Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nitrendipine is a calcium entry blocker shown to inhibit the movement of calcium through the 'slow channel' of cardiac and vascular smooth muscle, thus inducing peripheral vasodilation with consequent reductions in elevated blood pressure. As evidenced by clinical trials, nitrendipine promptly lowers blood pressure in patients with mild to moderate hypertension, and sustains this effect during long term administration. Combining nitrendipine with other antihypertensive agents such as diuretics or beta-blockers often results in successful treatment in patients unresponsive to nitrendipine monotherapy. Headache, oedema, flushing and palpitations commonly occurring during treatment with nitrendipine are generally mild, usually subsiding with continued therapy. Thus, although additional long term studies are required to properly assess the relative merits of the drug compared with other antihypertensives, by providing the clinician with an effective and safe alternative to traditional therapies, nitrendipine represents a step forward in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension.
 ...
PMID:Nitrendipine. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of hypertension. 355 92

Nitrendipine is a new nifedipine-like calcium antagonist antihypertensive agent. In this study, nitrendipine 5-40 mg orally bid was administered for up to three months to 16 patients with severe essential hypertension (untreated supine diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 115 mm Hg). Hydrochlorothiazide or propranolol or both were also given to patients who did not achieve goal blood pressure with nitrendipine alone. Five patients achieved goal blood pressure (supine less than or equal to 90 mm Hg) with nitrendipine alone and six more after the addition of a second drug, and only four required triple-drug therapy. One patient was terminated from the study because of headaches, a common nitrendipine side effect. This study demonstrates that nitrendipine is an effective and well-tolerated agent in the treatment of severe hypertension.
 ...
PMID:Effectiveness of a new calcium antagonist in severe hypertension. 379 49

The long-term efficacy of nitrendipine and acebutolol was assessed during a 40-week double-blind randomized trial in 60 hypertensive blacks. Nitrendipine (mean dose 32 mg/day) and acebutolol (414 mg/day) were administered in monotherapy in increasing dosage and mefruside was added in patients not controlled by monotherapy. The recumbent and standing blood pressures were reduced (P less than 0.01 or less) during monotherapy with nitrendipine and acebutolol, but the magnitude of blood pressure reduction was greater (P less than 0.05 or less) during nitrendipine dosing. Pulse rate decreased (P less than 0.01) during acebutolol whereas nitrendipine induced a nonsignificant increase. Both treatments induced no changes in serum electrolytes, creatinine, urea, uric acid, lipids, plasma renin activity, and plasma and urinary aldosterone. The overall incidence of side effects was similar with both treatments but four patients discontinued nitrendipine because of headache. The addition of mefruside to nitrendipine or acebutolol produced a further fall of blood pressure in patients not controlled with monotherapy. Monotherapy with nitrendipine or acebutolol offers an effective, safe first-line antihypertensive treatment in blacks entered in this study; with the described dosages and therapeutic schedule, nitrendipine was somewhat more effective than acebutolol.
 ...
PMID:Calcium entry blockade or beta-blockade in long-term management of hypertension in blacks. 380 5

The authors have studied the effects of Nitrendipine, orally given in a dose of 20 mg, once a day for 30 days, in patients with mild to moderate hypertension. Twelve patients initially entered the study but four of them discontinued the treatment during the first week, because of unwanted side-effects: headaches, palpitation, sensations of burning skin. The remaining eight patients underwent a comparative evaluation at the end of a placebo period (DO) and at the end of the active treatment (D30), including successively: an automatic blood pressure recording with a Bard-Sentron device for 3 hours, then a determination of plasma renin activity, aldosterone and catecholamines, and finally a measurement of the blood pressure with a mercury manometer, at rest and during a standardized exercise on an ergometric bicycle. At D30, the Nitrendipine tablet was given one hour after the beginning of the automatic recording. The blood pressure measured with the mercury manometer (i.e. approximately 2 hours after the dose of Nitrendipine) significantly decreased from D0 to D30, at rest and during exercise, respectively from 161.5/104.6 to 132.8/82.5 mmHg and from 210.0/116.8 to 190.0/95.6 mmHg. The automatic recording provided, at D0, a mean blood pressure value of 152.4/90.6 mmHg; at D30, this mean value was as high as 142.6/90.7 mmHg during the hour preceding the dose of Nitrendipine (NS) and as high as 129.2/78.6 mmHg during the 2nd hour following the intake of the tablet (p less than 0.01). Plasma aldosterone and plasma renin activity significantly (p less than 0.05) increased from D0 to D30, whereas catecholamines did not change.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Evaluation of the antihypertensive effect and tolerability of a new delayed-action calcium channel blocker: nitrendipine, prescribed as a single daily dose of 20 mg]. 381 62

The antihypertensive efficacy of the calcium entry blocker nitrendipine administered as monotherapy (20-80 mg; mean, 36/day) on the average for 144 days to 46 patients with essential hypertension (WHO I and II) was investigated in relation to age, pretreatment blood pressure, and plasma renin activity. In addition, we compared the blood pressure responses to verapamil (n = 11) and nifedipine (n = 15) with those to nitrendipine. Nitrendipine monotherapy reduced blood pressure from 168 +/- 16/107 +/- 7 mm Hg to 145 +/- 13/91 +/- 6 (both p less than 0.001); in 33 of 46 patients a diastolic pressure less than or equal to 95 mm Hg was achieved. During long-term treatment, heart rate and body weight remained unchanged. Thirteen of 16 patients in whom blood pressure was measured 24 h after a single oral dose (20 to 40 mg) reached a diastolic pressure less than or equal to 95 mm Hg. Treatment with nitrendipine had to be discontinued because of severe headache in two and ankle oedema in one patient. The fall in mean blood pressure after nitrendipine was directly related to age (r = 0.553; p less than 0.001) and pretreatment mean blood pressure (r = 0.470; p less than 0.01) and inversely related to plasma renin activity (r = 0.558; p less than 0.001). These correlations were also significant for systolic and diastolic blood pressure. There was comparable antihypertensive efficacy, as expressed by changes in mean blood pressure, between nitrendipine and verapamil (r = 0.869; p less than 0.01), and nitrendipine and nifedipine (r = 0.953; p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Antihypertensive therapy with the long-acting calcium antagonist nitrendipine. 608 70

The antihypertensive effect of 20 mg of nitrendipine (BAY e 5009) was compared with that of 40 mg, administered orally once daily to 12 patients with essential hypertension (WHO I-II). The study was designed as a double-blind, within-patient comparison. The present results indicate that nitrendipine has a significant antihypertensive effect both at 20 and 40 mg as compared to placebo. There was no significant change in heart rate with 20 mg of nitrendipine, whereas there was a significant increase in heart rate after the first dose of 40 mg. Nitrendipine in dosages of 20 mg and 40 mg daily was equally effective as regards the antihypertensive effect. This applies both to the early response (first day) and the late response (3 weeks). Side effects were common in the 40-mg treatment group, but rare in the 20-mg group; only one patient had headache (three times) during the 3-week treatment period. It can be concluded that in mild hypertension, treatment with 20 mg of nitrendipine once daily constitutes an effective antihypertensive therapy. In more severe cases of hypertension, however, combination treatment with beta-blockers, for example, and/or repeated daily administration of nitrendipine ought to be investigated.
 ...
PMID:Experience with nitrendipine--a new calcium antagonist--in hypertension. 618 74

Nitrendipine (BAY e 5009) is a new calcium channel blocker with a marked effect on excitation-contraction coupling in different types of muscle cells. It has many similarities to the established agent, nifedipine. In the present study, nitrendipine was evaluated in a double-blind within-patient comparison. Twelve patients with essential hypertension were given nitrendipine 20 mg or 40 mg orally for three weeks following a 1-week placebo period. After a second 1-week placebo period, there was a crossover to the alternative dosage (20 or 40 mg respectively), and active therapy was again given for 3 weeks. Both doses of nitrendipine caused a significant and equal reduction of arterial pressure, which persisted for at least 24 hours. Only the highest dose caused an increase in heart rate. There were a few reports of headaches, flushing, and palpitation, particularly after the 40 mg dose. There was a significant correlation between the reduction of mean arterial pressure and the log plasma concentration (20 mg: r = -0.88, p less than 0.01; 40 mg: r = -0.94, p less than 0.001). There was a linear relationship between the area under the curve and the oral dose, indicating that liver enzyme saturation had not occurred. There was no accumulation of nitrendipine in plasma during 3 weeks of treatment.
 ...
PMID:Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters in patients treated with nitrendipine. 634 73

Nitrendipine (Bay e 5009) is a new calcium antagonist antihypertensive agent similar in structure and function to nifedipine. Nitrendipine was tested in a range of single and repeated doses in 10 adult males with uncomplicated mild to moderate hypertension. The treatment goal was reduction of diastolic blood pressure to 90 mm Hg or less. The dose that achieved goal blood pressure ranged between 10 and 30 mg. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure began to fall within 15 minutes following ingestion of single oral doses of nitrendipine. The maximum effect of the drug was achieved in 60 to 90 minutes and remained at approximately this level for 6 to 8 hours. The average reduction in supine diastolic was more than twice as great as the fall in systolic blood prere began to fall within 15 minutes following ingestion of single oral doses of nitrendipine. The maximum effect of the drug was acheived in 60 to 90 minutes and remained at approximately this level for 6 to 8 hours. The average reduction in supine diastolic was more than twice as great as the fall in systolic blood pressure. With continuous doses given three times daily, all patients' blood pressures were as low or lower than the maximal effect observed after single doses. The reduction in blood pressure was sustained for the full 3 weeks of treatment. There was a sustained small increase in pulse rate averaging 6 beats/min. The drug was generally well tolerated by most patients. Mild to moderate headache that resolved with continued treatment was the most frequent side effect. This preliminary trial indicates that nitrendipine is an effective antihypertensive agent that merits further study.
 ...
PMID:Acute and short-term effects of new calcium antagonist in hypertension. 706 6


<< Previous 1 2