Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty eight patients who satisfied the entry criteria and had completed an initial 2 weeks treatment with placebo were titrated fortnightly with doses of Nicardipine ranging from 30 mg to 90 mg daily in two or three divided doses. Nicardipine treatment significantly reduced blood pressures both in the supine and standing positions (p < 0.0004) when compared with placebo treatment. Heart rates however did not change significantly. Forty six percent (13/28) of patients on 20 mg twice daily, 25% (7/28) on 10 mg three times daily, 18% (5/28) of patients on 20 mg three times daily and 11% (3/28) on 30 mg three times daily achieved supine diastolic blood pressures < 90 mm Hg. Nicardipine treatment at 16 weeks and at 24 weeks did not significantly alter the lipid profile when compared to the end of placebo treatment period. No other biochemical abnormalities were reported during the study period. Except for 2 cases of mild pedal oedema and 2 cases of transient headaches, no serious side-effects were encountered.
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PMID:Dose requirement and effect of nicardipine on lipid profile in mild to moderate essential hypertensives. 149 43

A total of 69 patients with primary Raynaud phenomenon were included in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled trial to assess the efficacy of nicardipine, a new calcium channel blocker. The trial data were combined with a meteorological survey. Nicardipine significantly (p = 0.02) reduced the number of crises of Raynaud phenomenon but had no significant effect on the intensity of the crises. Mean overall improvement, assessed on a linear visual analog scale, was 21% (p = 0.018), but results for the cold-reactive hyperemia test were not significantly altered after nicardipine treatment. All side effects were mild, and their frequency only differed significantly (p less than 0.05) from that of placebo for edema and headache.
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PMID:Controlled multicenter double-blind trial of nicardipine in the treatment of primary Raynaud phenomenon. French Cooperative Multicenter Group for Raynaud Phenomenon, Paris, France. 205 56

The levels of Prostacyclin (PGI2) and Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) were assayed simultaneously (RIA) in the plasma and saliva of 9 patients suffering from classical migraine attacks. The assays were done during an attack-free period. In relation to the control group we observed a significant decrease in the plasma levels of PGI2 together with a sharp increase in TXA2 in saliva. When the patients were treated with nicardipine, a calcium antagonist, the TXA2 increase in saliva did not occur. These results suggest both a systemic and local effect in the classical migraine attacks. We explain and discuss our results by referring to the PGI2: TXA2 equilibrium system. Nicardipine action might be related to its ability to reduce the calcium entry into the cell induced by thromboxane.
Headache 1991 Mar
PMID:Plasma and saliva levels of PGI2 and TXA2 in the headache-free period of classical migraine patients. The effects of nicardipine. 207 93

Altogether 12 patients with stable angina pectoris of effort were examined for the efficacy of nicardipine as compared to nifedipine and placebo by means of pharmacodynamic studies using treadmill. Nicardipine exerted a significant antianginal and anti-ischemic action 1, 2 and 3 hours after the intake of single dose (40 or 60 mg). The efficacy of nifedipine in a single dose of 20 or 30 mg was more remarkable in spite of the fact that differences in the drug efficacy were not statistically significant. The side effects such as headache, heat sensation and face hyperemia were more frequently recorded after the intake of nicardipine than after the intake of nifedipine. Therefore nicardipine, a new calcium antagonist of the dihydropyridine series, can be applied to the treatment of patients with stable angina pectoris of effort. However, as compared to nifedipine, it has no advantages over it.
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PMID:[The comparative efficacy of nicardipine and nifedipine in stenocardia patients]. 208 79

A novel calcium entry blocker, nicardipine, has been tested using a dosage of 20 mg twice a day against placebo on 30 patients suffering from migraine without aura, according to a double-blind, cross-over design; overall duration of the study was four months (two with nicardipine and two with placebo). Migraine parameters such as monthly frequency, mean intensity and mean duration of attacks were monitored. Two indexes were also calculated: index A (monthly frequency x mean intensity) and index B (monthly frequency x mean intensity x mean duration). All the parameters considered and the two indexes showed a marked and significant improvement after nicardipine treatment in comparison to both placebo and pre-study scores. Detailed analysis of the cross-over results showed that improvement obtained with nicardipine lasted some time after the drug was discontinued. Nicardipine did not alter the blood and attention tests performed and caused few side effects.
Cephalalgia 1990 Jun
PMID:Migraine treatment with nicardipine. 224 55

Nicardipine is an investigational dihydropyridine calcium-channel blocker. In the present study, 21 patients with severe hypertension were treated with oral nicardipine, alone or in combination with beta-blockers and diuretics for 4-5 weeks, following initial control of their blood pressure with intravenous nicardipine. Each of the 21 patients had a satisfactory response to intravenous nicardipine which was administered as an infusion following initial blood pressure lowering. At 1 h prior to discontinuation of the intravenous treatment, oral nicardipine therapy was begun as a 40 mg dose. Oral nicardipine, 40 mg t.i.d., was continued for the remainder of hospitalization and for a 4-5-week outpatient follow-up period. The dose of oral nicardipine was downtitrated and additional antihypertensive drugs, beta-adrenergic blocking agents and/or diuretics, were added to maintain blood pressure in an acceptable range. Compared to baseline, mean supine systolic blood pressure was lowered significantly (p less than 0.001) by 57 mmHg at the end of intravenous maintenance and by 50 mmHg at the end of oral treatment. Likewise, significant (p less than 0.001) decreases in diastolic blood pressure of 43 and 32 mmHg, respectively, were observed for the same time periods. At the end of oral treatment, 6 patients remained on nicardipine monotherapy, 8 patients were on two-drug therapy and 7 patients required three-drug therapy. Side-effects were mild except for a moderate headache reported in one patient during intravenous treatment. From these observations we conclude that oral nicardipine is a useful new agent for initial, single treatment of chronic severe hypertension, although a significant number of patients eventually need additional antihypertensive therapy.
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PMID:Nicardipine in severe hypertension: oral therapy following intravenous treatment. 230 9

Nicardipine hydrochloride, a dihydropyridine calcium entry-blocking drug, was administered to 66 patients with severe hypertension during three protocols designed to examine the efficacy and safety of this investigation drug. It was shown that nicardipine was uniformly effective in lowering blood pressure to a therapeutic goal of 95 mm Hg. Time to achieve therapeutic effect was dose dependent, and steady-state blood levels were achieved after 8 to 12 hours. Reductions in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure but not changes in heart rate were correlated with plasma concentrations of nicardipine. In dose-ranging studies, the minimal effective dose of nicardipine appeared to be 2 mg/hr; 1 mg/hr was an ineffective dose, and little additional effect was seen above 4 mg/hr. Side effects were modest and consisted of those associated with vasodilation--headache, flushing, and feelings of warmth. In the initial group of patients studied, local thrombophlebitis occurred in a substantial number of patients. This was seen only after 14 hours of infusion. In subsequent studies, the infusion site was changed after 12 hours, and no further cases of thrombophlebitis were seen. Nicardipine appears to be therapeutic agent for parenteral use that shows promise in the treatment of severe hypertension.
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PMID:Intravenous nicardipine hydrochloride: treatment of patients with severe hypertension. 240 13

Nicardipine and nifedipine are structurally similar dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers with demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of stable angina pectoris. The present study was a prospective randomized trial designed to evaluate the relative incidence of dizziness, flushing, headache, pedal edema, and palpitations during use of these drugs in patients with angina pectoris. Of 250 patients who entered into the comparative treatment part of the study, 140 patients were susceptible to developing symptoms to nifedipine as identified during a 1-month open-label treatment with nifedipine. These patients were compared with a parallel cohort of 110 patients, who were identified during the same open-label period, but remained mostly asymptomatic. After a 1-week washout of nifedipine, equal numbers of patients in each cohort began an 8-week period of randomized, double-blind treatment with nifedipine (20 mg three times daily) or nicardipine (30 mg three times daily). Patients who experienced these symptoms during the open-label nifedipine treatment had a higher incidence of the same symptoms during the blinded treatment regimen. Nicardipine-treated patients had a lower incidence of each of the symptoms than did the nifedipine-treated patients. Statistically significant differences were reported for dizziness, the most common of the side effects. Patients who were free of these symptoms in the open-label period usually remained free of them in the blinded comparison. However, even among those free of dizziness during the open-label nifedipine treatment, more patients reported experiencing dizziness in the blinded phase from nifedipine than from nicardipine (18% vs 6%; p = 0.02).
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PMID:Randomized double-blind comparison of side effects of nicardipine and nifedipine in angina pectoris. The Nicardipine Investigators Group. 240 16

Nicardipine, a new calcium antagonist, was tested in a 14-week double-blind trial including 15 outpatients with uncomplicated essential hypertension. They were randomly assigned to nicardipine (20-30 mg three times daily) or placebo as first-step treatment. When necessary but always after a minimum of 4 weeks, pindolol (15 mg/day) was combined with nicardipine or placebo. At the end of step 1 (85 +/- 6 days with nicardipine vs. 58 +/- 6 days with placebo, p less than 0.01), nicardipine induced larger drops in supine systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) than the placebo (21 +/- 2.5 vs 1.4 +/- 3 mm Hg, p less than 0.001, and 13 +/- 2 vs. 3.5 +/- 1.5 mm Hg, p less than 0.001, respectively). In the nicardipine group (n = 57), 53% of patients had controlled blood pressure (SBP less than 160 mm Hg and DBP less than 95 mm Hg) versus 17% in the placebo group (n = 47), p less than 0.001. There was no significant correlation between the decrease in blood pressure and the age of patients. The most common side effects in the nicardipine group were flushes (12%), headache (8%), ankle edema (5%), and asthenia (4%). When blood pressure was not brought under control and pindolol was prescribed as the second-step treatment, the nicardipine group (n = 52) displayed larger drops in SBP and DBP than the placebo group (n = 40) (27 +/- 5 vs. 15 +/- 3 mm Hg, p less than 0.01, and 18 +/- 1 vs. 9 +/- 2 mm Hg, p less than 0.001, respectively). These results show that a calcium antagonist is useful for first-step treatment of hypertension.
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PMID:First-step treatment of mild to moderate uncomplicated essential hypertension by a new calcium antagonist: nicardipine. 241 2

Nicardipine is an investigational dihydropyridine calcium channel blocking agent. One hundred fifty-one patients with hypertension received either 30 mg nicardipine t.i.d. or 25 mg hydrochlorothiazide b.i.d. in a double-blind, randomized, multicenter trial. After 4 weeks of therapy and at the end of the dosing interval, nicardipine reduced arterial pressure by 10/6 mm Hg and 12/6 mm Hg in the supine and standing positions, respectively (all p less than 0.01). In the hydrochlorothiazide group, the reductions were 12/6 mm Hg and 14/6 mm Hg, respectively (all p less than 0.01). The maximum reduction in blood pressure of 16/14 mm Hg supine and 20/15 mm Hg standing occurred within 1 hour after administration of nicardipine. The mean reduction in the hydrochlorothiazide group after 1 hour was 14/11 mm Hg supine and 16/12 mm Hg standing. Neither drug affected autonomic reflexes associated with maximum exercise. Nicardipine increased urinary sodium excretion during the 4-hour period after the first dose. Adverse effects of nicardipine were primarily extensions of its vasodilator effect and included flushing, headache, and edema.
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PMID:Nicardipine and hydrochlorothiazide in essential hypertension. 264


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