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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Previous uncontrolled, nonrandomized trials suggest that magnesium sulfate (MgSO(4)) is effective in the treatment of headache. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of MgSO(4) vs. prochlorperazine in emergency department (ED) patients with acute headache. Patients presenting to the ED with a chief complaint of headache who met study criteria were enrolled. Each patient rated pain on a visual analog scale before and 30 min after a randomized study drug infusion. Thirty-six similar patients were enrolled. There was complete or partial pain relief in 90% of the prochlorperazine group and 56% of the MgSO(4) group, a statistically significant difference. Prochlorperazine caused significantly fewer side effects, and none of the patients required additional medication during the study period. It was determined that intravenous prochlorperazine is highly effective in the treatment of headache and magnesium is moderately effective. Response to MgSO(4) was unrelated to serum Mg level.
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PMID:A prospective study of i.v. magnesium and i.v. prochlorperazine in the treatment of headaches. 1072 68

Sixty consecutive patients who had undergone replacement of dental amalgam fillings and a protocol of nutritional support and heavy metal detoxification using dimercapto-propanyl-sulfate and neural therapy were surveyed. A questionnaire was mailed to the patients and 42 responded, resulting in a response rate of 70%. The reasons for undergoing treatment were many, ranging from a patient's desire to avoid potential health problems in the future to treatment of serious current disease. Although medical diagnoses were made when possible before treatment, this survey studied only the patients' estimations of their most distressing symptoms and their evaluations of response to treatment. The most common complaints were problems with memory and/or concentration; muscle and/or joint pain; anxiety and insomnia; stomach, bowel, and bladder complaints; depression; food or chemical sensitivities; numbness or tingling; and eye symptoms, in descending order of frequency. The most distressing symptoms were headache and backache, fatigue, and memory and concentration problems. Headache and backache responded best to treatment, but all symptoms showed considerable improvement on average. Of the respondents, 78% reported that they were either satisfied or very satisfied with the results of treatment, and 9.5% reported that they were disappointed.
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PMID:Results of dental amalgam removal and mercury detoxification using DMPS and neural therapy. 1089 13

Inhaled morphine has been used to treat dyspnea in a variety of clinical settings. There are, however, no reports of its use in treating patients with end-stage lung disease due to cystic fibrosis (CF). We report on the use of inhaled morphine sulfate in a 13-year-old boy with CF, advanced lung disease, and acute respiratory failure. Therapy was effective in reducing his subjective feeling of air hunger and improving his BORG score. His sole significant adverse effect was headache after 2 days of treatment at 4-hourly intervals.
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PMID:Inhaled morphine to relieve dyspnea in advanced cystic fibrosis lung disease. 1097 44

A 65-year-old female visited our clinic with painful red vesicular dermatitis of the forehead and around the left eye. She had received acupuncture for headache and shoulder stiffness 6 days before visiting our clinic. A patch test with nickel sulfate gave positive results. We treated her with the greater occipital nerve block and trigger point injection which relieved her pain. We reached the diagnosis of greater occipital trigeminal syndrome with contact dermatitis from the acupuncture needle.
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PMID:[A case of acupuncture needle dermatitis]. 1099 83

In the past decade, cases of babesiosis in humans have been reported with increasing frequency, especially in the northeastern United States. Babesia microti (in the United States) and bovine strains (in Europe) cause most infections in humans. Most cases are tick-borne, although cases of transfusion-associated and transplacental/perinatal transmission have also been reported. Factors associated with more severe disease include advanced age, previous splenectomy and immunodeficient states. Symptoms include high fever, chills, diaphoresis, weakness, anorexia and headache. Later in the course of the illness, the patient may develop jaundice. Congestive heart failure, renal failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome are the most common complications. Therapy using the combination of quinine sulfate and clindamycin was the most commonly used treatment; however, atovaquone suspension plus azithromycin was recently reported an equally effective and less toxic therapy. Exchange transfusion, together with antibabesial chemotherapy, may be necessary in critically ill patients.
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PMID:When to suspect and how to monitor babesiosis. 1138 11

Animal studies indicate that beta(2)-adrenergic receptor agonists enhance transport of levodopa across the blood-brain barrier. Preliminary studies showed improved response to levodopa in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) who were given albuterol as adjunctive therapy. Beta(2)-adrenergic agonists may offer additional benefits to PD patients via their skeletal muscle anabolic effects, particularly those who experience decreased muscle strength and weight loss. Nondemented, fluctuating PD patients receiving levodopa but not experiencing severe dyskinesias underwent the following tests at baseline and 14 weeks after treatment with albuterol sulfate (4 mg four times a day, orally): Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor, tapping, and stand-walk-sit tests every 30 minutes between 8 am and 5 pm; body composition analyses using whole-body plethysmography and computed tomography of the thigh; muscle strength tests; and the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39). Results were analyzed using paired t-tests (2 tailed), repeated-measures analysis of variance, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Seven of 8 enrolled patients completed the study; 1 patient withdrew because of headache and anxiety. The area under the curve for all-day UPDRS motor scores improved by 9.8 +/- 9.1% (mean +/- standard deviation; P < 0.05) and tapping improved by 7.6 +/- 8.1% (P < 0.05). The effect was more pronounced when only the response to the first levodopa dose (area under the curve, 8-11 am) was analyzed: 13.0 +/- 9.8% and 9.8 +/- 9.6% respectively. Thigh muscle cross-sectional area increased significantly as measured by computed tomography (5.3 +/- 3.2%, P < 0.01), as did fat-free mass by whole-body plethysmography combined with total-body water determination (9.5 +/- 2.9%, P < 0.05). There was no significant improvement in the stand-walk-sit test, muscle strength tests, other UPDRS sections, daily OFF time, or PDQ-39. Four patients were rated as having a mild global improvement (+1 point) on a -3 to +3-point scale, and 3 of them chose to continue albuterol beyond the termination of the study. The mean heart rate increased from 78.3 +/- 9.3 beats/minute to 85.6 +/- 8.7 beats/minute (P < 0.05). No laboratory abnormalities or electrocardiographic changes were induced by albuterol in any subject. This open-label pilot study suggests that albuterol increases muscle mass and improves the therapeutic response to levodopa in patients with fluctuating PD. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study is needed to confirm the effects and safety profile of beta(2)-agonists in PD.
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PMID:Albuterol improves response to levodopa and increases skeletal muscle mass in patients with fluctuating Parkinson disease. 1289 42

The difficult types of preeclampsia and eclampsia are presented with the neurological symptoms. The break of cerebral autoregulation mechanism plays the most important role in pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm. Nevertheless, eclampsia isn't just an ordinary hypertensive encephalopathy because other pathogenic mechanisms are involved in its appearance. The main neuropathologic changes are multifocal vasogenic edema, perivascular multiple microinfarctions and petechial hemorrhages. Neurological clinical manifestations are convulsions, headache, visual disturbances and rarely other discrete focal neurological symptoms. Eclampsia is a high-risk factor for onset of hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke. This is a reason why neurological diagnostic tests are sometimes needed. The method of choice for evaluation of complicated eclampsia is computerized brain topography that shows multiple areas of hypodensity in occipitoparietal regions. These changes are focal vasogenic cerebral edema. For differential diagnosis of eclampsia and stroke other diagnostic methods can be used--fundoscopic exam, magnetic resonance brain imaging, cerebral angiography and cerebrospinal fluid exam. The therapy of eclampsia considers using of magnesium sulfate, antihypertensive, anticonvulsive and antiedematous drugs.
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PMID:[Neurologic aspects of eclampsia]. 1460 66

We present two cases of late postpartum eclampsia. Both patients presented with a chief complaint of headache, and were diagnosed with eclampsia after the onset of seizures. Neither patient had proteinuria or edema. Further evaluation did not yield another diagnosis for the seizures, and treatment with i.v. magnesium sulfate was successful in stopping the seizures. No further seizure activity occurred in either patient.
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PMID:Late postpartum eclampsia: a common presentation of an uncommon diagnosis. 1465 78

Palonosetron (Aloxi(R), Onicit(R)) is a potent, single stereoisomeric 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist developed to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. The pharmacokinetics and metabolic disposition of a single intravenous [(14)C]-palonosetron (10 microg/kg, 0.8 microCi/kg) bolus dose were evaluated in six healthy volunteers (three males, three females) using serial blood, plasma, urine and fecal samples obtained over 10 days. The safety, tolerability and cardiac effects were assessed. Radiolabeled metabolic characterization revealed that unchanged palonosetron accounted for 71.9% of the total radioactivity in plasma over 96 h, with an extensive distribution volume (8.34 l/kg) and mean plasma elimination half-life of 37 h. Approximately 83% of the dose was recovered in urine ( approximately 40% as unchanged drug, with 50% metabolized; M9 and M4 were the major metabolites) and 3.4% in feces. Hydrolysis of urine samples suggests that the metabolites are not beta-glucuronide or sulfate conjugates of the parent drug or metabolites. The blood to plasma concentration ratio of the total radioactivity was 1.2, on average, indicating little selective partitioning in erythrocytes. Palonosetron was generally well tolerated; headache was the most frequently reported adverse event. Electrocardiograms and 72 h Holter monitoring revealed no clinically significant changes. Palonosetron circulates in plasma mainly as the parent drug. Renal elimination is the primary excretion route, with parent drug and metabolites M9 and M4 accounting for the majority of palonosetron disposition. These results indicate that both renal and hepatic routes are involved in the elimination of palonosetron from the body.
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PMID:Pharmacokinetics, metabolism and excretion of intravenous [l4C]-palonosetron in healthy human volunteers. 1537 59

Acute ingestion of copper sulfate has been reported to cause gastrointestinal injury, hemolysis, methemoglobinemia, hepatorenal failure, shock; or even death. The toxicity of organocopper compounds, however, remains largely unknown. A 40-y-old man attempted suicide by ingesting some 50 ml of Sesamine fungicide. He immediately developed headache, vomiting and abdominal pain, followed by progressive dyspnea, cyanosis, dark urine and diarrhea. Severe methemoglobinemia and hemolysis were documented, and treatment with ascorbic acid and hydration was commenced. He was referred to our service 3 d later for methylene blue treatment. Despite the above treatment, his symptomatology persisted and it was not until 5 d post-ingestion that the implicated fungicide was identified as copper-8-hydroxyquinolate. BAL therapy and plasma exchange were instituted, which decreased his plasma hemoglobin from 1,300 mg/dL to 29.1 mg/dL, and lowered his methemoglobin level from 20.9% to 1.1%. His serum and urine copper concentration dropped from 238 microg/dL to 96 microg/dL and from 112 microg/dL to 16 microg/dL, respectively. He was discharged uneventfully 18 d post-ingestion. Pre-existing glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency as well as copper-induced inhibition of G6PD activity was documented during hospitalization. Organocopper compounds may cause prolonged hemolysis and methemoglobinemia through oxidative stress, especially among patients with G6PD deficiency. Antidotal therapy with methylene blue is not likely to be effective in this setting: treatment with intensive supportive measures and other therapeutic options, such as plasma exchange, should be sought.
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PMID:Prolonged hemolysis and methemoglobinemia following organic copper fungicide ingestion. 1558 50


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