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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report a 28-year-old woman who had a severe headache after ingesting a large quantity of ethanol-extracted ginseng. Cerebral angiograms showed "beading" appearance in the anterior and posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries, consistent with cerebral arteritis. The close temporal association between intake of ginseng and cerebral arteries suggests a causal relationship.
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PMID:Ginseng-associated cerebral arteritis. 772 81

The consumption of alcohol and other addictive drugs is quite low in Norway compared with other European countries. Nevertheless, many will experience some of the various drug effects on the brain. Alcohol, the legal substance, is responsible for most drug-related neurological effects in Norway. Alcohol use results in a variety of different effects in different parts of the central nervous system. Headache and alcohol withdrawal symptoms are frequent complaints, and atrophy of the cerebellar vermis and Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome often result in chronic sequelae. Most other drugs cause less structural damage to the nervous system than alcohol does. Clinical findings, pathogenetic mechanisms and treatment of some drug-related neurological disorders are discussed.
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PMID:[Alcohol--bad for the brain?]. 772 89

Initial data were generated on the use of alcohol and other drugs by Cambodian refugee women and their families (N = 120) in two sites: Massachusetts and California. Information on frequency and situations surrounding use, and culturally specific use, was elicited. In those families where alcohol was perceived as a problem, the majority of problem drinkers were husbands. About 45% of the East Coast women, however, said they used alcohol for nervousness, stress, headaches, insomnia and pain. In addition, about 15% of the East Coast women reported that a family member used street drugs and was having dependency problems. While use of alcohol or street drugs was not perceived as problematic on the West Coast, over 58% reported using prescription drugs for self-treatment of illnesses other than those targeted by the prescription. When prescription drugs were misused by women, it was most frequently to get an altered state, or "street drug effect". Numerous stressors influence Cambodian women during the pressures of acculturation to the U.S. lifestyle. Some may turn to self-medication in the form of alcohol, prescription sleeping pills, or other drugs. A better understanding of how and why these women make coping choices is needed.
J Stud Alcohol 1994 Jul
PMID:Culture, stress and substance use in Cambodian refugee women. 793 49

The effects of peppermint oil and eucalyptus oil preparations on neurophysiological, psychological and experimental algesimetric parameters were investigated in 32 healthy subjects in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized cross-over design. Four different test preparations were applied to large areas of the forehead and temples using a small sponge and their effect was evaluated by comparing baseline and treatment measure. The combination of peppermint oil, eucalyptus oil and ethanol increased cognitive performance and had a muscle-relaxing and mentally relaxing effect, but had little influence on pain sensitivity. A significant analgesic effect with a reduction in sensitivity to headache was produced by a combination of peppermint oil and ethanol. The essential plant oil preparations often used in empiric medicine can thus be shown by laboratory tests to exert significant effects on mechanisms associated with the pathophysiology of headache.
Cephalalgia 1994 Jun
PMID:Effect of peppermint and eucalyptus oil preparations on neurophysiological and experimental algesimetric headache parameters. 795 45

In four prior studies, caffeine (100 mg) self-administration was assessed by greater self-administration of caffeinated coffee than decaffeinated coffee and caffeine withdrawal was assessed by placebo substitution using six double-blind tests in each subject. This paper collates data across these studies to examine the incidence and predictors of the occurrence of caffeine self-administration and withdrawal. Caffeine self-administration occurred in 31% of subjects when a consistency criterion was used (n = 41) and 27% when a statistical criterion was used. Caffeine withdrawal occurred in 35% and 49% of subjects with each criteria (n = 37). Subjects who had withdrawal headaches and drowsiness were 2.3-2.6 times more likely to self-administer the caffeinated coffee. Several variables (e.g., average caffeine intake) did not predict caffeine self-administration or withdrawal.
Drug Alcohol Depend 1993 May
PMID:Caffeine self-administration and withdrawal: incidence, individual differences and interrelationships. 834 75

Three cases with periodicity and pain profile characteristic of episodic cluster headache, whose headaches were solely confined to the regions of the head and neck outside the trigeminal territory, are reported. Two were females, who had associated nausea and vomiting with severe attacks. The male patient exhibited autonomic symptoms in the eye during the attacks. Alcohol induced headache in one. All three patients responded to anticluster headache therapy. These cases are illustrative of a wider spectrum of clinical manifestations of cluster headache than was originally recognized. They question the theory that cluster headache may be due to a lesion involving the cavernous sinus. One the other hand, it points to involvement of a more complex pain circuit consisting of upper cervical nerves, posterior fossa innervation, trigeminal system and the autonomic pathways.
Headache
PMID:Extratrigeminal cluster headache. 837 96

Chemical dependence is a leading cause of morbidity and death in the United States. At least 20% of patients seen by primary care physicians in both the outpatient and inpatient setting are chemically dependent. Up to 90% of these patients go undiagnosed by their primary physicians. Chemical dependence is defined as a chronic, progressive illness characterized by the repeated and persistent use of alcohol or drugs despite negative health, family, work, financial, or legal consequences. Primary care physicians are in an ideal position to detect chemical dependence at its earliest stages, when irreversible medical consequences and death are most likely preventable. Alcohol is the most common drug of abuse. Improving the rate of recognition of chemical dependence depends on being familiar with the constellation of physical, mental, and social indicators. Early medical manifestations of alcoholism common in the primary care setting include: gastric complaints, elevated blood pressure, palpitations, traumatic injuries, headaches, impotence, and gout. Early psychosocial manifestations common in both alcohol and drug dependence include anxiety, depression, insomnia, persistent relationship conflicts, work or school problems, and financial or legal problems. Particularly useful laboratory indicators of alcoholism include elevated levels of GGT and MCV, both displaying high specificity, with the GGT level being the most sensitive. Similarly specific laboratory tests for drug dependence are not available. Any patient presenting with any of the above medical, psychosocial, or laboratory manifestations should be screened for chemical dependence. The CAGE questionnaire for alcoholism, a four-question test, is particularly well suited to the primary care setting, where it can be administered in fewer than 60 seconds. The CAGE has demonstrated high sensitivity (in the 80% range) and specificity (approximately 85%) for alcoholism. Comparably convenient instruments do not yet exist for drug dependence, although a 28-item instrument, the DAST (Drug Abuse Screening Test), has demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for drug abuse.
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PMID:Early recognition of chemical dependence. 846 47

The effect of a locally applied peppermint oil preparation on tension-type headache was examined in the design of a randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind crossover study for the first time. The preparation was tested against both the reference substance acetaminophen and to the corresponding placebo. The liquid test preparation contained 10 g of peppermint oil and ethanol (90%) ad 100 (test preparation LI 170, Lichtwer Pharma, Berlin); the placebo was a 90% ethanol solution to which traces of peppermint oil were added for blinding purposes. The reference preparation contained 500 mg acetaminophen; the placebo tablet was identical to the verum in size and appearance. The study included the analysis of 164 headache attacks of 41 patients of both sexes ranging between 18 and 65 years of age, suffering from tension-type headache in accordance with the IHS classification. Four headache episodes per patient were treated in a double-blind, randomized crossover design. Each headache attack was treated by the application of 2 capsules of the oral medication (1,000 mg of acetaminophen or placebo) and the cutaneous application of the oil preparation (peppermint oil or placebo solution). The oil was spread largely across forehead and temples which was repeated after 15 and 30 minutes. Using a headache diary, the headache parameters were assessed after 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes. Compared to the application of placebo, a 10% peppermint oil in ethanol solution significantly reduced the clinical headache intensity already after 15 minutes (p < 0.01). This significant clinical reduction of the pain intensity continued over the one hour observation period. Acetaminophen, too, proved to be efficient compared to placebo (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference between the efficacy of 1,000 mg of acetaminophen and 10% peppermint oil in ethanol solution. Simultaneous application of 1,000 mg of acetaminophen and 10% peppermint oil in ethanol solution leads to an additive effect which remains below the significance threshold, however. The patients reported no adverse events. This controlled study showed for the first time that a 10% peppermint oil in ethanol solution efficiently alleviates tension-type headache. Peppermint oil thus proves to be a well-tolerated and cost-effective alternative to usual therapies.
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PMID:[Effectiveness of Oleum menthae piperitae and paracetamol in therapy of headache of the tension type]. 880 13

This study compared gender differences in a non-treatment sample of crack cocaine users interested in participating in a research study on addiction. Data was collected from initial telephone screening interviews of women and men responding to cocaine research recruitment in a midwest urban environment over a two-year period. Female respondents (n = 88) were age- and race-matched with men interviewed over the same time period, for a total sample size of 176. Mean age of the female sample was 33 years and the majority were African-American. Basic demographics were similar for both genders. Respondents had first used cocaine at 24 years of age and currently smoked 2 g cocaine/day for 5 days/week, a rate higher than that found in many treatment samples. Women were found to have significantly higher rates of cigarette smoking, headaches and history of suicidal ideation, and significantly more women reported emergency room visits following crack use than did men. Equal numbers of men and women had been convicted of a crime (56%), with significantly fewer women reporting having committed a crime involving violence. Nearly all respondents (94%) reported that crack use had negative effects on their value systems, and significant numbers of both genders reported involvement with bartering crack and sex. Two-thirds of women able to become pregnant used no method of birth control and the use of barrier methods was infrequent. Forty-two percent admitted to using cocaine during pregnancy. These data indicate that while patterns of crack use per se do not differ between women and men in this sample, community outreach programs may benefit from focusing on other associated behaviors that do show differences between genders.
Drug Alcohol Depend 1996 Sep
PMID:Gender differences in crack users who are research volunteers. 888 4

When administered orally, naltrexone undergoes extensive biotransformation and is metabolized to 6 beta-naltrexol and other minor metabolites. Naltrexone has been recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of alcohol dependence. An important clinical issue with naltrexone treatment is predicting patient compliance, which may be influenced by adverse side effects experienced during the medication. We investigated whether subjective side effects were related to urinary concentrations of naltrexone and its metabolite 6 beta-naltrexol 3 hr after administration of 50 mg po naltrexone in 24 male moderate-to-heavy social drinkers. The results showed significantly higher levels of urinary 6 beta-naltrexol (p < 0.05) in those subjects who experienced one or more side effect (i.e., headache, nausea, anxiety, or erection). Urinary naltrexone levels did not differ between the groups. Results also showed an approximate 10:1 ratio of 6 beta-naltrexol to naltrexone levels and a significant positive correlation between the parent compound and metabolite, suggesting parallel renal clearance. The results of this study suggest a possible mechanism for the side effects observed after acute administration of naltrexone.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1997 Aug
PMID:Naltrexone biotransformation and incidence of subjective side effects: a preliminary study. 926 42


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