Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This case of microsporidiosis manifested as mutiple intracranial lesions separated in space and time, and neurological and radiological findings were improved with albendazole administration. A 33-year-old man presented with headache, fever, and dysphasia. His consciousness was clear. Neurological examination revealed acalculia, agraphia, and homonymous hemianopsia. He had a past history of febrile convulsive seizures of unknown cause until 14-years-old, but no history of immunodeficiency. T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging showed a hypointense lesion with a hyperintense part, and ring-like enhancement with gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid (Gd-DTPA), in the left temporal lobe. T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted MR imaging showed the lesion surrounded by moderate hyperintense areas. He underwent gross total resection of the lesion. Histological examination demonstrated intracellular clusters of small basophilic spore-like bodies in the astrocytes, suggestive of microsporidia-infected astrocytes. However, immunohistochemical, polymerase chain reaction, and serological analyses failed to confirm the definitive diagnosis of microsporidiosis, so that he received no further treatment. Three years later, he presented with sensory disturbance in the left side of his face and left cerebellar ataxia, followed by fever, abnormal sensation in the left side of his face, and aggravated ataxia of the left upper and lower extremities on day 10 after admission. T1-weighted MR imaging with Gd-DTPA showed an enhanced lesion with irregular margin in the left cerebellar peduncle. T2-weighted MR imaging showed a diffuse hyperintense region around the lesion. Cerebrospinal fluid culture, serological analysis for autoimmune disease, and thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic computed tomography and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography detected no abnormalities such as cancers or other lesions in the extracranial organs. No definitive diagnosis was obtained, but recurrence of microsporidiosis was the most probable cause. Administration of albendazole (600 mg/day) was started on day 15, because of rapid neurological and radiological deterioration. This treatment resulted in clinical improvement and disappearance of the lesion on MR imaging after daily administration for 4 weeks. He was discharged on foot with moderate sensory disturbance in the left side of the face and ataxia. Based on the clinical course and negative findings, the final diagnosis was microsporidiosis. This case suggests that microsporidiosis in the central nervous system can persist even in immunocompetent patients without involvement of any other organs, and that albendazole administration is likely to be effective.
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PMID:[Multiple intracerebral enhanced lesions strongly suspected to be microsporidiosis. A case report]. 1863 8

We report a case of idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis presenting with cranial hyperostosis. A 64-year-old man had suffered from pulsating headache during the last 3 months. CT showed bony thickening of the sphenoid ridge, and MRI with Gd-DTPA revealed a linear or nodular enhanced mass along the left sphenoid ridge, extending to the anterior and middle cranial fossae and cavernous sinus. Preoperative steroid therapy resulted in improved clinical symptoms and shrinkage of the enhanced lesion. To clarify the nature of the lesion, biopsy was performed. Granulation tissue infiltrated by lymphocytes and plasma cells was identified, suggesting inflammatory changes. Histologic examination of the cranial bone showed fibrosis in the bone marrow. We considered the hyperostosis to have resulted from a long-term nonspecific inflammatory reaction. Idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis associated with skull changes is rare. There are only 4 reported cases including ours. This rare condition is important in the differential diagnosis of cranial hyperostosis.
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PMID:[Case of idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis presenting with hyperostosis]. 1870 May 35

A case of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) with extensive epidural fluid collection in the spine is described. Although epidural blood patch (EBP) was not performed, treatment with glucocorticoid resulted in clinical and radiological improvement. A previously healthy 45-year-old woman developed severe generalized headache that was partially relieved by lying flat (day 1). On day 5, she consulted our clinic. Neurological examination was unremarkable. Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure was too low to be measured. On day 11, cranial MRI with gadolinium-DTPA infusion demonstrated diffuse thickening and enhancement of the pachymeninges. Radionuclide cisternography demonstrated early accumulation of the tracer in the bladder but there was no sign of CSF leakage. Spinal MRI showed epidural fluid collection extending from the upper cervical through lumbar levels, suggesting that lumbar EBP might be less effective. Three weeks of bed-rest and oral hydration failed to relieve the headache. Oral prednisolone 40 mg was started on day 23, and the headache improved within two days. Cranial MRI on day 88 showed complete resolution of the previous abnormalities. Spinal MRI on day 118 demonstrated almost complete disappearance of epidural fluid collection. The present case suggests that glucocorticoid therapy can be a useful treatment option for SIH.
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PMID:[Spontaneous intracranial hypotension with extensive epidural fluid collection in the spine: a case improved with steroid therapy]. 2012 Mar 53

We herein present a case of bilateral chronic subdural hematoma(bilateral CSDH)caused by spontaneous intracranial hypotension(SIH)without orthostatic headache. A 67-year-old male patient with mild head injury suffered from a chronic, non-postural headache. Computed tomography of the brain showed bilateral CSDH. The hematomas were surgically evacuated using a closed drainage method. His headache immediately disappeared, but it recurred after 2 weeks. We further performed hematoma irrigation;however, his neurological status deteriorated with the development of pneumocephalus. Magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium-DTPA showed diffuse pachymeningeal enhancement. His cerebrospinal fluid pressure was 3cmH<sub>2</sub>O, and radioisotope cisternography revealed cerebrospinal fluid leakage at the level of the cervicothoracic transition. No recurrence was found after 6 weeks of horizontal bed rest. The possibility of SIH should be considered in patients with CSDH, especially bilateral CSDH, even in elderly patients with a history of mild head trauma, and absence of orthostatic headache. Closed drainage method may be preferable in cases where surgical treatment is used.
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PMID:[A case of bilateral chronic subdural hematoma due to spontaneous intracranial hypotension without orthostatic headache]. 2469 95

Here, we report a case of dural cavernous angioma. A 54-year-old man presented with headache in his right frontal area for the previous few weeks. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a well-demarcated extramedullary mass, 3 x 2.5cm in size, within the subdural space at the right frontal region. The mass was not enhanced on a contrast-enhanced CT scan, and heterogeneously enhanced after administration of Gd-DTPA on magnetic resonance images. Cerebral angiography revealed an avascular mass. Right frontal craniotomy was performed. On surgery, the mass was found to be mainly extramedullar, and partially intramedullar. No adhesion between the mass and the overlying dura was observed. It was removed in an en bloc fashion. The pathological diagnosis was cavernous angioma. The patient's headache was resolved soon after surgery. Cavernous angiomas are usually intramedullar in the subcortical white matter of the cerebral hemispheres;extramedullary cavernous angiomas are rare. Extramedullary dural cavernous angiomas located in the subdural space at the cerebral convexity are extremely rare. They usually present with headache or mass signs, and resemble meningioma radiologically. During surgery they are easily resected with minimal blood loss. Dural cavernous angiomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intradural extramedullary mass at the cerebral convexity.
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PMID:[Dural cavernous angioma:a case report and review of the literature]. 2592 39

A 54-year-old man with a 3-week history of orthostatic headache and acute on chronic subdural hematoma presented with imaging findings suggestive of spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Three myelograms were negative for leak, and nontargeted epidural blood patches did not result in symptom relief. A cerebrospinal fluid leak study using In-DTPA with SPECT/CT demonstrated a focal area of asymmetric activity at the left C2 nerve root. A left C2 root tie-off, targeted epidural blood patch, and Dura seal glue resulted in resolution of patient symptomatology highlighting the importance of fused SPECT/CT images in detection of an occult cerebral spinal fluid leak.
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PMID:Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension With Site of Leak Detected Only After 111In-DTPA Cisternogram. 2807 71

Although most of the harmful radionuclides are of anthropogenic origin and released from military or industrial processes, radioactive substances also occur naturally in the environment, e.g. uranium. Low standards of nuclear facilities can lead to contamination of employees with radionuclides due to inhalation of gases or dust, or contamination of skin or wounds. Various sources for radionuclide exposure may represent concerns for radioactive polonium or plutonium exposure, for instance terrorist actions on the infrastructure such as on drinking water basins. Early health effects after extensive radiation exposure may be vomiting, headaches, and fatigue, followed by bone marrow depression, fever, and diarrhea. The main purpose of radionuclide mobilization is to minimize the radiation dose. Since some of the important radionuclides such as polonium and plutonium have very long biological half-times after their deposition in bone, liver or kidneys, rapid initiation of chelation treatment is usually imperative after a contamination event. The antidote DMPS (dimercaptopropanesulfonate is considered the drug of choice for polonium decorporation. DTPA (diethylenetriamine pentaacetate) is a potent chelator especially approved for radionuclide mobilization, including polonium and other actinides. Other chelators and drugs are under investigation as potential chelators of transuranic elements.
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PMID:Clinical therapy of patients contaminated with Polonium or Plutonium. 3308 68


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