Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 42-year-old female with high fever and headache was admitted. Physical examination revealed hypertension, thrombocytosis with megakaryocytosis, hyperfibrinogenemia, and high level of serum noradrenaline. After operation of extramedullary pheochromocytoma, all symptoms disappeared and findings became normal. The supernatant of tumor culture showed high levels of interleukin-6.
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PMID:Interleukin-6-producing pheochromocytoma. 185 86

Metoclopramide (MCP), a dopamine antagonist, was recently used as the pharmacological test for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. There have been no reports involving false negative cases in the MCP test. We experienced a rare case of pheochromocytoma which showed a negative MCP test, and it caused a failure of the diagnosis. A 51-year-old man visited our hospital with a sudden onset of headache and palpitation. Blood pressure was 218/98 mmHg at another hospital. When he came to our hospital, blood pressure returned to normal (120/80 mmHg), and both serum adrenaline (E) and noradrenaline (NE) were within normal limits. A computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and angiography demonstrated a 1.8 x 1.8 cm right adrenal mass. No changes in blood pressure and plasma catecholamine were observed following the injection of 10 mg of MCP. The pathologically resected right adrenal gland contained a typical pheochromocytoma which was 1.0 x 1.0 cm in size and weighed 8 g. The detailed mechanism of the negative MCP test in this case was not known but might be related to the small size of the tumor.
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PMID:[A case of undiagnosed pheochromocytoma caused by negative metoclopramide test]. 201 44

A case is presented in which suprarenal neurilemoma was associated with paroxysmal attacks of hypertension, headache and sweating with elevated plasma and urinary catecholamines. Pheochromocytoma was excluded using an overnight clonidine suppression test. Ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, which showed cystic mass with a pedicle continuing to the widened intervertebral foramen, were helpful for the preoperative diagnosis of retroperitoneal neurilemoma. The excised tumor was revealed to be benign neurilemoma and contain detectable levels of adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine. The relationships between tumor catecholamines and clinical manifestations will be discussed.
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PMID:Neurilemoma of the retroperitoneum. 203 18

Since 1960 we have diagnosed phaeochromocytoma (paraganglioma) in 10 children. The cases include a 15 year old girl who over a three year period presented with multiple paragangliomata and an associated malignant carotid body tumour. All children were hypertensive, eight of 10 presenting with severe headaches. Diagnosis was based on finding a raised urinary vanillylmandelic acid excretion and plasma noradrenaline concentration. In addition six of eight children were hypercalcaemic with raised plasma calcitonin concentrations; plasma parathyroid hormone concentrations were high in two of seven and four out of eight children had raised plasma renin activities on presentation. No child, however, was found to have a multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome. Despite the introduction of newer techniques for the detection of catecholamine producing tumours we found that selective arteriography and venous catecholamine sampling were superior for tumour localisation compared with ultrasound scanning, computed tomography, and metaiodo-benzyl-guanidine (MIBG) scanning.
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PMID:Phaeochromocytoma--investigation and management of 10 cases. 233 2

In facial dermatosurgery, the addition of sympathomimetics to local anesthetics produces a desirable topical effect as they provide an almost bloodless operation field due to temporary vasoconstriction. In an 87-year-old woman, who had lost her left sight owing to a meningoma, we removed a basal-cell carcinoma from the right side of her nose. The local anesthetic applied contained noradrenaline at a concentration of 1:50,000. After the operation, the patient complained of a headache and a transitory loss of sight. We suppose that noradrenaline reached the arteria centralis retinae via arterial periorbital anastomoses, thus causing a vasoconstriction of this artery. As far as dermatosurgery of the middle and upper face is concerned, patients with severe vision disorders should be considered as a risk group; in local anesthesia of those patients an addition of sympathomimetics should be avoided.
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PMID:[Ocular side effects of added sympathomimetics in local anesthetics]. 238 92

The cerebral vascular neuromuscular apparatus consists of a varicose perivascular nerve plexus at the adventitial-medial border and smooth muscle cells in the medial coat that are functionally connected. In addition to noradrenaline and acetylcholine, a number of putative non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic neurotransmitters have been identified in cerebral perivascular nerves, including serotonin, substance P, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, gastrin-releasing peptide, cholecystokinin, somatostatin, neurotensin, calcitonin gene-related peptide and neuropeptide Y. The role of adenosine-5'-triphosphate as a cotransmitter with noradrenaline in some perivascular sympathetic nerves, and of endothelial cells in mediating the vasodilatation produced by some neurohumoral agents is discussed. Speculations are made about the relation between vascular neuroeffector mechanisms and migraine, including the possibility of local vasospasm by serotoninergic nerves, reactive hyperaemia involving purine nucleotides and nucleosides, release of substance P from sensory nerve collaterals during antidromic ('axon reflex') impulses and secondary release of local agents such as prostanoids, histamine and bradykinin.
Cephalalgia 1985 May
PMID:Neurogenic control of cerebral circulation. 241 Jan 33

Classical migraine is associated with two distinct phases; an initial vasoconstriction followed by vasodilatation. The "purinergic" hypothesis for migraine was originally put forward in 1981 as a basis for the reactive hyperaemia and pain during the headache phase. It was suggested that adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and its breakdown products adenosine 5'-monophosphate and adenosine were strong contenders for mediating the vasodilatation following the initial vasospasm and subsequent hypoxia. ATP was also implicated in the pathogenesis of pain during migraine via stimulation of primary afferent nerve terminals located in the cerebral vasculature. Recent studies have shown that the ATP-induced cerebral vasodilation is endothelium-dependent via activation of P2Y-purinoceptors on the endothelial cell surface and subsequent release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF); and that the endothelial cells are the main local source of the ATP involved, although adenosine 5'-diphosphate and ATP released from aggregating platelets may also contribute to this vasodilatation. These findings have extended the "purinergic" hypothesis for migraine in two ways. Firstly, they have clarified the mechanism of purinergic vasodilatation during the headache phase of migraine. Secondly, they suggest that a purinergic mechanism may also be involved in the initial local vasospasm, via P2X-purinoceptors on smooth muscle cells occupied by ATP released either as a cotransmitter with noradrenaline from perivascular sympathetic nerves or from damaged endothelial cells.
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PMID:The role of adenosine triphosphate in migraine. 270 Dec 87

Autonomic hyperreflexia (AH) is a syndrome characterised by profound pressor responses, sweating and headache which occurs in tetraplegic patients in response to a variety of stimuli below the level of cord injury. The pathogenesis of this syndrome is unclear but may be associated with increased blood pressure (BP) variability in these patients. To investigate this possibility, 24 hour ambulatory BP monitoring was performed utilising the Spacelabs 5300 Ambulatory BP system in 30 patients: 10 normal subjects, 10 spinal cord injury (SCI) patients who had never experienced AH and 10 SCI patients who had experienced recent episodes of AH (but with no symptoms during the study period). There were no statistically significant differences in systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP) or heart rate (HR) between the three groups. The average of the coefficients of variation of SBP, DBP and HR within each subject over the study period were calculated. Tetraplegic patients who had recently experienced episodes of AH had greater SBP, DBP and HR variability than normal persons (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.005, p less than 0.005) and greater DBP and HR variability than SCI patients who had never experienced AH (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.05). AH may represent the symptoms associated with the upper extremes of this BP variability. The increased variability may be the result of enhanced cardiovascular responsiveness to noradrenaline and arginine vasopressin or because of the absence of descending inhibitory pathways in the decentralised cord that would normally suppress spinal sympathetic reflexes.
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PMID:Blood pressure variability in tetraplegic patients with autonomic hyperreflexia. 278 84

The relative importance of neural and humoral components in the pathogenesis of migraine has yet to be determined, but there is circumstantial evidence that implicates noradrenaline and serotonin as neural or humoral mediators in the recurrent headache, neurological and gastrointestinal symptoms that comprise the migraine syndrome. The treatment of migraine includes the avoidance of precipitating factors when possible, psychological counselling and relaxation training. Pharmacotherapy can be considered rationally in terms of agents acting on receptors that may possibly play a part in the mechanism of migraine.
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PMID:The pharmacotherapy of migraine. 286 57

Noradrenaline, adrenaline, and isoprenaline were infused intracarotidly and the regional cerebral blood flow measured with the intracarotid injection-stationary detector method in patients undergoing carotid angiography. No effect was seen, and beta blockade with intracarotid propranolol also had no effect. The adrenergic effects on cerebral blood vessels are probably neurogenic, and circulating adrenergic agonists and antagonists are unlikely to play a role. Pertubations of adrenergic substances in blood are therefore unlikely to be important in migraine pathophysiology.
Cephalalgia 1986
PMID:Beta-adrenergic effects on cerebral circulation. 287 31


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