Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Stimulated by positive reports of patients who were treated with CO2-gas injections during a sanatorium stay in the CSSR and after evaluation of the literature, we began with the CO2-gas injection in our patients in 1983. The following disturbances and groups of diseases were included as indication to this form of therapy: 1. Cervico-cranial syndrome, in particular pains in the neck, contractions of the neck, headache including migraine and vertigo 2. Cervico-brachial syndrome 3. Lumbalgia with and without root-irritation syndrome 4. Other pain conditions at the apparatus of locomotion (by degenerative changes, muscular contractions and others). Before the beginning of the therapy the diagnoses were clinically and paraclinically clarified. The therapeutic mechanism is explained by the physiological irritation, which is evoked by the high CO2-concentrations in the tissue and leads to an increase of the blood supply in the adequate region. The results of the therapy are convincing.
 ...
PMID:[CO2 gas injection--indications and results]. 312 16

"Environmental tobacco smoke" (ETS) is the term used to characterize tobacco combustion products inhaled by nonsmokers in the proximity of burning tobacco. Over 3800 compounds are in tobacco smoke, many of which are known carcinogens. Most ETS exposure is from sidestream smoke emitted from the burning tip of the cigarette. Sidestream smoke is hazardous because it contains high concentrations of ammonia, benzene, nicotine, carbon monoxide, and many carcinogens. Nonsmokers chronically exposed to ETS are believed to assume health risks similar to those of a light smoker. Children of parents who smoke have more respiratory infections, more hospitalizations for bronchitis and pneumonia, and a smaller rate of increase in lung function compared to children of parents who do not smoke, particularly during the first year of life. Among adults with preexisting health conditions such as allergies, chronic lung conditions, and angina, the symptoms of these conditions are exacerbated by exposure to ETS. The acute health effects among healthy adults include headaches, nausea, and irritation of the eyes and nasal mucous membranes. The evidence for a relationship between ETS and cancer at sites other than lung is insufficient to draw any positive conclusions. For lung cancer, studies have consistently shown an excess risk between 10% and 300%, with a summary relative risk of 1.3 (95% confidence interval = 1.1-1.5). A dose-response relation is suggested but difficult to assess completely. Histologic types of lung cancer are generally similar to those most closely associated with active smoking, although other histologic types have also been found. Both excess relative risks and the dose responses are underestimates of the true excess risk and of the range of dose-response effect. Although the temporal relationship between exposure and disease occurrence is established, many questions are unanswered. The findings are consistent with many known biologic effects of active smoking and are partially analogous to the biologic effects of direct smoke inhalation. As many as 5000 nonsmokers are estimated to die annually from lung cancer as a result of exposure to ETS. There is great potential for prevention of these premature deaths. The two major preventive actions are (a) eliminating the source by reducing the amount of direct smoking and (b) limiting the level of exposure by restricting where tobacco can be smoked. Specific preventive actions include smoking cessation, smoking prevention, restriction of advertising, increased taxation on tobacco, and adoption of stringent nonsmoking policies in the workplace, schools, and public places.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Health hazards of passive smoking. 328 40

Migraine is a common disease which expresses itself by paroxysmal headache, commonly accompanied by transient neurological symptoms. There are at the moment two important theories concerning the cerebral mechanisms of migraine: The vascular theory which attributes migraine to spasm of a cerebral artery causing local hypoxia and transient focal symptoms followed by neurogenically mediated extra- and/or intracranial vasodilation causing headache, i.e. migraine is understood in terms of a primary perturbation of blood vessel function. Another, but neglected viewpoint relates migraine to a paroxysmal, transient depolarization of primarily cortical neurones causing transient focal symptoms and headache, i.e. migraine is understood in terms of a primary perturbance of neuronal function. This review summarizes clinical and experimental studies concerning these two theories with special emphasis on classic migraine, i.e. paroxysmal headache accompanied by focal symptoms of short duration. At begin of the classic migraine attack regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) declines in the posterior part of the brain. Subsequently the hypoperfused region expands anteriorly, independent of the territories of supply of the large cerebral arteries. This observation speaks clearly against reduced perfusion as consequence of arterial spasm. The rate of spread of the reduced perfusion is about 2 mm/min and the changes of perfusion appear to follow the cortex corresponding to the convexities. Tests of regulation of rCBF show normal blood pressure autoregulation, but reduced responsiveness to change of arterial carbon dioxide tension and in response to mental activation. These observations are consistent with arteriolar vasoconstriction as cause of reduced perfusion. Vascular tone at the arteriolar level is, however, mainly determined by local factors, and change of local neuronal function could therefore be the basis of increased arteriolar tone and reduced rCBF. Analysis of the time course of perfusion reduction and symptoms reveals that perfusion frequently declines before the patient experiences any focal symptoms. The focal symptoms frequently start after spread of the hypoperfusion has begun, but usually ceases altogether within another 30 minutes, while the reduced perfusion persists for a couple of hours, when the patient suffers from headache. This temporal relationship between symptoms and rCBF changes precludes that the focal symptoms are secondary to reduced rCBF. Furthermore, migraine headache is not related to increased rCBF. On this background the acute migraine attack can hardly be explained by a primary arterial vasospasm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Cerebral blood flow in migraine and cortical spreading depression. 332 20

Headache and dizziness are early symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning, occurring at carboxyhemoglobin levels of greater than 10 percent. Previously, it was shown that among patients presenting to an emergency department during the winter with headache or dizziness, an algorithm for obtaining carboxyhemoglobin levels on patients who used gas stoves for heating purposes or who had similarly affected cohabitants correctly identified all patients with carboxyhemoglobin levels greater than 10 percent. To test the validity of this retrospectively derived rule, 65 patients were studied who were unaware of any carbon monoxide exposure and who presented during the winter of 1986-1987 with headache or dizziness. The algorithm correctly identified three of four patients with carboxyhemoglobin levels greater than 10 percent (sensitivity = 75 percent) and correctly excluded 45 of 61 patients with lower levels (specificity = 74 percent). The presence of symptomatic cohabitants alone was an equally sensitive (75 percent) but more specific (90 percent) marker for elevated carboxyhemoglobin levels. When data from the two cohorts were combined, stepwise multiple regression identified number of cigarettes smoked daily (F = 8.66) and concurrently symptomatic cohabitants (F = 34.71) as significant predictors of the carboxyhemoglobin level. It is concluded that a retrospectively derived rule correctly identified most cases of occult carbon monoxide poisoning when applied prospectively, and that the presence of similarly affected cohabitants was the most reliable marker for a carbon monoxide-mediated illness.
 ...
PMID:Occult carbon monoxide poisoning: validation of a prediction model. 340 53

Seventeen patients with low-grade cerebral gliomas, fourteen of them low-grade astrocytomas, were operated using CT/ultrasound-guided operative technique. The mean age of the patients was 34 years, and the mean follow-up time 13 months. The patients usually presented with symptoms of headache and/or epilepsy. Craniotomy was performed, and all lesions could be visualized as hyperechogenic masses using intraoperative ultrasound imaging. This paper describes the preliminary results of treatment with conventional resection methods, and discusses methods which could be readily adapted to the CT/ultrasound-based imaging system: CO2 and Nd-YAG laser, ultrasound aspirator, intense focused ultrasound lesioning and immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies. Finally the evaluation of treatment results with quality of life studies is suggested, especially for longitudinal follow-up of patients treated with alternative therapeutic methods. The role of quality of life studies is particularly important in assuring the longest and most useful survival of patients with small low-grade cerebral tumors.
 ...
PMID:Treatment of low-grade cerebral astrocytoma: new methods and evaluation of results. 354 36

Almitrine bismesylate is a pharmacologically unique respiratory stimulant. It enhances respiration after both acute and chronic administration by acting as an agonist of peripheral chemoreceptors located on the carotid bodies. In comparison with traditional central-acting respiratory stimulants, almitrine has advantages of oral activity, prolonged duration of effect, and an improved adverse effect profile. Almitrine is generally well tolerated, with headache and minor gastrointestinal disturbances being the most frequently observed side effects. This investigational agent has been shown to increase arterial oxygen tension while decreasing arterial carbon dioxide tension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease both at rest and during exercise through increased ventilation and improved ventilation/perfusion matching. It may also prove useful in the treatment of nocturnal oxygen desaturation because of its ability to reduce the frequency and severity of nocturnal hypoxemia without impairing the quality of sleep. Additional research is needed to further define the role of almitrine in the relief of hypoxemia.
 ...
PMID:Almitrine bismesylate. 355 28

Headache is an early symptom of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, occurring at carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels of greater than 10%. We investigated 37 patients presenting to an emergency department during the winter-heating season with a complaint of headache for evidence of CO exposure. Seven of the 37 patients (18.9%) had COHb levels in excess of 10%, with a mean of 14.0%. Three of these seven patients (42.9%) used gas space heaters or kitchen stoves to heat their homes, and three (42.9%) had cohabitants at home with headache. Of the 30 patients with COHb levels of less than 10% (mean level, 3.2%), only four (13.3%) used gas space heaters and kitchen stoves for heat (P = NS), and none (0%) had cohabitants with headache (P = .0045). In six of the seven patients with elevated COHb levels (85.7%), gas company investigation or historical information obtained retrospectively revealed a definite or probably toxic CO exposure. In none of these patients had the diagnosis of CO poisoning been suspected by the emergency department physician or the patient prior to obtaining the result of the COHb level. Occult CO poisoning may be an important cause of winter headache.
 ...
PMID:Occult carbon monoxide poisoning: a cause of winter headache. 358 51

Subacute carbon monoxide poisoning is commonly misdiagnosed as an influenza-like viral illness. All patients presenting to the triage nurse at University Hospital with flu-like symptoms during February 1985 were asked to give blood samples for carboxyhemoglobin determination. Fifty-five patients (10% of those eligible) with headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, general malaise, or shortness of breath were enrolled in the study. Carboxyhemoglobin levels ranged from 0 to 21%. Thirteen patients (23.6%) of this self-selected subgroup had carboxyhemoglobin levels greater than or equal to 10%. There was no statistically significant difference in carboxyhemoglobin levels between smokers and nonsmokers. More patients using wood heat had elevated carboxyhemoglobin levels than patients using any other form of heating (P less than .05). No patient with a carboxyhemoglobin level greater than or equal to 10% was diagnosed as having subacute CO poisoning by emergency physicians. Physicians must seek out the possibility of CO toxicity in patients with flu-like illness, particularly in inner-city populations during the heating months. Fundoscopy and COHb levels may be useful in selected cases to correctly diagnose patients and avoid a return to a hazardous environment with potentially fatal consequences.
 ...
PMID:Carboxyhemoglobin levels in patients with flu-like symptoms. 359 33

Headache and dizziness occur at carboxyhemoglobin levels of greater than 10%. We studied 89 patients with headache or dizziness for evidence of carbon monoxide exposure. The mean carboxyhemoglobin level was 2.87%. Number of cigarettes smoked per day (r = 0.471; p less than 0.00002), use of gas kitchen stoves for heating purposes (r = 0.252, p less than 0.02), problems with the home heating system (r = 0.278, p less than 0.01), and cohabitants with concurrent headache or dizziness (r = 0.427, p less than 0.01) correlated with carboxyhemoglobin levels. Multiple regression analysis identified number of cigarettes smoked daily, use of stoves for heat, and concurrently symptomatic cohabitants as significant predictors of carboxyhemoglobin level (F = 13.939 [3, 85]; p less than 0.01). Obtaining carboxyhemoglobin levels from patients who used stoves for heat or had similarly affected cohabitants identified 4 of 4 patients with levels greater than 10% (sensitivity, 100%) and excluded 47 of 85 patients with lower levels (specificity, 55.3%). The 4 patients with carboxyhemoglobin levels in excess of 10% may represent occult carbon monoxide poisoning in this population.
 ...
PMID:Predictors of occult carbon monoxide poisoning in patients with headache and dizziness. 360 95

A total of 65 students and one female teacher were afflicted with an unusual illness following alleged inhalation of a 'gas' in the school. The main symptoms were dizziness, chills, nausea, headache, difficulty in breathing and faintness. Initial investigations revealed elevated carboxyhaemoglobin levels (greater than 5%) of 16 hospitalized students. However, no sources of carbon monoxide emission could be detected despite extensive environmental investigations. The outbreak was characterized by the following features: most victims were adolescent girls; there was a high proportion of recurrences; the illness was self-limiting with inconsistent clinical and epidemiological findings; its mode of transmission was associated with antecedent visual observation or verbal information, and it died down immediately after confidence had been restored. A diagnosis of mass psychogenic illness was made. The high-risk students were Malay girls who were from the normal class (for slow learners), engaged in part-time employment and easily influenced by what they had heard or seen.
 ...
PMID:Epidemiological enquiries into a school outbreak of an unusual illness. 361 Apr 54


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>