Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Patients with acute otitis media, tonsillitis and upper respiratory tract infections were divided into 2 groups and treated with ampicillin-cloxacillin (Rectocillin) 1 g/day or ampicillin (AB-PC) 1 g/day, respectively. The therapeutic effect and side effect of these two drugs were studied comparatively by double blind tests. The effective rate in the Rectocillin group was 85.1%, and that in the AB-PC group was 86.7%. There was no significant difference in the therapeutic effect between two drugs. Ten cases in the Rectocillin group and 4 cases in the AB-PC group complained of disorders supposedly due to administration of these drugs. Such side effects in the former group were all gastrointestinal disorders, but in the latter, 2 cases of eruption, one case of headache and one case of gastrointestinal disorder.
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PMID:[Double-blind studies of the effect of ampicillin-cloxacillin (Rectocillin) on acute otorhinolaryngological infections (author's transl)]. 77 45

The clinical presentation, complications and sensitivity pattern was studied in 30 cases of enteric fever. Fever was the main presenting feature in all. Other associated predominant presenting feature were vomiting in 15 (50%), Loose motion 9 (30%), Cough 6 (20%), headache 4 (13.33%) and altered sensorium in 2 (6.66%). The various complications observed during hospital stay were myocarditis 5 (6.16%), Paralytic ileus 2 (6.66%), Pneumonia 1 (3.33%) and Joint effusion in 2 (6.66%) cases respectively. In laboratory parameters-mild elevation of blood urea and SGOT/SGPT were detected in 1st week, which returned to normal in 2-3 weeks time. In vitro sensitivity of organism isolated (24 cases) were as follow--Chloramphenicol 7 (29.16%), Ampicillin 8 (33.33%), Gentamicin 22 (91.66%), Amikacin 24 (100%), Cefotaxime 22 (91.66%), Ciprofloxacin 24 (100%), and Ofloxacin 24 (100%). Clinical response to Ofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin was 100%, and fever subsided in 3-5 days.
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PMID:Changing profile of enteric fever--in summer-91. 130 27

Granisetron (BRL 43694), a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, was assessed as acute therapy for the first time in migraine patients. In an open pilot study 7 migraine attacks were treated in 6 patients. All but 1 patient experienced marked and rapid relief from the headache, and nausea and vomiting were rapidly resolved in the 6 cases where these symptoms accompanied the attack. No side effects were recorded. Development of granisetron for migraine was suspended during the study for extraneous reasons.
Headache 1991 May
PMID:First clinical study of the selective 5-HT3 antagonist, granisetron (BRL 43694), in the acute treatment of migraine headache. 165 Mar 35

The serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) antagonists, which bind at the type 3 receptor (5-HT3 receptor), have been evaluated in several preclinical models and found to be effective in alleviating cancer therapy-related emesis. The antiemetic efficacy of ondansetron (GRF-38032F, odanserin), granisetron (BRL-43694), tropisetron (ICS-205930), MDL-72222 and MDL-73147EF, batanopride (BMY-25801-01) and several others is at various stages of investigation. Ondansetron is currently marketed in several countries and the same will soon be true for granisetron. At this stage it is not yet possible to evaluate the comparative efficacy of each of these compounds, although recent preclinical data reveal some differences in the affinity of these compounds, for other receptors. Side effects related to these agents have been minor, consisting mainly of slight headaches; possible rises in liver enzymes related to some compounds need further evaluation. Future studies will need to determine the exact role of 5-HT3 antagonists, although their cost may confine their use to patients at high risk for side effects from metoclopramide.
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PMID:5-HT3 receptor antagonists. An overview of their present status and future potential in cancer therapy-induced emesis. 172 61

Granisetron (BRL 43694) is a highly selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist which possesses significant antiemetic activity, likely mediated through antagonism of 5-HT3 receptors on abdominal vagal afferents and possibly in or near the chemoreceptor trigger zone. Clinical trials in cancer patients demonstrate that, compared with placebo, granisetron significantly reduces the incidence of nausea and vomiting for 24 hours after administration of high-dose cisplatin. In large comparative trials, 70% of patients who received granisetron prior to cisplatin or other chemotherapy experienced complete inhibition of vomiting with little or no nausea for 24 hours after antineoplastic administration; these results were similar to those obtained with high-dose metoclopramide plus dexamethasone, and superior to a combination of chlorpromazine plus dexamethasone, or prochlorperazine plus dexamethasone, or methylprednisolone monotherapy. The most frequently reported adverse event associated with granisetron administration is headache which occurs in about 10 to 15% of patients while constipation, somnolence, diarrhoea and minor transient changes in blood pressure have been reported less frequently. Extrapyramidal effects, which can occur with high-dose metoclopramide and may be a limiting factor in its use, have not been noted with granisetron administration. Thus, granisetron is an effective, well tolerated and easily administered agent for the prophylaxis of nausea and vomiting induced by cancer chemotherapy which appears to be devoid of extrapyramidal side effects associated with metoclopramide. As a member of a new class of drugs, the selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, granisetron provides the medical oncologist with a new, potentially more acceptable antiemetic therapy.
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PMID:Granisetron. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use as an antiemetic. 172 76

A 16-year-old girl presented with amenorrhea, polyuria, and thirst for eight months and severe headaches for two weeks. An intrasellar mass protruding above the sella turcica was demonstrated by pneumoencephalography. When the tumor was approached surgically by a transsphenoidal route, it was found that the sella turcica contained encapsulated purulent material under pressure. Ampicillin and methicillin had been given preoperatively, and postoperatively she required hormonal replacement therapy for anterior and posterior pituitary hypofunction.
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PMID:A pituitary abscess simulating an intrasellar tumor. 741 96

Levcromakalim (BRL 38227, CAS 94535-50-9) is a new antihypertensive drug with vasodilator activity due to activation of potassium channels in vascular smooth muscle. In this study, we treated 14 patients with essential hypertension on an out-patient basis to investigate the antihypertensive effect of levcromakalim by 24-h blood pressure monitoring for a 12-weeks treatment period. Levcromakalim significantly lowered blood pressure for 24 h without affecting standard deviation, range of variation and pulse rate. When 24-h monitoring period was divided into daytime (6:00-22:00) and nighttime (22:30-5:30), there were no statistically significant differences in magnitude of fall in blood pressure at night between baseline and end of treatment values. Four patients (28.5%) reported 6 adverse events, including headache, facial hot flushes, oedema and floating feeling. All symptoms were mild or moderate. These data show that levcromakalim controls ambulatory blood pressure both in the daytime and nighttime without changing the circadian rhythm of blood pressure, and suggest that levcromakalim will be an efficacious and safe antihypertensive drug.
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PMID:Antihypertensive effect of levcromakalim in patients with essential hypertension. Study by 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. 757 47

The overall incidence of adverse drug reactions following ampicillin and amoxicillin administration to 439 and 169 indoor patients of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi were 19.13% and 15.5% respectively. Ampicillin produced diarrhoea (7.74%), nausea and vomiting (7.74%) anorexia (5.46%) headache (4.10%) and allergic reactions (2.9%). With amoxicillin, anorexia was observed in 4.79%, epigastric distress in 5.9% headache in 6.58%, coating of tongue in 8.98% and dizziness in 1.79% of patients. Intramuscular route of administration of ampicillin produced least ADRs. Females were more susceptible to adverse reactions of ampicillin and males to amoxicillin. Incidence of ADRs by these two aminopenicillins is less than that reported from abroad.
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PMID:Adverse reactions associated with aminopenicillins in Indian population. 827 8

Granisetron (BRL 43694A) is a novel, selective 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonist developed for the prophylaxis and treatment of cytostatic drug-induced emesis. After a brief review of the preclinical evaluation of granisetron the clinical findings with this novel compound are summarised. From the data of large randomised trials one can conclude that granisetron is an active antiemetic, both as a prophylactic and an intervention agent, to an extent which is superior or at least equal to the best available antiemetic combination regimens, having a major efficacy ranging from 74 to 92%. Granisetron may be given as a single, 5-min infusion before chemotherapy and is thus more convenient to administer than many antiemetic regimens. The adverse event profile of granisetron is favourable with a wide therapeutic margin. The only consistent side-effects attributable to granisetron are headache in about 14% of the patients and constipation in about 4% of the patients. Headache induced by granisetron was generally mild and resolved spontaneously or was promptly relieved with standard analgesics. No extrapyramidal side-effects were observed with granisetron.
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PMID:Clinical studies with granisetron, a new 5-HT3 receptor antagonist for the treatment of cancer chemotherapy-induced emesis. The Granisetron Study Group. 838 Dec 93

We reviewed 776 previously reported and 44 new cases of CNS listeriosis outside of pregnancy and the neonatal period, and evaluated the epidemiologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic characteristics of this infection. Among patients with Listeria meningitis/meningoencephalitis, hematologic malignancy and kidney transplantation were the leading predisposing factors, but 36% of patients had no underlying diseases recognized. The infection occurred throughout life, with a higher incidence before the age of 3 and after the age of 45-50 years. Fever, altered sensorium, and headache were the most common symptoms, but 42% of patients had no meningeal signs on admission. Compared with patients with acute meningitis due to other bacterial pathogens, patients with Listeria infection had a significantly lower incidence of meningeal signs, and the CSF profile was significantly less likely to have a high WBC count or a high protein concentration. Gram stain of CSF was negative in two-thirds of cases of CNS listeriosis. One-third of patients had focal neurologic findings, and approximately one-fourth developed seizures over their course. Mortality was 26% overall, and was higher among patients with seizures and those older than 65 years of age. Relapse occurred in 7% of episodes. Ampicillin for a minimum of 15-21 days (with an aminoglycoside for at least the first 7-10 days) remains the treatment of choice. Cerebritis/abscess due to L. monocytogenes, without meningeal involvement, is less common but may be diagnosed by blood cultures and CNS imaging, or by stereotactic biopsy. Longer antibiotic therapy (at least 5-6 weeks) is needed in the presence of localized CNS involvement.
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PMID:Central nervous system infection with Listeria monocytogenes. 33 years' experience at a general hospital and review of 776 episodes from the literature. 977 21


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