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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Now triphasic contraceptive preparations are used widely. Some news low dose formulations are available on the market, among them Trisiston. The study was conducted to confirm clinically acceptance and effectiveness of Trisiston. There were 437 volunteers mostly multiparous, with a mean age of +/- 25 years who participated in a multi center study. They were taking pills for a 3 to 12 cycles. Cumulatively 4026 cycles were observed. The investigation was conducted according special protocol. At the admission a complete medical history was obtained and a general physical and gynecological examination was performed. All subject were controlled every 3rd month included laboratory tests (blood levels of Hb, WBC, RBC, ESR, carbohydrate metabolism, clotting factors, bilirubin, creatinine, protein, glucose, albumin, LDL, HDL). There was no case of pregnancy. Pearl index = 0. The Trisiston was well tolerated by most of women (80%). Some effects like headache, vertigo, mastalgia, spotting and breakthrough bleeding, loss of libido, premenstrual syndrome were observed in 20% patients, soma of our patients (20%) discontinued contraceptive.
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PMID:[Clinical study on the contraceptive effectiveness of trisiston from the Jenapharm firm]. 130 9

This review summarizes the symptoms, signs and laboratory abnormalities seen in 59 patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), 2 patients with post-infectious CFS and in 26 patients with possible CFS whose illnesses fulfill the criteria proposed by the study group of the Ministry of Welfare, Japan. The characteristic symptoms and signs of CFS are prolonged generalized fatigue following exercise, headache, neuropsychological symptoms, sleep disturbance and mild fever. In possible CFS patients, the frequency of mild fever, muscle weakness, myalgia and headache is low. Our standard hematologic and laboratory tests revealed a few abnormality in patients with CFS. The characteristic abnormality in CFS patients is the low values of 17-Ketosteroid-Sulfates/creatinine in morning urine and the acylcarnitine deficiency. It seems likely that this deficiency of acylcarnitine induces an energy deficit in the skeletal muscle, resulting in general fatigue, myalgia, muscle weakness and postexertional malaise in CFS patients. Virologic studies revealed no evidence of retrovirus infection with HTLV-1, HTLV-2 and HIV, but the reactivation of HHV-6 infection was apparent.
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PMID:[Symptoms, signs and laboratory findings in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome]. 133 62

We studied the effects of nifedipine on blood pressure and on clinical and analytical parameters in hypertensive patients. Seven male and eight female subjects (mean age of 46.27 +/- 5.38 years, range of 41-56 years) with essential arterial hypertension were given nifedipine (20 mg b.i.d.) for 3 months. Before and after treatment, history, blood pressure, and biochemical values were recorded [blood: Na, K, Ca, creatinine, uric acid, triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, antidiuretic hormone (ADH), and aldosterone; urine: Na, K, Ca, creatinine, ADH, aldosterone, and percentage fraction of Na, K, and Ca excreted]. After 3 months of treatment, we found (a) significant decreases in systolic (147 +/- 18 vs. 166 +/- 16 mm Hg, p less than 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (90 +/- 8 vs. 107 +/- 8 mm Hg, p less than 0.0007), triglycerides (107 +/- 47 vs. 120 +/- 49 mg/dl, p less than 0.0007), and cholesterol (236 +/- 4 vs. 257 +/- 44 mg/dl, p less than 0.00075) in blood, and in K excretion (50 +/- 19 vs. 46 +/- 19 mEq/g of creatinine, p less than 0.0007) and excreted fraction of K (49 +/- 6% vs. 8 +/- 5%, p less than 0.0012) in urine; (b) significant increases in HDL cholesterol (65 +/- 13 vs. 58 +/- 13 mg/dl, p less than 0.001) in blood, and in Na (115 +/- 73 vs. 109 +/- 69 mEq/g of creatinine, p less than 0.0007) in urine; and (c) no significant change in the remaining biochemical parameters, or in heart rate. Secondary effects included flushing (34%), headache (20%), ankle swelling (17%), dizziness (13%), palpitations (4%), and pruritus (4%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Metabolic and antihypertensive effects of nifedipine in hypertensive patients. 137 8

Since traction-associated hypertension seems to be a relatively unknown phenomenon, a survey was done of its incidence in children treated with skeletal traction for fractures and orthopaedic diseases. The correlation with hypercalcaemia, a possible aetiological factor, was also explored. Blood pressure was recorded three times a day with an automatic oscillometric unit during the stay in the hospital. Serum calcium, creatinine and total protein concentrations were measured once a week. Patients with pre-existing diseases or renal trauma were excluded. Arterial hypertension (systolic and/or diastolic) was found in 31/50 children (62%). In almost half of these the rise in systolic blood pressure was 10 mmHg or more above the 95th percentile. Hypertension occurred in most cases within the first 3 weeks of treatment; in 7 children it developed after 3 or more weeks of traction. All children became normotensive within 1 week after discontinuation of traction. Clinical symptoms were rare: two children complained of headache. In no instance had traction to be discontinued before the planned date because of hypertension. In the hypertensive group were more preschool children and more humeral fractures as compared to the normotensive group (n = 19). Hypercalcaemia occurred in 11 children and was equally distributed in hypertensive and in normotensive children. It is concluded that arterial hypertension is a frequent finding in children in traction, but its clinical relevance is uncertain. Hypercalcaemia is not a rare finding in immobilized children, but probably plays no causative role in traction-related hypertension.
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PMID:Hypertension associated with skeletal traction in children. 139 20

We conducted a multiple-center joint study on the effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (rEPO) for predialysis patients. rEPO was intravenously administered to 42 predialysis patients (13 males and 29 females) with hematocrit (Ht) levels of less than 30%. The subjects were divided into group A (28 cases) in which rEPO was administered twice a week, and group B (14 cases) with rEPO administration once a week. The initial administration dosage was 6000IU/week. The Ht levels were 22.6 +/- 3.3% for group A and 23.2 +/- 2.7% for group B before the administration of rEPO, and increased to 31.0 +/- 4.0% and 27.7 +/- 3.7% respectively twelve weeks after initiating administration. The levels of effective improvement on anemia included 'markedly effective' in 17 cases (80.9%) and 'effective' in 2 cases (9.5%) in group A, and 'markedly effective' in 5 cases (41.7%) and 'effective' in 3 cases (25.0%) in group B. No significant change was seen in serum creatinine (Cr) levels during the study period. In the evaluation of renal function by reciprocal serum creatinine (1/Cr), a consistent tendency was not recognized; thus, suggesting that the rEPO administration had no effect on the renal function. No variation of blood pressure was seen. As far as side effects were concerned, headache and heavy headedness were recognized in four cases. There were, however, no cases in which the severity of the side effects dictated the discontinuation of the rEPO administration. In conclusion, rEPO was judged to be a safe and effective treatment for the anemia of predialysis patients.
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PMID:[Study of recombinant human erythropoietin treatment on the anemia of predialysis patients]. 147 9

Cilazapril is a new once-daily angiotensin-converting (ACE) enzyme inhibitor which has been administered to 4,500 patients with mainly mild to moderate essential hypertension in a multinational clinical research program. Sitting diastolic blood pressure was reduced by about 9 mm Hg from baseline (p less than 0.01) after 4 weeks of treatment with cilazapril 1.25-10 mg/day in double-blind placebo-controlled studies. Total responder rates to cilazapril were usually 50-60% compared with 30% to placebo. Adding hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg/day to cilazapril 5.0 mg/day increased the total responder rate from 52 to 71%. Double-blind dose titration studies for 8 weeks showed that cilazapril 2.5-5 mg/day possessed equivalent efficacy to usual therapeutic regimens of sustained release propranolol, captopril, hydrochlorothiazide, atenolol and enalapril, Cilazapril did not affect heart rate. During long-term open administration for 52 weeks, or longer, cilazapril, either alone or in combination with hydrochlorothiazide, effectively maintained control of blood pressure. Treatment of patients with severe hypertension with cilazapril plus hydrochlorothiazide achieved a total responder rate of 73%. Adverse events were mostly observed within the first 8-16 weeks of treatment, with headache, dizziness, fatigue, nausea, cough and chest pain being the most frequent. Non-life-threatening angioedema, facial edema and mild hypotension occurred in less than or equal to 0.2% of patients, and orthostatic hypotension was reported in 2%. Abnormal laboratory test values were rarely found with cilazapril treatment. Of the 2.3% of patients with elevated serum creatinine, at any time point during the study and irrespective of outcome on continuation with cilazapril therapy, about two thirds had prior renal impairment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Cilazapril: an overview of its efficacy and safety in hypertension. 153 34

The study aimed at evaluating tolerability and efficacy of the combination enalapril 20 mg with hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg (co-renitec) as first line therapy in black patients with mild to moderate primary hypertension. Fifty patients completed a twelve weeks of open clinical study preceded by two weeks of washout period. They were evaluated every four weeks and haematological, biochemical urine microscopy and electrocardiographic tests were undertaken before the start and after the completion of study. Pre-treatment values of mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were 172.16 mm hg (+/- 20.41) and 104.38 mm hg (+/- 7.339) respectively. The usual daily dosage was one tablet which was increased to two after eight weeks in case the DBP was not normalized, i.e. less than or equal to 95 mm hg. In 44 (88%) patients, the DBP was normalised at the end of the study period; three patients (6%) were resistant to treatment and another three (6%) exhibited labile response to the treatment. Clinical tolerance was considered to be very good with only five episodes of headache, backache and anxiety, probably not related to the test drug. Biological tolerance was excellent: there was no change in the haematologic parameters; there was a decrease of 5% in mean blood urea, of 9% in the mean serum creatinine and of 4% in the mean serum uric acid and a 5% increase in plasma potassium from 3.99 to 4.28 mmol/l.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The efficacy and tolerability of enalapril--hydrochlorothiazide combination as a first line therapy in black patients with mild to moderate arterial hypertension: a clinical study in Kenya. 162 42

An open, parallel study was conducted to compare the pharmacokinetics of oral azithromycin in young and elderly healthy volunteers. A total of 12 young subjects (six males, six females) with a mean age of 29 (range 22-39) years and another 12 elderly subjects (six males, six females) with a mean age of 72 (range 67-80) years were given a standard five-day therapeutic regimen of azithromycin (500 mg single dose on day 1 and 250 mg once daily on days 2-5). Pharmacokinetic results indicated that Cmax, Cmin and urinary excretion were similar in the two age groups. Mean AUC0-24 was significantly greater (2.7 micrograms.h/ml) at day 5 in the elderly subjects compared with the younger age group (AUC0-24 = 2.1 micrograms.h/ml) (p = 0.041). Similarly, tmax values on days 1 and 5 were significantly greater in the elderly subjects; 3.8 h compared with 2.5 h in young subjects (p = 0.005) on day 1 and 4.4 h, compared with 3.2 h (p = 0.047) on day 5. There was also evidence of an inverse relationship between creatinine clearance and AUC0-24 (p less than 0.01) but not urinary excretion or Cmax. Despite these observations, it is concluded that the differences between the two age groups were of insufficient magnitude to warrant a dose modification in elderly subjects with only mild renal impairment. Side effects, chiefly headache and gastrointestinal symptoms, were reported by seven subjects in each group. No subject, however, was withdrawn from the study and there were no treatment-related abnormalities in any of the laboratory parameters measured.
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PMID:An open study to compare the pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of a multiple-dose regimen of azithromycin in young and elderly volunteers. 166 30

A total of 930 patients have been evaluated for safety in a programme of clinical trials for lisinopril-hydrochlorothiazide combination treatment. Combination therapy with these two agents is generally well tolerated. In clinical trials, adverse experiences in patients treated with a lisinopril-hydrochlorothiazide combination were dizziness (7.5%), headache (5.2%), cough (3.9%), fatigue (3.7%), orthostatic effects (3.2%), diarrhoea (2.5%), nausea (2.2%) and upper respiratory tract infection (2.2%). Withdrawals from treatment have been relatively infrequent comprising dizziness (0.8%), headache (0.3%), cough (0.6%), fatigue (0.4%), diarrhoea (0.2%), orthostatic effects and nausea (0.1% each). The most common laboratory adverse experiences in patients on therapy with the lisinopril-hydrochlorothiazide combination are: increases in serum glucose, triglycerides, uric acid, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and blood urea; and decreases in serum potassium. However, in individual controlled studies, the addition of lisinopril to treatment with hydrochlorothiazide results in attenuation of some of the potentially adverse metabolic affects of the diuretic. Adverse experiences in the patients treated for periods of 50 weeks or more, the elderly and the renally impaired are similar to those seen in the total population. Overall the available data indicate that a fixed dose combination of lisinopril-hydrochlorothiazide is a well-tolerated therapeutic option in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension.
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PMID:Review of international safety data for lisinopril-hydrochlorothiazide combination treatment. 166 80

In this study, the tolerability and safety of ramipril, as monotherapy and in combination with a low dose of furosemide, were assessed in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension in general practice. After a placebo run-in phase, patients received ramipril as monotherapy in a dose of 2.5 to 5 mg daily for 6 weeks. Nonresponders (diastolic blood pressure greater than 90 mm Hg) entered a double-blind treatment period, and received either 10 mg of ramipril daily, or 5 mg of ramipril in combination with 20 mg of furosemide daily. The tolerability of the study medication was assessed by reported adverse events, and by monitoring blood cell count, electrolytes, serum creatinine, fasting blood glucose, and apolipoproteins AI and B. Of a total of 770 patients who entered the placebo run-in phase, 661 patients were enrolled in the first active treatment period. The most commonly reported adverse events were headache, cough, dizziness, asthenia, cramps, diarrhea, and nausea, but not all of these events were related to ramipril treatment. A total of 38 patients discontinued active treatment due to nonserious adverse events, mainly cough, dizziness, or diarrhea. There appeared to be a relationship between the prevalence of cough and ramipril dosage; however, an increased incidence of cough was also observed during outbreaks of influenza in France. There were no significant changes in laboratory variables during the study.
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PMID:Tolerability of ramipril in a multicenter study of mild-to-moderate hypertension in general practice. 172 26


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