Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Paroxetine, a new, potent and selective serotonin (5-HT) uptake inhibitor has been evaluated in an open study for its clinical effect as well as its effect on the 5-HT concentration in whole blood in 19 patients with depressive illness. Paroxetine was administered in daily doses of 20 to 60 mg. The global evaluation after six to eight weeks showed a marked improvement in 11 patients, a moderate improvement in four and no change in four patients. Assessment with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression in ten patients showed a reduction from a mean score of 22.7 to 6.6 in six weeks. Maximal reduction was, however, first seen in three of the patients after 8 to 12 weeks. No correlation between the antidepressant effect and plasma concentrations of paroxetine was found. The only side effects noted with paroxetine were that two patients complained of dry mouth in the beginning of the treatment and a further patient experienced a burning sensation together with periodical light headache. Generally laboratory examinations did not show any trend towards pathological values except in one patient, where a moderate leucopenia was observed. Crista puncture/biopsy showed, however, no specific bone marrow reaction. The 5-HT concentration in whole blood was reduced to about 0.02 micrograms/ml indicating a total depletion of 5-HT from the thrombocytes. The present study indicates that paroxetine possesses a good antidepressive effect in combination with a very low frequency of side effects.
 ...
PMID:An early clinical phase II evaluation of paroxetine, a new potent and selective 5HT-uptake inhibitor in patients with depressive illness. 621 7

The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of zimeldine, a 5-HT reuptake inhibitor, in the long-term treatment of depressive disorders. The study was an open label, multicentre investigation involving 147 patients who were suffering from depressive illness and who needed long-term anti-depressant treatment. Sixty-five patients completed the intended treatment period of 1 year, 75 terminated prematurely, and 7 are still in the programme. The reasons for termination were mainly ineffectiveness of the drug and adverse reactions. During the long-term treatment the most common emergent symptoms were, in order of decreasing frequency, dizziness, dry mouth, sleep disorders, sweating, tremor, nausea and headache. The side-effects were, however, mild and they generally decreased during the treatment period. No new adverse symptoms were reported. In the long-term treatment group, body weight showed a slight mean decrease. Clinical chemistry and cardiovascular investigations were judged to show no changes of clinical importance. It is concluded that zimeldine was shown to be a safe drug in this 1-year treatment programme of depression.
 ...
PMID:The safety of zimeldine in long-term use in depressive illness. 623 Aug 89

Zimeldine, imipramine and placebo were studied in a randomized, double-blind, parallel group comparison of 119 patients with primary affective disorders. These out-patients were between 18 and 65 years of age and all received placebo single-blind during an initial 3-7-day washout period. During the subsequent 6-week double-blind period, patients were titrated from 50 mg b.d. to 150 mg b.d. with zimeldine, a potent and selective inhibitor of 5-HT reuptake, with imipramine, an inhibitor of noradrenaline and 5-HT reuptake, or with a corresponding number of placebo capsules. The zimeldine treatment group had significantly lower mean HAM-D scale total scores than the placebo and imipramine groups at week 4 and last available assessment. There was a significantly greater proportion of patients showing an improvement of 50% or more in HAM-D score, among the zimeldine group than in the placebo group at week 4, and among the imipramine group at weeks 4, 6 and last available assessment. The Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scales and the 56-item Hopkins Symptom Check-list (HSCL-56) self-rating inventory both showed significantly more improvement in the zimeldine patients than in the placebo or the imipramine patients. Fewer zimeldine patients reported adverse experiences than imipramine patients. Dry mouth was the most frequently reported adverse experience, occurring significantly more often in the imipramine group than the zimeldine or the placebo groups; significantly more zimeldine than placebo patients reported dry mouth. Headache was the only other adverse experience which occurred more often in the zimeldine than in the placebo group. The imipramine group had consistently higher mean pulse rates than the other two groups, and postural hypotension was also more common in the imipramine group.
 ...
PMID:A double-blind, controlled evaluation of zimeldine, imipramine and placebo in patients with primary affective disorders. 623 Aug 97

The observation that migraine patients improve during pregnancy with return of headache upon commencement of breast feeding, led Authors to investigate the involvement of Pain Suppressor System (PSS) in pregnancy and after delivery. PSS is a complex system which utilizes neurotransmitters as beta-Endorphine-Like-Immunoreactivity (beta-ELI), 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), Dopamine (DA) and GABA. The Authors report preliminary results of beta-ELI behaviour in pregnancy and in the immediate post-partum period in rats.
 ...
PMID:[The puerperium and dysnociception. I) Behavior of serum beta-endorphins in pregnant and post-partum animals]. 627 25

A significant degree of supersensitivity to 5-HT and DA was detected when carrying out the computerized venotest on migraine patients during an attack. A similar supersensitivity was observed during morphine abstinence and naloxone-precipitated withdrawal in addicts. Mild abstinence after slight and short morphine treatment provoked monoamine supersensitivity in volunteers. In these conditions, the administration of morphine inhibited the 5-HT and DA supersensitivity. In spontaneous central panalgesia, monoamine supersensitivity is detectable, as well as in panalgesia induced in headache sufferers by means of PCPA 5-HT deprivation. By means of the venotest, the ergot derivatives were confirmed as being partial 5-HT agonists. These drugs can also carry out their therapeutic activity by potentiating 5-HT at a central level in 5-HT-deficient neurons. The presence of opiate receptors in the human vein is stressed. The high supersensitivity of the venous smooth muscle to 5-HT and DA both in headache and systemic pain sufferers and during morphine withdrawal suggests a pathophysiological analogy between these conditions.
 ...
PMID:Monoamine sensitivity of smooth muscle in vivo in nociception disorders. 627 78

The scarce or absent analgesic effect exhibited by morphine on pain from migraine attack and the poor inhibition of the spasmogenic effect of 5-HT (tested on the hand dorsal vein, computerized venotest) suggest the hypothesis of an opioid receptor deficiency in headache sufferers. Since endogenous opioids control the nociception, the sense of well being, and the vegetative balance, an opioid receptoral hypofunction could be the background of the headache and central panalgia, where the trinity pain, anhedonia, and dysautonomia are the characteristic features.
Cephalalgia 1981 Jun
PMID:Opioid receptor impairment--underlying mechanism in "pain diseases"? 628 33

The Authors valued effects of the extinction-test with Thiapride (200 mg i.v.) in the primary headaches. They particularly noticed a significant reduction of PGF2-alpha and PRL, together with an increase of 5-HT and beta-ELI in CSF.
 ...
PMID:[New contributions on extinction tests of essential headache. III. The test with tiapride]. 631 20

Several disturbances in platelet function have been reported in migraineurs including serotonin (5-HT) metabolism and abnormal aggregability of platelets. The present work compared platelets taken from migraineurs during attacks and at headache-free periods with those of controls. The results demonstrated a tendency to increased aggregability during attacks compared to headache-free periods, and lower still in controls. Kinetic analysis of 5-HT uptake revealed normal Km, increased Vmax values and lower imipramine inhibition in migraineurs (both during headache and at headache-free periods). However, although the differences were significant statistically, they were small, and their clinical relevance remains to be proven.
Cephalalgia 1984 Dec
PMID:Platelet aggregability, disaggregability and serotonin uptake in migraine. 651 2

The prophylactic effect of a 5-HT uptake inhibitor, femoxetine, was compared with that of propranolol in a double-blind crossover study of 6-months duration. 29 patients commenced the experiment. 3 subjects withdrew because of side effects and 2 because the program was inconvenient for them. In the 24 patients who continued the study to the end, the periods of propranolol (administered 160 mg daily) and of femoxetine (given 400 mg daily) differed significantly from each other with respect to the attack frequency and headache index. A significant reduction in the use of medication relieving attacks was observed during the propranolol treatment as compared with the pre-treatment period. The study showed that partial depletion of thrombocyte 5-HT uptake inhibitor did not lead to a marked improvement in headache, contrary to what might be expected on the grounds of the 5-HT hypothesis of migraine.
 ...
PMID:Femoxetine - a new 5-HT uptake inhibitor - and propranolol in the prophylactic treatment of migraine. 660 30

Using the computerized venotest, it is possible to evaluate both the venospastic activity of the vasoactive monoamines (NA,5-HT, DA) and the effects of the relative agonistic and antagonistic drugs. The ergot-derivatives are 5-HT and NA agonists at low doses, and are 5-HT antagonists at high doses. Dihydroergotamine timed release (DHE-TR) administered orally is capable at 12 hours following the last administration of producing a significant increase of 5-HT and NA venospasm. It is hypothesized that 12 hours after the last administration of DHE-TR, hematic concentrations, corresponding to clinical and therapeutic levels, capable of potentiating the monoamine venospasm still exists.
Cephalalgia 1983 Aug
PMID:Clinical pharmacological aspects of dihydroergotamine timed release: activity on monoamine venospasm. 661 2


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>