Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 64-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with leukopenia. On admission, leukocyte count in the peripheral blood was 1,600/microliters, containing 24.5% blasts of lymphoid appearance, which were negative for myeloperoxidase. A bone marrow aspiration showed hypoplasia with increased blasts (31.6%). The blasts were ultrastructurally positive for platelet peroxidase (PPO) and positive for platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex. A diagnosis of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia was made. Chemotherapy with behenoyl-ara C (BH-AC) (150 mg/day) was transiently effective. However, after three months, numerous nodules without itching appeared over the entire body, particularly on the anterior chest. A biopsy of the skin lesion revealed a diffuse fibrosis with infiltrations of the blasts. Bone marrow aspirations were dry tap, and a bone marrow biopsy showed marked myelofibrosis. Then, severe headache, vomiting, and loss of consciousness developed, and a lumbar puncture revealed infiltrations of blasts. Although methotrexate was intrathecally injected, he died due to the respiratory failure. As far as we know, a case of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia with leukemia cutis and meningeal leukemia is quite rare. In addition, it is interesting that megakaryoblastic leukemia was accompanied with both the fibrosis of skin and the myelofibrosis.
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PMID:[Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia with leukemia cutis, meningeal leukemia, and myelofibrosis]. 175 56

A 44-year-old male was admitted for diplopia, headache and gait disturbance. Neurological examination revealed the meningeal irritation sign, the Vth, VII, VIth, IXth and the Xth nerve palsies and cerebellar ataxia of all four limbs. Laboratory studies carried out on the day of admission demonstrated the elevation of serum levels of both tumor markers, carbohydrate 19-9 (CA19-9) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The estimated serum concentrations of CA19-9 and CEA were 39.4 U/ml and 81.1 ng/ml, respectively. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contained 9 cells/mm3 which consisted of the mixture of malignant cells with appearance strongly suggestive of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and of hemosiderinphagocytizing macrophages. Detection of both CA19-9 and CEA in the tumor cells in the CSF was undertaken by the avidin biotinylated peroxidase complex method by use of monoclonal antibodies against each marker. As the results the following findings were obtained. Namely, although all the tumor cells isolated from the CSF were found to contain both tumor markers, CA19-9 and CEA, there was found a difference in the concentration ratio in CSF vs serum between the markers. The estimated concentration of CA19-9 (61.4 U/ml) in CSF was approximately 1.6 times higher than that in serum. On the other hand, the CSF concentration of CEA remained constantly very low (1.1 ng/ml) as compared with that in the serum throughout the whole course of the disease. In response to intrathecal administration of cytarabine and brain irradiation, the CSF cytological findings became normal and concomitant decrease in the concentration of CA19-9 was demonstrated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis: demonstration of CA19-9 and CEA positive malignant cells in the CSF and particular elevation of CA19-9 level in the CSF]. 206 Feb 42

The origin, density, and distribution of sympathetic nerve fibers in the supratentorial dura mater of the rat were examined in detail in the current study by using wheat germ agglutinin horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) retrograde tracing procedures, glyoxylic acid-induced fluorescence, and dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) immunocytochemical staining of dural whole mount preparations. Application of WGA-HRP to the superior sagittal sinus and adjacent areas of the supratentorial dura mater labeled numerous neurons in each of the left and right superior cervical ganglia. Glyoxylic acid and DBH immunocytochemical staining of fixed dural whole mount preparations revealed prominent plexuses of sympathetic nerves about the middle meningeal artery and its branches, about the superior sagittal and transverse sinuses, and "free" within the dura mater, i.e., apparently unassociated with any vasculature. Significantly, in all of these areas, the density of sympathetic innervation revealed in this study was considerably greater than that previously demonstrated by other workers. An impressive population of mast cells also was observed within the dura mater of the glyoxylic acid-treated preparations. The majority of these cells were perivascular; however, a significant number were also present within the dura unrelated to the vasculature, and occasional cells were seen in close apposition to fluorescent sympathetic nerve fibers. Taken together, the identification of a robust sympathetic plexus and prominent mast cell population associated with a dura mater that also receives significant sensory projections from the trigeminal system raises interest regarding the functional interactions of these elements. These observations warrant further consideration regarding their role in the pathogenesis of vascular headache and head pain.
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PMID:Sympathetic innervation of the supratentorial dura mater of the rat. 248 Mar 72

A 6-year-old girl had a 7-month history of headaches and painful torticollis. A CT scan of the mastoids showed extensive bone destruction of the base of the skull and C-1. Biopsies of the retropharyngeal area and of the anterior aspect of C-1 were performed: histopathologic findings were suggestive of mycotic infection and cultures were positive for Candida albicans. The child was treated successfully with amphotericin B. The immunologic evaluation demonstrated the absence of myeloperoxidase in the neutrophils.
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PMID:Myeloperoxidase deficiency with extensive candidal osteomyelitis of the base of the skull. 282 9

The central course of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) fibers from C1, C2 and C3, and particularly, their brainstem terminations were studied in rats using anterograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP). WGA-HRP was injected into the exposed DRG, and after 3 days the animals were sacrificed and sections of spinal cord and brainstem were processed with tetramethylbenzidine and examined for anterograde transport. Labeled fiber terminals were identified in the dorsal horn and the central cervical nucleus in the spinal cord, and in the intermediate nucleus, cuneate nucleus, external cuneate nucleus and the caudal portion of the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) in the brainstem. The projection of primary sensory fibers to the visceral NTS is suggestive of a functional relationship between upper cervical and vagal nerve afferents. The potential association of these nerves with clinical problems of headache and other cephalgias is of interest.
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PMID:Projections of cervical nerves to the rat medulla. 377 18

This study was designed to identify the location of neurons giving rise to fibers innervating the posterior fossa dura in the cat using horseradish peroxidase (HRP, Sigma, Type VI). Investigations since the 19th century have implicated innervation by cranial nerves V, VII, IX, X and XII and the upper cervical nerves, C1-3. The meninges of the posterior fossa of 14 cats was exposed using one of three surgical approaches: (1) a suboccipital craniectomy and C1 laminectomy, (2) a parieto-occipital craniectomy with removal of the occipital lobe and bony tentorium exposing the meninges over the cerebellum, or (3) an anterior approach through the upper neck, exposing the dura of the ventral surface of the caudal brainstem. A unilateral, curvilinear incision was made in the dura and HRP was applied to the exposed dural edges. Following 48 hours the animals were sacrificed and fixed by perfusion. Cranial nerve ganglia of V, VII, IX, X, dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of C1-3, and superior cervical ganglia (SCG) were removed bilaterally, sectioned and processed with tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). HRP labeled cells were located bilaterally, always more ipsilaterally, in DRG of C1, C2, C3, and SCG with application of HRP to all three regions of the dura. Labeled cells were also located in trigeminal ganglia and superior ganglia of CN X, occasionally bilaterally, depending on the site of application. No HRP was ever identified in neurons of the geniculate ganglion, inferior ganglion of CN X or superior or inferior ganglia of CN IX. This information is valuable to an understanding of the innervation of intracranial structures and the problems of head pain.
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PMID:Innervation of the posterior fossa dura of the cat. 387 2

Peroxidase-containing cell bodies were found in the ipsilateral trigeminal ganglia after horseradish peroxidase was applied to the proximal segment of the middle cerebral artery in seven cats. Cell bodies containing the enzyme marker were located among clusters of cells that project via the first division. The existence of sensory pathways surrounding large cerebral arteries provides an important neuroanatomical explanation for the hemicranial distribution of headaches associated with certain strokes and migraine.
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PMID:Perivascular meningeal projections from cat trigeminal ganglia: possible pathway for vascular headaches in man. 616 46

Single unit recording studies in anesthetized cats have identified a population of neurons in the brainstem trigeminal complex that can be activated by stimulation of major dural blood vessels. Such dura-responsive neurons exhibit response properties that are appropriate for a role in the mediation of vascular head pain in that they typically exhibit nociceptive facial receptive fields whose periorbital distribution is similar to the region of referred pain evoked by dural stimulation in humans. In the present study, intracellular labelling with horseradish peroxidase was used to examine the anatomical characteristics of brainstem trigeminal neurons that respond to dural stimulation. A total of 17 neurons was labelled that responded to electrical stimulation of dural sites overlying the superior sagittal sinus or middle meningeal artery. Fourteen of these neurons also responded to electrical stimulation of the cornea. The neurons in this sample were located in the rostral two-thirds of the trigeminal nucleus caudalis and the caudalmost part of the nucleus interpolaris. Within caudalis, the neurons were located in the deeper part of the nucleus, primarily lamina V, and were concentrated ventrolaterally. The dendritic arborizations of the dura-responsive neurons typically exhibited a dorsolateral-to-ventromedial orientation and did not extend into the superficial laminae of caudalis. Dura-responsive neurons had axonal collaterals and boutons in the nucleus caudalis, nucleus interpolaris, the infratrigeminal region ventral to nucleus interpolaris, the nucleus of the solitary tract, and the medullary reticular formation. The axonal boutons within the trigeminal complex exhibited a ventrolateral distribution which largely overlapped the distribution of the somata. The results are consistent with previous evidence that dura-responsive brainstem trigeminal neurons may have a role in the mediation of dural vascular head pain and also indicate that such neurons may contribute to nociceptive processing within the dorsal horn.
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PMID:Anatomical properties of brainstem trigeminal neurons that respond to electrical stimulation of dural blood vessels. 799 55

We present a 15-year-old woman with acute myelomonocytic leukemia without marrow eosinophilia, M4 in the FAB classification. She was admitted to our hospital with nausea and headaches. Upon admission, the leukocyte count was 284,000/microliters with 95% leukemic cells. The bone marrow aspirate was hypercellular with 74.8% blasts and 0.2% eosinophils. Leukemic cells were positive for myeloperoxidase and esterase staining. Initially, the karyotype of the bone marrow cells on admission was considered to be normal. However, the PEBP2 beta/MYH11 fusion transcript was detected in the bone marrow mononuclear cells by using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Reevaluation of karyotypes showed a t(16;16) (p13;q22) in the bone marrow cells. After achieving complete remission, she was treated with low-dose etoposide. Chromosome analysis showed a normal karyotype and no amplified chimeric transcripts were observed. This case indicates that the molecular analysis of PEBP2 beta and MYH11 genes is a useful tool to detect inv (16) and t(16;16) which were often difficult to find, and that leukemic cells from some cases of M4 without marrow eosinophilia have these chromosome abnormalities.
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PMID:[Detection of PEBP2 beta/MYH11 fusion mRNA in acute myelomonocytic leukemia without marrow eosinophilia]. 877 82

A case of central nervous system (CNS) leukemia with normal bone marrow, associated with a novel chromosomal abnormality, is described. A 58 year-old woman complained of hearing disturbance, severe headache and vomiting, and showed signs of meningeal irritation, as well as papilledema and bilateral dysacusis. Immature atypical cells were found in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with elevated pressure, pleocytosis, increased protein and decreased glucose levels. She was diagnosed as having neoplastic meningitis. In spite of intensive investigations, including bone marrow puncture, malignancies were not found in organs other than intra-cranial site. The symptoms and CSF findings were temporarily improved with chemotherapy and irradiation, but she relapsed into neoplastic meningitis. The anaplastic cells in CSF were positive with CD45 by immunocytochemistry, and were positive by peroxidase staining. Thus, the anaplastic cells were considered to be myelocytic leukemic cells. Chromosomal analysis showed that these leukemic cells had a novel chromosomal abnormality: 46XX, 4q+, 10q-, 16q-. There has been no report of leukemic meningitis without bone marrow abnormalities. It is possible that this peculiar abnormal chromosome is related to the primary infiltration of the central nervous system. With this novel chromosomal abnormality, this case is important for considering the mechanism of primary leukemic meningitis.
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PMID:Primary central nervous system leukemia with a novel chromosomal translocation. 933 20


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