Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Primary fibromyalgia syndrome (PFS) is characterized by widespread chronic pain that affects the musculoskeletal system, fatigue, anxiety, sleep disturbance, headache and postural hypotension. The pathophysiology of PFS is unknown. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis seems to play an important role in PFS. Both hyperactivity and hypoactivity of the HPA axis have been reported in patients with PFS. In this study we assessed the HPA axis by 1 microg ACTH stimulation test and metyrapone test in 22 patients with PFS and in 15 age-, sex-, and body mass index (BMI)- matched controls. Metyrapone (30 mg/kg) was administered orally at 23:00 h and blood was sampled at 08:30 h the following morning for 11-deoxycortisol. ACTH stimulation test was carried out by using 1 microg (iv) ACTH as a bolus injection after an overnight fast, and blood samples were drawn at 0, 30 and 60 min. Peak cortisol level (659.4 +/- 207.2 nmol/l) was lower in the patients with PFS than peak cortisol level (838.7 +/- 129.6 nmol/l) in the control subjects (p < 0.05). Ten patients (45%) with PFS had peak cortisol responses to 1 microg ACTH test lower than the lowest peak cortisol detected in healthy controls. After metyrapone test 11-deoxycortisol level was 123.7 +/- 26 nmol/l in patients with PFS and 184.2 +/- 17.3 nmol/l in the controls (p < 0.05). Ninety five percent of the patients with PFS had lower 11-deoxycortisol level after metyrapone than the lowest 11-deoxycortisol level after metyrapone detected in healthy controls. We also compared the adrenal size of the patients with that of the healthy subjects and we found that the adrenal size between the groups was similar. This study clearly shows that HPA axis is underactivated in PFS, rather than overactivated.
 ...
PMID:Investigation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) by 1 microg ACTH test and metyrapone test in patients with primary fibromyalgia syndrome. 1505 42

Anemia is a frequent extraintestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that is commonly overlooked, despite its significant impact on quality of life. Characteristic symptoms include chronic fatigue, headache, and subtle impairment of cognitive function, although some less common symptoms include dyspnea, dizziness, pica, angular stomatitis, shortened attention span, and esophageal webs. Several types of anemia are associated with IBD, but iron deficiency anemia (IDA) accounts for the majority of cases and others include anemia of chronic disease, anemia associated with vitamin deficiency (vitamin B12 and folate), autoimmune anemia, and anemia caused by medication used to treat IBD. The diagnosis of IDA relies on laboratory blood tests. Therefore, these tests should be obtained on a regular basis because characteristic symptoms may be absent or not readily recognized by patients and their clinicians. Complete blood count may suffice; however, iron studies and serum vitamin levels may be necessary to differentiate between specific types of anemia. During the diagnostic process, it is important to consider coexistence of different types of anemia, especially if no response to therapy is noted. The therapy for anemia is directed towards treatment of the underlying inflammatory process and supplemental therapy, depending on the type of deficiency. Iron deficiency anemia is treated with iron preparations, first orally, and if unresponsive or if associated with untoward adverse events leading to decrease in adherence with the therapeutic regimen, with intravenous preparations. Intramuscular therapy has been abandoned due to high rate of complications. Intravenous therapy may be administered as a multiple-dose regimen (intravenous iron sucrose and gluconate) or as a single intravenous dose (iron dextran), which is associated with a higher risk of allergic infusion reactions and requires obligatory test dose administration. Treatment with erythropoietin is reserved for a select subgroup of patients with anemia of chronic disease. With appropriate treatment, the majority of patients with IBD will have significant improvement or resolution of anemia, which can lead to a better quality of life. However, a high index of suspicion should be maintained in order to identify the precise cause of anemia and to prescribe the appropriate therapy.
 ...
PMID:Treatment of iron deficiency anemia in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. 1616 7

Chordoid meningioma is a rare meningothelial tumor characterized by chordoma-like histological features with lymphoplasmacellular infiltration. This tumor is often seen in children, but not in adults, with a systemic inflammatory syndrome (iron-resistant microcytic anemia and/or dysgammaglobulinemia) and very rarely with a persistent moderate hyperthermia. In the present report the authors describe a temporal chordoid meningioma in a 30-year-old woman who presented with fever, headache, and a serological inflammatory syndrome. The clinical symptomatology, chiefly the fever, disappeared immediately after removal of the tumor. To the authors' knowledge, only one similar patient with such clinical presentation and response to surgery has been mentioned in the literature. Interestingly, at immunohistochemical examination, the neoplasm showed focal positivity for the pyrogenic cytokine interleukin-6. The capacity of the tumor to produce this pyrogenic cytokine could explain both the patient's clinical presentation and her response to the surgical management.
 ...
PMID:Pyrogenic cytokine interleukin-6 expression by a chordoid meningioma in an adult with a systemic inflammatory syndrome. Case report and review of the literature. 1623 90

There is considerable overlap in the mechanisms mediating migraine headache pain and sustained opioid-induced paradoxical pain. Both involve upregulation of calcitonin gene-related peptide and increased excitability of dorsal horn neurons. Descending facilitation from the rostral ventromedial medulla may contribute to this increased excitability. Using special magnetic resonance imaging techniques, high iron levels were found in the periaqueductal gray of patients with chronic daily headache with medication overuse. The periaqueductal gray is the center of a powerful descending antinociceptive neuronal network and projects to the rostral ventromedial medulla and subsequently to the dorsal horn. The periaqueductal gray is also involved in the behavioral response to opiate withdrawal. Dysfunction in the periaqueductal gray may explain why frequent analgesic use can result in medication overuse headache in migraineurs. Management of transformed migraine with medication overuse involves patient education, biobehavioral therapy, withdrawal of overused acute medications, bridge therapy for withdrawal headache, initiation of preventive medication, and close follow-up.
 ...
PMID:Pathophysiology and management of transformed migraine and medication overuse headache. 1662 34

Smoking causes a variety of adverse effects on organs that have no direct contact with the smoke itself such as the liver. It induces three major adverse effects on the liver: direct or indirect toxic effects, immunological effects and oncogenic effects. Smoking yields chemical substances with cytotoxic potential which increase necro-inflammation and fibrosis. In addition, smoking increases the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6 and TNF- alpha) that would be involved in liver cell injury. It contributes to the development of secondary polycythemia and in turn to increased red cell mass and turnover which might be a contributing factor to secondary iron overload disease promoting oxidative stress of hepatocytes. Increased red cell mass and turnover are associated with increased purine catabolism which promotes excessive production of uric acid. Smoking affects both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses by blocking lymphocyte proliferation and inducing apoptosis of lymphocytes. Smoking also increases serum and hepatic iron which induce oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation that lead to activation of stellate cells and development of fibrosis. Smoking yields chemicals with oncogenic potential that increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with viral hepatitis and are independent of viral infection as well. Tobacco smoking has been associated with suppression of p53 (tumour suppressor gene). In addition, smoking causes suppression of T-cell responses and is associated with decreased surveillance for tumour cells. Moreover, it has been reported that heavy smoking affects the sustained virological response to interferon (IFN) therapy in hepatitis C patients which can be improved by repeated phlebotomy. Smoker's syndrome is a clinico-pathological condition where patients complain of episodes of facial flushing, warmth of the palms and soles of feet, throbbing headache, fullness in the head, dizziness, lethargy, prickling sensation, pruritus and arthralgia.
 ...
PMID:Heavy smoking and liver. 1703 78

To determine Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) perceptions and iron dietary practices of Jordanian female students and pregnant women, a descriptive quantitative questionnaire was administered to 271 participants: 206 female students and 65 pregnant women. This pilot study found that most participants can identify foods containing iron, but lack appropriate iron intake, because of eating habits and finances; more than 50% report daily symptoms of IDA, including dizziness, fatigue, depression, headaches, and loss of concentration and memory. There are no statistically significant differences in IDA perceptions and iron-related dietary practices based on education, and relatively few based on where participants live, their available financial resources, or their position (pregnant women or young women). Culturally sensitive intervention research, which addresses application of IDA education principles, temporary supplementation, and adequate income for dietary modification and long-term iron supplementation to prevent IDA is warranted.
 ...
PMID:Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) perceptions and dietary iron intake among young women and pregnant women in Jordan. 1720 25

Several studies have suggested that iron metabolism may be involved in the pathogenesis of migraine. Using a case-control design, we performed an association study in a cohort of Italian migraine patients to evaluate whether a particular allele or genotype of the haemochromatosis gene (HFE) would modify the occurrence and clinical features of the disease. We genotyped 256 migraine patients and 237 healthy age-, sex- and ethnicity-matched controls for the C282Y and H63D polymorphisms of the HFE gene. Phenotype and allele frequencies of both polymorphisms were similarly distributed in migraine patients and controls. The patients carrying the DD genotype of the H63D polymorphism showed a later age at onset of the disease and an increased number of migraine attacks. Our data suggest that the HFE gene is not a major disease gene for migraine. However, the H63D polymorphism of the HFE gene may be considered a modifying genetic factor in migraine.
Cephalalgia 2007 Jan
PMID:Haemochromatosis gene (HFE) polymorphisms and migraine: an association study. 1721 77

Coincidence or causality between iron overload and headaches (e.g., daily headache, migraine, and cluster headache) is still under discussion. Herein we report a patient suffering from hereditary hemochromatosis (homozygous C282Y mutation; OMIM: 235220, Locus 6p21.3) and daily headache fulfilling the IHSD-2 criteria of chronic migraine. Three treatments by venesection improved the headache substantially in frequency, intensity, and duration of attacks. We suggest treatment by venesection for iron depletion in patients suffering from hemochromatois and headache.
Headache 2007 Jun
PMID:Chronic daily headache in hereditary hemochromatosis treated by venesection. 1757 48

Reactive thrombocytosis (secondary thrombocytosis) is frequent and typically moderate. We report a case of extreme thrombocytosis and leukocytosis secondary to an iron deficiency anemia. A 21-year-old woman is admitted in emergency department for acute headache. Biological assessment reveals a severe microcytic anaemia (5.4 g/dL) with thrombocytosis (2500 giga/L) and leukocytosis (35 giga/L) leading to multiple diagnosis hypotheses. Finally, biological evaluation concludes to a diagnosis of iron deficiency anaemia related to insufficient oral intake and menorrhagia. Reactive hyperleukocytosis and thrombocytosis rapidly resolved with iron supplementation. This case is a reminder that iron deficiency-related thrombocytosis can sometimes be severe. However, the associated reactive leukocytosis is quite exceptional.
 ...
PMID:[Severe thrombocytosis and leukocytosis associated with iron deficiency anaemia: a case-report]. 1830 30

A study was undertaken to evaluate the safety and efficacy of iron saccharate in regular haemodialysis (HD) patients receiving r-HuEPO. A total of 109 patients (57 males, 52 females, mean age 34.1 + 11.7 years) were included in the study, 64 of whom were iron deficient. The patients were divided into two groups. Group I (n = 58) received high dose iron saccharate (500 mg), intravenously (i.v.) (1-2 doses), and Group II (n = 51) received low dose iron saccharate (100 mg), i.v., thrice per week (5-10 doses). Results at four weeks showed a significant increment in hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), and serum ferritin in both groups. Two patients developed headache, fever and urticaria, and three patients developed fever in group I. None of the patients in group II developed any adverse reaction. Intravenous iron supplementation with iron saccharate in HD patients showing poor response to r-HuEPO, produced satisfactory Hct levels without major side effects and without the need to increase the dose of r-HuEPO. Commonly observed side effects were not seen with the low dose regimen.
 ...
PMID:Intravenous Iron Saccharate in Hemodialysis Patients Receiving r-HuEPO. 1858 28


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>