Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Griseofulvin is a metabolic product of Penicillium spp. It was the first available oral agent for the treatment of dermatophytoses and has now been used for more than forty years. Griseofulvin is fongistatic, the exact mechanism in witch it inhibits the growth of dermatophytes is doubtful. Several ways are invoked: inhibition of fungal cell mitosis and nuclear acid synthesis, probable interference with the function of microtubules. Griseofulvin is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Absorption is enhanced by administration with fatty meal. Peak plasma occurs four hours after oral administration. Griseofulvin is detected in the outer layer of the stratum corneum soon after it is ingested, it is diffused from the extracellular fluid and sweat. There is no information regarding the mechanism by witch the drug is delivered to nails and hair. Deposition in the newly formed cells could be the major factor. Griseofulvin has also anti-inflammatory properties and some direct vasodilatory effects when it is used in high doses. It is metabolised by the liver microsomial enzyme system and excreted in the urine. The half-life is 9 to 21 hours. Griseofulvine has been used in the therapy of dermatophyte onychomycosis, treatment periods from 6 to 18 months were necessary with disappointing results and numerous relapses. Newer oral antifungal agents are now preferred especially in toenail infections. For many authors griseofulvin is still the treatment of choice of tinea capitis. Doses are 15-20 mg/kg/d for 6 to 8 weeks in children with the microsized form. Clinical response rates have been reported between 80 and 90 p. 100 in controlled studies. Griseofulvin is well-tolerated particulary in children. More frequent side effects are minor: headaches, gastrointestinal reactions and cutaneous eruptions. The major drug interactions has been noted with phenobarbital, anticoagulants and oral contraceptives.
Ann Dermatol Venereol 2001 Dec
PMID:[Griseofulvin]. 1190 34

A 61-year-old male presented with a 6-month history of a subcutaneous nodule on the left forehead, which had gradually enlarged. He had suffered from headaches from 20 days before the first visit. His medical history included hepatitis C virus infection. He had had no history of trauma in this area. Clinical examination showed a subcutaneous soft nodule, 15 x 15 mm in size, which was adjacent to the left superficial temporal artery (Fig. 1). Though this artery revealed strong pulsation, the nodule had neither pulsation nor tenderness. His headache was localized in the left temporal area. He had no complaints of fever or weakness. Clinically, these features suggested a pseudoaneurysm of the superficial temporal artery. We operated on him under local anesthesia. An incision through the skin and subcutaneous fat exposed a nodule located within the temporal muscle. The fine branches of the superficial temporal artery reached out to the nodule through the muscle. After ligation of the branches, we resected the nodule surrounded by muscular tissue. Histopathology showed the proliferation of mature adipose cells embedded in muscular fibers. These cells had no nuclear pleomorphism or mitoses (Fig. 2). The tumor tissue contained partial fibrosis and some muscular fiber bundles scattered between the adipose cells (Fig. 3). Intramuscular lipoma within the temporal muscle was diagnosed. His headache was reduced after the operation, and he has had no recurrence of the tumor for 16 months. The relationship between the tumor and his headache was unknown.
Int J Dermatol 2002 Oct
PMID:Intramuscular lipoma within the temporal muscle. 1239 Jan 94

Pathologic T-cell activation is implicated in psoriasis progression. CD80, a costimulatory molecule involved in T-cell activation, likely plays a key role. IDEC-114, an IgG(1) anti-CD80 antibody, was evaluated for safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary clinical activity in this open-label, single-dose, dose-escalating study in patients with moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis. Twenty-four patients received IDEC-114 (0.05 mg/kg, 0.25 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, or 15 mg/kg). Psoriasis Area and Severity Index, Physician's Global Psoriasis Assessment, and Psoriasis Severity Scale scores improved in the highest-dose groups. Average plaque thickness and plaque CD3+ and CD8+ T-cell counts decreased in the 10 mg/kg dose group. Adverse events were primarily mild, transient, constitutional symptoms; the most common related events were mild asthenia (29% of patients), chills (25%), and headache (21%). The serum half-life of IDEC-114 was approximately 13 days. A single dose of IDEC-114 appears to be safe and well tolerated and has promising clinical activity in psoriasis.
J Am Acad Dermatol 2002 Nov
PMID:Clinical and histologic response to single-dose treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis with an anti-CD80 monoclonal antibody. 1239 60

In the past 20 years, more than 20 cases of a type of granulomatous disease have been noticed by dermatologists in different areas of China. The patients had these features in common: (i) the lesions followed a slight trauma to the face; (ii) they were spreading dark-red plaques without pus or ulceration; (iii) new lesions appeared near to or far from the original lesion; (iv) histopathology showed histiocytic granuloma; (v) the patients had severe headache and clouding of consciousness during the later stages of the disease; (vi) all patients died within 1.5-4 years; (vii) treatment with prednisone led to some healing of the lesions but accelerated death; and (viii) all patients were from rural areas. We examined the tissues from two similar patients by electron microscopy and identified two kinds of bacteria as a possible cause of the disease. One was an anaerobic actinomycete, the other was Staphylococcus capitis. The anaerobic actinomycete was sensitive to lincomycin (a forerunner of clindamycin). After a 5-month therapy with lincomycin, one patient survived. We infer that the cause of death is the unknown anaerobic actinomycete. Because the disease is very severe, we suggest the name 'fatal bacteria granuloma after trauma' to draw attention.
Br J Dermatol 2002 Nov
PMID:Fatal bacteria granuloma after trauma: a new entity. 1241 Jul 12

A 48-year-old man with a history of sarcoidosis was transferred to the Mayo Clinic for evaluation and management of progressive neurologic decline. Two years before admission, he was admitted to a local hospital with mental status changes accompanied by ataxia and severe headache. A diagnosis of pulmonary and central nervous system sarcoidosis was made based on computed tomography of the head, lumbar puncture, and chest radiography. A mediastinoscopy with lymph node biopsy exhibited noncaseating granulomas and negative stains for microorganisms. Prednisone therapy was initiated at 80 mg/day. Clinical improvement was apparent for 13 months during steroid therapy until the slow taper reached a dosage of 20 mg/day. At that time, the patient was readmitted to the local hospital with severe confusion and skin lesions. When intravenous methylprednisolone therapy for presumed central nervous system sarcoidosis did not improve the patient's mental status, he was transferred to the Mayo Clinic. Physical examination of the thighs revealed large, well-marginated, indurated, irregularly bordered, violaceous plaques and rare, umbilicated, satellite papules with central hemorrhagic crusts (Fig. 1A). Superficially ulcerated plaques with a similar appearance to the thigh lesions were coalescing around the lower legs (Fig. 1B). A skin biopsy specimen of the thigh demonstrated abundant numbers of encapsulated organisms and minimal inflammatory response (Fig. 2). Skin, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid cultures confirmed the presence of Cryptococcus neoformans. Amphotericin and flucytosine combination therapy was initiated, and steroid dosages were gradually tapered. A test for human immunodeficiency virus was negative. The patient was dismissed from hospital after a complicated 2-month course resulting in improved mental status but progression of the lower extremity ulcerations as a result of polymicrobial infection.
Int J Dermatol 2002 Nov
PMID:Cryptococcal infection in sarcoidosis. 1245 1

We report the case of a 75-year-old-woman who presented with bilateral scalp ulcerations and blindness, accompanied by severe headache and scalp tenderness, due to bilateral temporal arteritis without systemic involvement. A biopsy taken from the border of an ulceration showed evidence of giant cell arteritis. She was treated with oral prednisone, 60 mg per day. The ulcerations healed in a few weeks but the vision loss was irreversible. This case highlights for temporal arteritis the importance of accurate and timely diagnosis as well as the need for prompt therapy with systemic steroids in order to avoid major complications, namely loss of vision. It also demonstrates that scalp necrosis and ulcerations are skin signs associated with a poor prognosis.
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2002 Nov
PMID:Temporal arteritis presenting with scalp ulceration. 1248 47

Mild to moderate psoriasis is a disease that can often be treated with topical medications. The diversity of topical therapies and their disparate side effects complicates treatment planning. Our purpose is to compare the rates of adverse events associated with different topical psoriasis treatments. A review of medical literature from 1996 to March, 2002 was conducted using guidelines set by QUORUM statement criteria. In monotherapy studies, corticosteriods caused fewer adverse reactions compared to vitamin D analogues and tazarotene. In combination studies adverse event rates were higher than in monotherapy studies, except for the combination of topical steroid and calcipotriene which decreased irritation. Irritant contact dermatitis was the main side effect with vitamin D analogues, tazarotene, dithranol or coal tar, while side effects of topical corticosteriods included headache, viral infection and skin atrophy. Topical agents for psoriasis are usually well-tolerated without severe side effects. Formulating a patient's medication regimen should take into account the needs for short-term management and long-term control of psoriasis. Since clearance is not a realistic expectation, reasonable goals should be set as excessive use of topical treatments may increase the risk of both cutaneous and systemic side effects.
Dermatol Online J 2003 Feb
PMID:A systematic review of adverse effects associated with topical treatments for psoriasis. 1263 60

The use of botulinum toxin A in cosmetic dermatology has increased in popularity due to the efficacy and relative safety of the treatment. Botulinum toxin A is one of eight exotoxins produced by Clostridium botulinum, a Gram-positive, spore-forming anaerobe. Flaccid paralysis results from the denervation of muscle fibers at the neuromuscular junction after botulinum toxin A administration. While treating blepharospasm, the Carruthers incidentally found that botulinum toxin A improved glabellar frown lines. Dynamic rhytides occur in areas of dynamic motion. These types of lines may be improved with botulinum toxin A. There are two types of botulinum toxin A commercially available (BOTOX and Dysport); only BOTOX is currently available in the US. The efficacy and tolerability of BOTOX was best demonstrated with a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of glabellar lines in 264 patients. There was a significantly greater reduction in glabellar line severity with BOTOX. The effect was maintained for the duration of the study (120 days). There was low occurrence (5.4%) of mostly mild blepharoptosis in the BOTOX group. In another prospective study, it was found that about 1% of BOTOX patients reported severe headache. Botulinum toxin A can provide an alternative treatment of palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis when options such as topical agents (aluminum chloride) and iontophoresis have failed.
Am J Clin Dermatol 2003
PMID:Botulinum toxin A: its expanding role in dermatology and esthetics. 1292 79

Dapsone (4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulphone) is used for a variety of dermatological conditions including immunobullous diseases and urticarial vasculitis. Side-effects are common and include lethargy, headaches, methaemoglobinaemia and haemolysis. Severe adverse effects are rare but the dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome is well recognized. Symptoms include fever, haemolytic anaemia, lymphocytosis and hepatitis. We report a near fatal case of the dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome in a patient with urticarial vasculitis. This diagnosis should be remembered in any patient who becomes unwell whilst taking dapsone.
Clin Exp Dermatol 2003 Sep
PMID:A near fatal case of the dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome in a patient with urticarial vasculitis. 1295 Mar 36

Botox Cosmetic (Botox) is a formulation of the neuromuscular blocking agent botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A). When injected into hyperactive corrugator superciliaris and/or procerus muscles of the face that predominantly control frowning, Botox produces a transient (3- to 6-month), dose-dependent localized muscle weakness, resulting in a temporary improvement in glabellar frown lines ('brow furrows'). After a decade of successful 'off-label' use, the efficacy and tolerability of Botox (total dose 20 biological units) in the treatment of glabellar frown lines have been demonstrated in two identical, large, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pivotal trials in a total of 537 subjects, mostly women, with moderate or severe glabellar lines during facial animation. Based both on subjects' and physicians' assessments, the improvement in glabellar lines with Botox was superior to that with placebo at each visit during the 120-day post-injection follow-up period, beginning on day 7 post-injection. The peak effect was seen on day 30 post-injection when 80% of subjects in the two studies combined had the severity of their lines at maximum frown reduced to mild or none, as assessed by their physician, and 89% had at least a moderate (> or =50%) improvement in the appearance of their glabellar lines, as rated by themselves. In a noncomparative extension of these trials, there was a tendency for a higher proportion of subjects to respond to Botox injections after a second and third treatment session. Botox injections for glabellar lines are well tolerated. Headache, the most common adverse event, occurred with a similar frequency to placebo in the two pivotal studies (13% vs 18%). Temporary blepharoptosis occurred in 3.2% of Botox recipients; however, the incidence of this adverse event tended to decrease with repeated treatment sessions. In summary, Botox injections offer a convenient, effective, and well tolerated treatment for improving glabellar frown lines. Repeated injections are necessary to maintain a long-term effect; however, this technique clearly represents an attractive option for individuals who wish to avoid a more major procedure.
Am J Clin Dermatol 2003
PMID:Botulinum toxin A (Botox Cosmetic): a review of its use in the treatment of glabellar frown lines. 1450 32


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>