Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

(1) Febuxostat is a selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. Its use in the management of hyperuricemia and gout is being studied. (2) In a 52-week, phase III randomized clinical trial, febuxostat was superior to allopurinol for lowering uric acid levels. Its efficacy in preventing gout attacks was similar to that of allopurinol. Despite a similar rate of adverse effects, individuals on febuxostat were more likely to stop treatment than those on allopurinol. (3) The most commonly observed adverse effects with febuxostat include liver function test abnormalities, diarrhea, headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and dizziness. (4) Given that renal dysfunction is a risk factor for hyperuricemia and gout, the safety and efficacy of febuxostat in this population should be considered, but only limited data are available. (5) The diffusion of febuxostat may be limited by its price relative to that of allopurinol, regardless of whether febuxostat proves to have advantages in specific populations.
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PMID:Febuxostat for prevention of gout attacks. 1695 89

Febuxostat is a novel, potent, non-purine selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor, which in clinical trials demonstrated superior ability to lower and maintain serum urate levels below 6 mg/dL compared with conventionally used doses of allopurinol. Febuxostat was well tolerated in long term treatment in patients with hyperuricemia including those experiencing hypersensitity/intolerance to allopurinol. Dose adjustment appears unnecessary in patients with mild to moderate renal or liver insufficiency or advanced age. The most common adverse reactions reported were abnormal liver function tests, headache, and gastrointestinal symptoms, which were usually mild and transient. However, whether hepatotoxicity becomes a limitation in the use of febuxostat needs to be determined in further studies. An increased frequency of gout flares occurs for a prolonged period after treatment initiation, as with any aggressive lowering of serum urate, and prolonged prophylaxis with colchicine or NSAIDs is usually required. Febuxostat has been granted marketing authorization by the European Commission in early 2008 for the treatment of chronic hyperuricemia and gout. Febuxostat is the first major treatment alternative for gout in more than 40 years and is a promising alternative to allopurinol, although continued long-term surveillance on safety and efficacy is required.
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PMID:Febuxostat in the management of hyperuricemia and chronic gout: a review. 1933 28

Febuxostat is a new non-purine xanthine oxidase inhibitor that is more potent than allopurinol 300 mg daily. In two Phase III trials, significantly more febuxostat-treated gout patients met the primary endpoint [serum urate (sUA) <6 mg/dl (<360 mumol/l) at the last three visits] (48 and 53% with 80 mg; 65 and 62% with 120 mg), compared with those receiving allopurinol 300 mg (22 and 21%; P < 0.001 in both studies). Febuxostat was more effective than allopurinol in the subset with impaired renal function; no dose adjustment is required in mild-to-moderate renal impairment. Long-term extension studies confirmed the efficacy and tolerability of febuxostat. In patients who achieved the sUA target of 6 mg/dl (360 mumol/l), the incidence of gout flares fell steadily and tophi resolved in many patients. The incidence of adverse events such as dizziness, diarrhoea, headache and nausea with febuxostat was similar to allopurinol. The incidence of cardiovascular side-effects (Antiplatelet Trialists Collaboration events) was numerically higher with febuxostat than with allopurinol, but this was not statistically significant. Co-administration of febuxostat with AZA or 6-mercaptopurine is not recommended. Prophylaxis (colchicine and/or NSAIDs) against acute attacks should be used for at least the first 6 months, since early mobilization flares were observed in the clinical trials. In conclusion, febuxostat is more effective than allopurinol 300 mg daily in reducing sUA levels <6 mg/dl (360 mumol/l), the target recommended by EULAR, and offers a new option for the long-term treatment of gout.
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PMID:Febuxostat: a new treatment for hyperuricaemia in gout. 1944 78