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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical efficacy of sodium imipenem/cilastatin was studied on 45 patients with complicated urinary tract infections, on whom prior antimicrobial agents were ineffective. A 0.5g dose of IPM/CS was administered by drop infusion twice a day for 5 days. The clinical efficacy was evaluated according to the criteria of the Japanese UTI committee. Of a total of 65 strains, 29 strains of gram positive bacteria and 36 strains of gram negative bacteria, were detected as causative microbials. Bacteriologically, 23 strains of gram positive bacteria (79%) and 34 strains of gram negative bacteria (94%) were eradicated following the treatment. S. aureus, E. faecalis and Flavobacterium sp. were less sensitive to IPM/CS. Overall clinical effectiveness rate of IPM/CS in the present study was 87%. Adverse drug side effects were observed in six patients, namely they were eruption, headache and slight elevation of serum transaminase. These findings suggest that IPM/CS is an effective agent for the treatment of complicated UTI even when the prior medicine was ineffective.
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PMID:[Efficacy of sodium imipenem/cilastatin on patients of complicated urinary tract infections--following the failure of prior antimicrobial agents]. 152 26

Astromicin (ASTM) was administered by intravenous drip infusion (i.v.d.) to 22 patients with chronic complicated urinary tract infections and the clinical efficacy and safety of this drug were evaluated. The overall clinical efficacy rate obtained was 71.4% (excellent 6; moderate 9) of 21 evaluable cases by the UTI committee's criteria. Concerning the response on clinical isolates, the drug was highly effective especially against strains of Escherichia coli, indole positive Proteus and Serratia marcescens. It was not effective, however, against 2 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. As for adverse reactions, there was one case which complained of headache on the 3rd day after starting treatment. In this case the drug administration was discontinued at the 5th day. The symptom disappeared within 24 hours without any treatment. No any other adverse reactions were noted. With regard to clinical test values for peripheral blood, liver and renal functions, no abnormality was observed in any of the cases treated with the drug. In conclusion, ASTM was found to be a highly effective and safe drug when administered by intravenous drip infusion in the treatment of chronic complicated urinary tract infections.
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PMID:[Clinical study of astromicin administered by intravenous drip infusion against chronic complicated urinary tract infections]. 368 83

The clinical effectiveness of a new synthetic pyridoncarboxylic acid derivative, norfloxacin (NFLX: Baccidal) was studied in the urological field. NFLX was given clinically to 50 patients with urogenital tract infections; 40 cases were acute simple cystitis and 10 cases were complicated UTI satisfied the criteria of the UTI committee. Thirty two bacterial strains were isolated from the group of acute simple cystitis and 10 bacterial strains were isolated from the group of complicated UTI. Susceptibility of NFLX by the method of distribution and disk sensitivity was 97% in the former group and 89% in the latter group. The overall clinical efficacy rate estimated by the criteria of the UTI committee in 32 cases with acute simple cystitis was 97% and in 10 cases with complicated UTI was 60%. The incidence of side effect was 8.0% (4/50). All of these side effects which were nausea, abdominal fullness and headache may be attributable to the administration of NFLX. No abnormal laboratory findings were observed except for elevation in GOT and GPT values in 1 case (4.0%), which returned to normal after NFLX treatment. Therefore NFLX is suggested to be a clinically useful and safe drug in the treatment of UTI.
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PMID:[Clinical experience of norfloxacin (Baccidal) in the urological field]. 408 23

1. Clinical pharmacology The pharmacological studies on tobramycin (TOB) were studied in clinical patients. The peak serum levels following intravenous drip infusion (i.v.d.) administration of TOB 60 mg were 4.62 mcg/ml in 0.5 hour and 4.09 mcg/ml in 1 hour respectively which achieved at the discontinuance of the drug. In 1 case, the concentration in serum and urinary recovery were determined when 60 mg of TOB was given twice a day in i.v.d. at an interval of 5 hours. The peak serum level was 4.11 mcg/ml at the first administration, and 4.96 mcg/ml at the second. No significant accumulation of the drug was observed. The urinary recovery of TOB during 0 approximately 11.5 hours was 44%. 2. Clinical results Tobramycin was administered in a dose of 60 approximately 120 mg once or twice a day by i.v.d. against 18 cases of chronic complicated UTI. The duration of treatment varied but generally 5 days. An overall excellent or moderate effect was seen in 81%. 3. Clinical chemistry The clinical abnormal values from laboratory tests of renal, hepatic function and peripheral hematology in patients treated with TOB were observed in 2 cases. In 1 case BUN increase (17.6 leads to 23 mg/dl) and in the other GOT and GPT elevations (GOT 24.1 leads to 66.7 u, GPT 26.2 u leads to 68.8 u). The abnormal values, however, returned to normal within 2 weeks after the discontinuance of the drug. 4. Clinical tolerance Adverse reactions were encountered in 2 cases. The 1 case yielded skin rash with itching in the second day after therapy. The other case complained of general itching with mild headache 2 days after starting therapy. In the above cases TOB treatment was discontinued, soon after appearing these symptoms. The complete recovery was recognized within 2 days in each case. 5. Summary Based on the clinical pharmacology and clinical studies, intravenous drip infusion administration of tobramycin can be given safely and effectively in treatment of chronic complicated UTI.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluations of tobramycin in treatment of chronic complicated urinary tract infections by intravenous drip infusion administration (author's transl)]. 708 77

Cesarean delivery has become a commonly used measure for delivery of the fetus. In the recent years incidence of Cesarean section (CS) has increased dramatically with massive pubic interest. It is called Primary Cesarean section when it is performed for the first time on a pregnant woman. This is a cross sectional study conducted on primary cesarean section from January to December 2004 in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Hospital, Dhaka. A total of 100 cases were selected for the study. The major findings of the study were as follows: Overall cesarean section rate was 57.87 percent and among them 74.34 percent were primary cesarean section. The median age group of patients being operated was 20 to 25 years. Most of the operations were carried out on primigravid patient due to various indications. The main indications were fetal distress (35%), pre-eclampsia (14%) and cervical dystocia (12%). The rate of emergency Cesarean section rate was 70% while elective Cesarean section was 30%. Most of the Cesarean section was performed under spinal anesthesia (96%). Maternal morbidity was 20%. Among those, post-operative infections (45%) and UTI (25%) were the most common. The less common complications were Post Partum Haemorrhage (PPH), puerperal-pyrexia, urinary bladder injury and spinal headache. 88% of the babies were born with good APGAR score (Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration). Perinatal mortality was found to be 4%. The death cases were severe perinatal asphyxia, very LBW (Low Birth Weight) and stillborn. Most of the patients (69%) were discharged from hospital within 8 days of operation.
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PMID:Study on primary cesarean section. 2152 3

You start another busy shift with a double row of charts waiting to be seen. Your first patient is an elderly man who fell 1 hour prior to presentation. He did not lose consciousness, but he was dazed for a few minutes. He complains of a mild headache but denies any neck pain. He takes warfarin for valvular heart disease. He looks good and has no focal neurological complaints. His mental status is normal, he has a negative head CT scan, and his INR is 3.9. His family wants to take him home, which would help relieve some of the congestion in the ED, but you wonder what would be best. To observe and repeat imaging? Reverse his anticoagulation? Change his dosing regimen of warfarin? In the next room, you quickly evaluate a 51-year-old obese woman with nonspecific back and abdominal pain that started 24 hours before and has slowly progressed to become intolerable. She denies fever, chills, nausea, or vomiting. She is on the last day of a 5-day course of ciprofloxacin for a UTI. She takes warfarin for a pulmonary embolus that occurred 2 months prior. Her hematocrit is mildly decreased, and her white blood count is normal; however, the INR is 6.8. You wonder if her abdominal pain is related to the UTI, or if it could be somehow related to the prolonged INR. In fact, you wonder why her INR is so prolonged...
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PMID:An evidence-based approach to managing the anticoagulated patient in the emergency department. 2216 1