted during 1 year in 5 patients suffering from recurrent ophthalmoplegic migraine. We treated 25 migrainous attacks; in 22 of them the patients reported marked alleviation of the headaches and only in two occasions a partial third nerve palsy accompanied the attack.
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PMID:Ophthalmoplegic migraine: amelioration by Flufenamic acid, a prostaglandin inhibitor. 33 Nov 78

Total plasma free fatty acids, platelet serotonin content and plasma stearic, palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids were estimated in 10 migraine patients before, during and after a migraine attack. Total and individual plasma free fatty acid levels rose and platelet serotonin content fell in most patients. The highest rise was observed in linoleic acid, which is known to be a potent liberator of platelet serotonin in vitro and is the only precursor of all prostaglandins in the body. It is suggested that the rise in plasma levels of linoleic acid in migraine could be responsible for the platelet serotonin release observed during the attack. At the same time, it may also serve as a source of increased prostaglandin E1 synthesis, which has a powerful vasodilating effect. It is realized that both suggestions have to be confirmed by relevant investigations, as outlined in the body of this paper.
Res Clin Stud Headache 1978
PMID:Role of individual free fatty acids in migraine. 72 45

Total plasma free fatty acids (FFAs), platelet serotonin content and plasma stearic, palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids were estimated in 10 migrainous patients before, during and after a migraine attack. Total and individual plasma FFA levels rose and platelet serotonin fell in most patients. Comparison of the pre-headache and headache mean values showed that of the FFAs linoleic acid rises most during headache. 10 non-migrainous controls had platelet serotonin content estimated before and after the ingestion of 20g linoleic acid. All showed a significant fall in platelet serotonin in the post-ingestion period. It is shown that linoleic acid releases platelet serotonin in vitro, and this study suggests that it has the same action in vivo. Further, it is the precursor of all prostaglandins in the body and its marked elevation during migraine may serve as a source of increased prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) synthesis. It is suggested that linoleic acid plays an important role in the biochemical process of the migraine attack, acting both as a serotonin releasing factor and a source of PGF1, the vasodilating action of which can aggravate the clinical symptoms of migraine.
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PMID:Individual free fatty acids and migraine. 75 14

The effect of a range of prostanoids on human and rabbit basilar arteries precontracted in vitro in the presence of the thromboxane receptor-blocking drug AH23848B was investigated. On the rabbit basilar artery and in the presence of AH23848B the thromboxane A2 mimetic U-46619 produced further concentration-related contractions of the tissue. All other prostaglandins (except ICI81008 and PGF2 alpha which had no effect) produced concentration-related relaxations with the rank order of relaxant potency being PGE2 greater than Iloprost greater than PGI2 = PGE1 = 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 = PGD2. On the human basilar artery PGI2 and iloprost produced concentration-related relaxations with iloprost being more potent than PGI2. At high concentrations both these compounds produced reduced relaxant responses. All other prostanoids (except ICI81008 and PGD2 which had no effect) contracted the tissue, the rank order of contractile potency being 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 greater than PGE2 greater than PGF2 alpha = PGE1 greater than U46619 much greater than ICI81008 and PGD2. It is concluded that the human basilar artery possesses two contractile prostanoid receptors, a TP receptor and one which may be of the EP-type in addition to a prostanoid receptor mediating relaxation which may be of the IP-type. The prostanoid receptor(s) mediating relaxation of the rabbit in vitro basilar artery is difficult to determine. The relevance of the observations to cerebrovascular disorders such as migraine and vasospasm is discussed.
Cephalalgia 1989 Sep
PMID:Effects of prostanoids on human and rabbit basilar arteries precontracted in vitro. 252 33

The efficacy and tolerability of intra-arterial and intravenous PGE1 infusions in patients with occlusive arterial disease [OAD] were studied in two independent multicentre therapeutic trials. In the first study 218 patients with OAD stage III/IV were given an i.a. infusion of 1/2 to 1 ampoule of Prostavasin (10-20 micrograms PGE1) in 50 ml physiological saline solution, once a day. 211 patients took part in the second study. Patients in stage III received one i.v. infusion of 3 ampoules Prostavasin (60 micrograms PGE1) once daily, and patients in stage IV received one i.v. infusion of 2 ampoules Prostavasin (40 micrograms PGE1) twice daily, in 100-250 ml physiological saline solution. In both studies the treatment period was 4 weeks. Both i.a. and i.v. administration afforded a significant improvement in the clinical symptoms. Ulcers healed completely in 18.6% of patients under i.a. treatment (i.v.: 10.7%) and partially healed in 38.9% (i.v.: 51.1%). 50% of the patients became pain-free in the course of i.a. treatment (i.v.: 47.7%) and, at the end of the study, 61.5% no longer required analgesics (i.v.: 48.6%). Stratification of the patients into diabetics and non-diabetics showed that in the main the therapeutic response in diabetic patients was as good as in non-diabetics, allowing for the fact that the clinical pictures were usually distinctly more severe in the diabetic patients. The adverse drug reactions were, predominantly, familiar symptoms such as redness, swelling and pain in the infused extremity and phlebitis-like redness along the course of the infused vein, gastro-intestinal symptoms and headache.
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PMID:Efficacy and tolerability of intra-arterial and intravenous prostaglandin E1 infusions in occlusive arterial disease stage III/IV. 260 42

The use of Gemeprost vaginal suppositories has been evaluated in a trial for induction of the cervical dilatation in non pregnant women. 30 voluntary patients, 22 nulliparous and 8 pluriparous, had to be subjected to biopsy of the endometrium; 24 were treated for the control of sterility and 6 for menstrual perimenopausal disorders. The biopsies of the sterility control were effected in the second half of the cycle, generally without having recourse to narcosis. A single Gemeprost pessary containing 1 mg of 16, 16-dimethyl-trans-delta 2 PGE1 methyl ester was intravaginal administered, deeply into the posterior fornix, 3 hours before the biopsy. The success rate was 86.66 (26 pts.) with an average dilatation of 5.38 H (Hegar) +/- 0.75 SD. For 4 patients (13.33%) having a dilatation less than 4 H, it was necessary to complete the dilatation mechanically. All the observed side effects presented a modest intensity: cephalalgia 6.6% (no. 2), gastralgia 3.3% (no. 1), vaginal burning 6.6% (no. 2). No significant variation of vital function parameters was recorded. In conclusion this type of preparation of the cervix has permitted us to achieve a more gradual dilatation and to prevent the traumata of the cervico-isthmic system due to forced mechanical dilatations by the exclusive use of Hegar's dilators.
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PMID:Vaginal administration of gemeprost for preoperative cervical dilatation in non pregnant patients. 275 67

Prostaglandins (PG), particularly PGE, may be linked to the pathophysiology of migraine in several important ways. PGE1 may "simulate" a migraine attack in healthy volunteers. PGE may be elevated in patients with migraine. In animal experiments and in human infusions, PGEs cause vasodilation and hyperalgesia, both typical reactions of inflammation. The view that vascular headache is an "inflammatory reaction" allows the best concept concerning the local role of PGs and the effectiveness of PG-inhibitors in the treatment of migraine. The local role of PGs may provide a common denominator in several hormonal, neural and other influences on vessels. The common triggers of a migraine attack like menstruation, alcohol and stress influence the PG-system and even the dietary reactions, hormonal influences, sleep and reserpine have some connections with the PG-system. A local role for PGs does not diminish the importance of other pathophysiological mechanisms operating during an attack. On the contrary, PGs may fill in gaps in our understanding of how the overt pain of attacks is produced.
Cephalalgia 1985 May
PMID:Relevance of prostaglandins in migraine. 401 46

Available published material of adverse reactions to prostaglandins (PGs) at various dosages routes and levels is reviewed. Animal studies are of 2 kinds: studies of pharmacological effects and studies of toxicological reactions (i.e., acute dose levels). The pharmacology of PGs show the drugs have 3 areas of action: 1) smooth muscle effects, either contraction or relaxation (cardiovascular effects and reproductive tract; relaxation of vascular smooth muscles by some PGs and contraction by others); 2) nervous system effects; and 3) lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. In humans, PGE1 was administered intravenously and it was found that adverse effects were related to rate of administration rather than to total dose; side effects included flushing, headache, visual disturbances, and restlessness, factors which might suggest a correlation with central nervous system effects (as found in animal studies). PGE1 administered at acute doses orally, by inhalation, and intradermally show effects attributable to gastrointestinal disturbances, respiratory problems, and erythematous responses. In general, studies in humans of other PGs have found similar adverse reactions, all of which are explained by known mechanisms of action of PGs. Dose levels constituting acutity are dependent on route (i.e., oral doses are much higher than intravenous doses), with rapid intravenous infusion causing the most adverse reactions.
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PMID:Toxicology of the prostaglandins. 421 9

The safety, efficacy, and acceptability of menstrual regulation with prostaglandin (PG) El vaginal suppositories was investagated in 534 women whose menses was delayed up to 8 weeks from the last menstrual period. 5 suppositories, each containing 1 mg of 16,16 dimethyl-trans-delta 2 PG El methyl ester, were inserted high in the vagina at 3 hour intervals. The success of treatment was assessed by 2 alternate criteria: 1) induction of bleeding, or 2) induction of bleeding and no surgical intervention. The success rate was 98.9% according to the 1st criterion and 86% according to the 2nd criterion. The mean duration of bleeding after treatment was 6.7 days. 47.9% of women experienced moderate bleeding and 43.8% reported heavy bleeding following treatment. Surgical intervention (curettage or vacuum aspiration) was required in 74 of the 528 bleeding cases and in 1 of the 6 nonbleeding cases with positive signs of pregnancy. The surgical intervention was performed because bleeding was considered to be either excessive or prolonged. Side effects tended to manifest themselves between the 1st and 2nd administration of suppositories. Abdominal cramps occurred in 66% of subjects; other side effects were minimal, including vomiting (2.8%), headache (5.8%), nausea (7.8%), and diarrhea (8.8%). These findings suggest that menstrual regulation with PGE1 suppositories is a safe method with the advantages of ease of administration, reversibility, a high success rate, acceptable bleeding duration, only mild side effects, and induction of menses without the need for surgical intervention. The simplicity of vaginal administration offers potential for self-treatment. Use of this method of menstrual regulation could be especially advantageious in countries with restrictive abortion laws. Single administration of a suppository, or parenteral administration, could improve the acceptability of this method.
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PMID:Menstrual regulation with prostaglandin (Pg ONO 802) in Indonesia. 615 28


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