Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The so-called Oriental flushing reaction associated with ingestion of small amounts of alcohol was antagonized by combined antihistamine administration. In stage one of the study, the flushing reaction to low doses of alcohol was produced in Orientals. Most subjects experienced a cutaneous flush, an increase in skin temperature, a decrease in blood pressure, an increase in pulse rate and subjective symptoms such as dizziness, sleepiness, anxiety, headache, generalized weakness and nausea. Before the administration of alcohol, one-half of the subjects were given 50 mg of diphenhydramine (H1 receptor antagonist) and 300 mg of cimetidine (H2 receptor antagonist). The second half received placebo tablets. The clearest difference between the antihistamine group and placebo group was in the skin flushing reaction. The antihistamine group showed a significant reduction in the skin flush. The antihistamine also neutralized the systolic hypotension induced by the administration of alcohol. The possible importance of histamine in the expression of sensitivity to alcohol is considered. The relevance to genetic susceptibility for development of alcoholism is discussed.
J Stud Alcohol 1988 Jan
PMID:Antihistamine blockade of alcohol-induced flushing in orientals. 334 71

We assessed unprescribed psychoactive drug use in 173 adults with cystic fibrosis. Twenty (11%) regularly smoked tobacco. Cigarette smoking ranged from 1 to 30 years (2 to 60 pack-years). Alcohol was used by 60%, and marijuana by 20% of the patients. Pulmonary symptoms were often increased the day after alcohol ingestion. Alcohol occasionally caused nausea, vomiting, and headache if the patient was taking some cephalosporin derivatives (such as cefsulodine) or chloramphenicol. Marijuana often aggravated chronic pulmonary symptoms, although some patients reported transient relief during use. Comparison with a retrospectively selected control group did not show faster short-term pulmonary deterioration in the tobacco smokers. Physicians who deal with cystic fibrosis and other chronic illnesses should be cognizant of interactions of unprescribed and prescribed drugs. Recreational use of unprescribed psychoactive drugs should be considered if unexpected symptoms occur in older patients.
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PMID:Recreational use of psychoactive drugs by patients with cystic fibrosis. 349 51

The Oriental flushing reaction is an adverse response to alcohol that appears to be genetically determined. In this study, the Oriental flushing reaction that was produced with ingestion of small amounts of alcohol was antagonized by antihistamine administration. A group of 17 subjects was tested. Each subject received placebo, diphenhydramine 50 mg (H-1 receptor antagonist), and cimetidine 300 mg (H-2 receptor antagonist) singularly and in combination. Alcohol was then administered orally. Most subjects given placebo experienced the typical flushing reaction that included a cutaneous flush, increase in skin temperature, decrease in blood pressure, increase in pulse rate and subjective symptoms such as dizziness, sleepiness, anxiety, headache, generalized weakness, and nausea. The flush, temperature and systolic hypotension were significantly blocked by the combined antihistamine administration. Cimetidine given alone blocked the flush, temperature increase, and systolic hypotension significantly more than diphenhydramine but less than the combined antihistamines. Diphenhydramine was similar to placebo in its effect on the flushing reaction. The role of histamine in the expression of tolerance to alcohol is not known. Antihistamine antagonism of the adverse flushing reaction suggests that histamine receptors may participate in the intolerance to ethanol in Orientals. Histamine may be an important protective factor in the low prevalence of alcoholism in Orientals.
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PMID:Histamine receptor antagonism of intolerance to alcohol in the Oriental population. 368 Dec 77

The subjects were 42 alcoholic patients (33 males and 9 females) who were treated with lithium orotate during an alcohol rehabilitation program in a private clinical setting for at least six months. They derive from a total number of 105 patients who received this treatment initially, while the remainder discontinued the treatment within six months. The data were collected from a private practice record and the follow-up varied between six months and 10 years. The 42 patients studied displayed a multitude of complaints in addition to chronic alcoholism. These included liver dysfunction, seizure disorders, headaches, hyperthyroidism, affective disorders. Meniere's syndrome, liver and lung cancers. Thirty-six of the 42 patients studied had been hospitalized at least once for the management of their alcoholism. Lithium orotate was given, 150 mg daily, with a diet low in simple carbohydrates and containing moderate amounts of protein and fat. In addition, calcium orotate (for hepatic involvement), magnesium orotate, bromelaine, and essential phospholipids (for cardiac problems), and supportive measures were instituted, if required. Lithium orotate proved useful as the main pharmacologic agent for the treatment of alcoholism. Ten of the patients had no relapse for over three and up to 10 years, 13 patients remained without relapse for 1 to 3 years, and the remaining 12 had relapses between 6 to 12 months. Lithium orotate therapy was safe and the adverse side effects noted were minor, i.e., eight patients developed muscle weakness, loss of appetite or mild apathy. For these patients, the symptoms subsided when the daily dose was given 4 to 5 times weekly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Alcohol
PMID:Lithium orotate in the treatment of alcoholism and related conditions. 371 72

Effects of experimental exposure to toluene (3.2 mmol/m3, ie, 300 mg/m3) for 4.5 h and ethanol ingestion (15 mmol/kg) on the results of four performance tests, symptoms, mood, and physiological indices of wakefulness were studied in 12 male volunteers. Toluene exposure produced symptoms like headache and local irritation, as well as a weak depression of heart rate during rest, but did not reduce performance capability. Ethanol ingestion impaired performance on two of the tests and also increased heart rate. Mood was likewise altered by ethanol, but no increase in subjective symptoms due to ethanol ingestion could be demonstrated. Physiological indices of wakefulness were not affected by toluene exposure or by ethanol intake. No interaction effects were found.
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PMID:Experimental exposure to toluene in combination with ethanol intake. Psychophysiological functions. 372 94

Risk factors for the development and rupture of intracranial saccular (berry) aneurysms were identified in a case-control study of autopsy subjects. The development of berry aneurysms was positively correlated with increased frequencies of systemic arterial hypertension (p less than 0.001), cerebral artery atherosclerosis (p less than 0.05), and marked asymmetry of the cerebral vessels comprising the circle of Willis (p less than 0.005). In addition, patients with berry aneurysms more frequently had histories of persistent headache (p less than 0.001), pregnancy-induced hypertension (p less than 0.01), long-term use of analgesics (p less than 0.001), especially aspirin (p less than 0.05), and a family history of stroke (p less than 0.05). Factors associated with a decreased risk of berry aneurysms included treatment with insulin to control diabetes mellitus (p less than 0.005), leanness (p less than 0.05), chronic pancreatitis (p less than 0.001), malignant tumors (p less than 0.001), and moderate or severe coronary or renal atherosclerosis (p less than 0.05). Rupture of berry aneurysms was positively correlated with size (p less than 0.05) and the presence of multiple aneurysms (p less than 0.005), but also with long-term analgesic usage (p less than 0.05), excessive ethanol consumption (p less than 0.01), and fatty metamorphosis of the liver (p less than 0.01). The factors that predispose to rupture of berry aneurysms are interrelated in the sense that several of them are known to cause a decrease in the synthesis of prostaglandin E, whereas one of the factors that appears to be protective has the opposite effect. Marked and abrupt lowering of serum prostaglandin levels would cause dilatation of cerebral vasculature and increased cerebral blood flow; in the setting of hypertension, focal defects in cerebral arteries could develop, leading to the formation and subsequent rupture of berry aneurysms.
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PMID:Risk factors for the development and rupture of intracranial berry aneurysms. 401 70

Reviewing medical and epidemiological reports, no definite clinical picture could be expected as a result of a low DMF exposure and experimental research on long term toxicity has always demonstrated some adverse effects but has not been sufficient to define a no-effect level in animals. This study was designed to assess the specificity of symptoms and the relevance of adverse effects as consequence of an exposure to airborne DMF concentration in the range of the present TLV (30 mg/m3 - 10 ppm). For this purpose 100 DMF-exposed workers, with homogeneous characteristics, were compared with 100 matched controls. Both groups were selected by a careful pair-matching. Mean DMF exposure was 22 mg/m3 (range 8-58 mg/m3). Exposed subjects and their matched controls were evaluated clinically and a questionnaire was used for the registration and the comparison of subjective complaints. A laboratory assessment was performed, including transaminase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Statistical analysis was based on McNemar Test procedure. The problem of dietary alcohol intake was particularly investigated. Among symptoms studied, headache, dyspepsia and digestive impairment of hepatic type could be specifically associated with chronic DMF exposure and increased levels of gamma-GT demonstrated minimal hepato-cellular damage, even without ethanol dietary intake. No chronic sickness was diagnosed and the disturbances observed are better considered as indicators of malaise and discomfort due to a toxic effect of DMF, whose consequences are discussed.
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PMID:Epidemiological study on workers exposed to low dimethylformamide concentrations. 653 79

A serious, relatively unrecognized, occupational health problem involves the interaction of ethyl alcohol and chemical agents used in industry. Workers who drink alcohol and are exposed to certain chemical agents may experience adverse health effects such as nausea, dizziness, headache, and liver damage. This report reviews the synergistic interactions of ethanol with compounds such as the thiurams, amides, oximes, halogenated hydrocarbons, and metals. Also discussed is the effect of ethanol as a cofactor with vinyl chloride in the etiology of cancer.
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PMID:The interaction of ethyl alcohol and industrial chemicals. 717 Oct 89

The clinical use of alcohol to delay premature labor is critically reviewed. The evidence indicates that this procedure is no more effective in arresting preterm labor than placebo, i.e., bed rest. The rational for the clinical use of alcohol in obstetrics is also questionable. Furthermore, increasing evidence indicates that the blood alcohol levels associated with this method often causes nausea, vomiting, and headaches in mothers and can cause deleterious effects in the fetus, including death.
Drug Alcohol Depend 1981 Jul
PMID:A critical evaluation of the obstetric use of alcohol in preterm labor. 727 6

An 11-yr-old girl presented with a history of urticaria induced by warm or cool showers, exercise, and emotional stimuli. During evaluation she repeatedly developed generalized punctate urticaria, pruritus, palpitations, and headaches after warm baths or exercise, and she had a positive methacholine skin test. She developed similar lesions and pruritus after local application of sterile water, tap water, ethanol, normal saline, or 3% saline. The diagnosis of combined aquagenic and cholinergic urticaria was made and presented a unique opportunity to study and compare mediator release and clinical symptoms in both conditions. The patient was submerged in bath water at either 37 degree or 41 degree C to induce either aquagenic or cholinergic urticaria, respectively. Histamine was released into the systemic circulation in both conditions in a similar time course; however, systemic symptoms occurred only after the 41 degree C bath. After failure to induce tolerance to the 41 degree C bath water, hydroxyzine therapy was instituted. One week later she was rechallenged; few symptoms appeared, and a rise in serum histamine was not detected as had been shown in previous challenges. The data suggest that in our patient, hydroxyzine may have contributed to the inhibition of both histamine release and the appearance of symptoms during hot bath challenging.
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PMID:Evaluation of a patient with both aquagenic and cholinergic urticaria. 731 13


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