Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Neurohumoral correlations of sleep are considered from three aspects: 1. Metabolism and cerebral blood circulation (CBF, EEG, endocranial pressure, cerebral temperature); 2. Neuromediators and neuropeptides (5-HT, hypnogen neuropeptides); 3. The influence of the sleeping-waking cycle on adeno-hypophyseal secretion rhythms (GH, PRL, LH, TSH). Variations of these parameters can play an important role in the onset of night crises of migraine and cluster headache.
Cephalalgia 1983 Aug
PMID:Pituitary secretions and wake-sleep cycle. 661 8

Ten women with recurrent migraine-like headache, flush, urticaria and itching excoriations were put on a protein/tryptophan reduced diet. The 5-HT uptake kinetics in platelets, the frequency of headache attacks and skin symptoms were recorded. On customary food the 5-HT uptake kinetics were severely disturbed. On diet, the platelet 5-HT uptake was normalized and, in parallel, the migraine-like symptoms and skin manifestations were reduced. The parallel between the improvement in active 5-HT uptake by platelets and clinical symptoms during dietary protein/tryptophan restriction supports the idea that impairment of the 5-HT uptake in platelets is a contributory factor in the pathogenesis of migraine-like headache and other 5-HT related symptoms.
Cephalalgia 1983 Dec
PMID:Effects of dietary protein-tryptophan restriction upon 5-HT uptake by platelets and clinical symptoms in migraine-like headache. 664 Jun 53

The prophylactic effect in migraine of femoxetine, a 5-HT-uptake inhibitor, was compared to that of placebo in a double-blind group-comparative study. A total of 59 patients, referred to the department from general practitioners, was stratified according to age, sex, duration, and frequency of attacks and then allocated at random to treatment with either femoxetine or placebo. Each patient was treated for 12 weeks with 200 mg in the first week and 300 in the remaining weeks. Ten patients on femoxetine and four patients on placebo failed to complete the study. Headache index as well as number and severity of attacks showed a significant reduction with time. The patients on femoxetine showed the greatest improvement over time. It was, however, not statistically significant. Direct comparison between femoxetine and placebo revealed no statistically significant difference. Three patients in the femoxetine group withdrew due to side-effects combined with lack of therapeutic effect. Other side-effects were slight and infrequent. They did not interfere with the treatment. These results indicate that femoxetine could be useful in migraine as a prophylactic drug.
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PMID:Femoxetine in the prophylaxis of migraine--a randomised comparison with placebo. 675 46

The prophylactic effect of the 5-HT uptake inhibitor femoxetine was compared with propranolol (Frekven R) in a double-blind crossover trial of 6 months duration. Forty-nine patients commenced the trial. Twelve patients withdrew because of drug failure or failure to attend checkups (6), side effects (4) or other non-drug related causes (2). In the 37 patients who completed the trial there was no significant difference between propranolol 160 mg and femoxetine 400 mg with respect to the number of headache days or the number of migraine attacks during the last 2 months of each treatment, Propranolol, however, was superior to femoxetine when the headache index was used (P less than 0.05). The study has shown that partial depletion of thrombocyte 5-HT by a 5-HT uptake inhibitor does not lead to a marked improvement in all patients contrary to what might be expected from the 5-HT hypothesis of migraine. Nevertheless, due to the infrequent subjective side effects associated with femoxetine treatment it may be a valuable prophylactic drug to a subgroup of migraine patients.
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PMID:Propranolol and femoxetine, a HT-uptake inhibitor, in migraine prophylaxis. A double-blind crossover study. 703 83

5-HT is considered to play a role in the migraine mechanism; its decrease in the midbrain during migraine attacks has been postulated. CSF TP and plasma and platelet 5-HT levels in migraine and cluster headache sufferers have been evaluated; the values registered were compared to those of neurological and carcinoid patients, respectively. The following results were obtained: (a) no significant difference in the time course of free and total TP after l-TP intravenous loading, (b) increased levels of CSF TP during migraine and cluster headache attacks, (c) impressively increased levels of plasma 5-HT only in carcinoid patients. These findings suggest the existence of a positive 5-HT central feedback mechanism during attacks of migraine and cluster headache and thus exclude peripheral 5-HT effects in the generation of pain.
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PMID:A putative 5-HT central feedback in migraine and cluster headache attacks. 705 5

It is well established that cluster headache shows impaired functions at the neuroimmunomodulatory system level. Defects in the expression of receptors for 5-HT, IL-1 and IL-2 have been found in these patients. Sumatriptan, an agonist activity for 5-HT1D receptor, truncates cluster headache attack in 74% of patients. Flow cytometric analysis of monocytes expressing 5-HT receptor in cluster headache patients showed different trends clearly correlated with the clinical response to sumatriptan. Our findings strongly support the concept that cluster headache patients which are non-responders to sumatriptan could present a block in their 5-HT receptor expression possibly due to specific autoantibodies for this receptor site.
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PMID:Is the unresponsiveness to sumatriptan in cluster headache related to an alteration in the 5-HT receptors? 751 79

The double-label flow cytometric analysis of peripheral serotonergic pathways of migraine and cluster headache on a monocyte model has been used to evaluate the activity of drugs with a selective activity on central vascular 5-HT1D receptors, such as sumatriptan, ergotamine and ondansetron. The results indicated that sumatriptan and ergotamine progressively increase the peripheral expression of 5-HT (5-hydroxytryptamine, serotonin). The increase obtained in migraine after ergotamine is more evident than that obtained in cases of cluster headache. Ondansetron produced a moderate increase in serotonergic expression only in cluster headache. The events that occur at intracranic neural and vascular level may cause the described changes of 5-HT expression on the monocyte model as an indirect, reflective, peripheral registration of central serotonergic variations during headache attack as well as during the drug-sustained recovery phase.
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PMID:Upregulated expression of peripheral serotonergic receptors in migraine and cluster headache by sumatriptan. 767 73

Superficial temporal arteries (STAs) are abnormally dilated in the painful side during cluster headache (CH) attacks. We have assessed the possible dysfunction of these arteries by comparing in vitro the reactivity of STAs removed from the painful side of CH patients during a cluster of attacks with that of STAs from patients free of CH. The responses to KCl and norepinephrine (NE) of both types of arteries were similar. Serotonin (5HT) induced a classical dose-dependent constriction in arteries from non-CH patients, but systematically triggered rhythmic contractions in arteries from episodic CH patients. Arteries from chronic CH patients also showed spontaneous rhythmic contractions. In both cases, this activity was stopped by calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) but, even in the presence of CGRP, it could be restored by low concentrations of 5HT. Thus, 5HT, unlike NA, can trigger rythmic activity in STAs of CH patients and may play a major role in CH through abnormal smooth muscle cell reactivity.
Cephalalgia 1994 Dec
PMID:Spontaneous and 5HT-induced cyclic contractions in superficial temporal arteries from chronic and episodic cluster headache patients. 769 3

We have confirmed our earlier finding that most red wines are able to bring about 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) release from platelets in vitro. Platelets from individual subjects manifested varying degrees of releasing ability but responded to different wines with a similar rank ordering. There was a high correlation (r = 0.87) between the effect of red wine and that of reserpine in different individuals. Some types of red wine caused a consistently higher release of 5-HT than others in all subjects; one red wine in particular resulted in negligible release. When several brands of this 'low-releasing' red wine were further examined, they all showed a lower activity than all the brands of a 'high-releasing' red wine type. This variation in releasing power was not related to intensity of red colour. Partial purification of red wine was achieved by column chromatography and showed releasing activity to be associated with a low molecular weight orange fraction. Preliminary studies, using solid phase extraction methods, showed that the active components lie mainly in a subgroup of the flavonoid fraction. If any of the adverse effects of red wine, such as headache induction, derive from this 5-HT releasing ability, then it may be possible to prepare red wines free from the chemical substances responsible.
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PMID:5-Hydroxytryptamine release from platelets by different red wines: implications for migraine. 772 Jul 90

1. Venous resistance contributes very little to total peripheral resistance; more than half of the total blood volume, however, is contained in the extrathoracic veins. Owing to marked differences between venous and arterial anatomy and physiology, studies on veins and arteries usually require different methodological approaches. Whereas for arteries the most relevant parameters are resistance, pressure and flow, for veins volume and compliance are most important. For studies of general aspects of the peripheral circulatory system, venous occlusion plethysmography is probably the most useful method. The determination of both the rate of rise in limb volume and the total volume rise after inflating a proximally applied occlusion cuff to a subdiastolic pressure permits the concomitant estimation of both arterial flow and venous compliance. 2. Studies of direct pharmacological or physiological effects on veins, interactions of various pharmacological or physiological stimuli, or pathophysiological changes in venous responsiveness have been facilitated by the development of investigational techniques relying on direct measurements of the compliance of single human veins in vivo. One of these, relying on the use of a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) for determining changes in the compliance of superficial veins at a standardized congestion pressure, has been found very suitable for the practical application in both patients and healthy subjects. 3. Physiological studies were carried out on the effect of age, exercise, temperature, and the menstrual cycle on venous compliance and venous responsiveness to various stimuli. In addition, interindividual variability in venous responsiveness in monozygotic and dizygotic twins and in unrelated subjects was investigated, and studies on the function of the endothelium were carried out in man in vivo. 4. Pathophysiological studies using this technique were reported from patients with hypertension, orthostatic hypotension, myocardial infarction, varicosis, cystic fibrosis, asthma, diabetes, systemic sclerosis, and cluster headache. 5. Clinical pharmacological studies represent a most important field for the use of this method. Studies were carried out on the effects of a large number of constrictor and dilator agents, and also on drug interactions on human veins in vivo. Venoconstriction was observed after local administration of alpha-adrenoceptor and 5-HT-receptor agonists, ergot derivatives, angiotensinogen, angiotensin I and II, and several prostaglandins. 6. Owing to the low venous tone present under effects can usually be quantified only on veins e.g. noradrenaline or 5-hydroxytryptamine. Under these conditions dilatation was observed after the administration of beta-adrenoceptor agonists, cholinergic (muscarinic) agonists, nitrates, calcium antagonists, bradykinin, substance P and several prostaglandins.
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PMID:Clinical pharmacology, physiology and pathophysiology of superficial veins--1. 782 19


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