Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Migraine is considered to be a primarily neurogenic disease. In this common headache syndrome beta-blockers are widely used as prophylactic drugs. In the meantime there is evidence for central beta-receptors. The effect of beta-blockers is considered to be based on a reduction of the increased sympathetic tonus and its influence on the intracerebral vessels. Beta-blockers--such as Atenolol, Metoprolol, Nadolol, Pindolol, Propranolol and Timolol which differ according to their intrinsic activity, their selectiv cardiac effects, their membran stabilizing ability, their hydro- or lipophily as well as according to their plasmaprotein binding capacity are used. Therefore, it is more likely that beta-blockers develop their effect through a stabilisation of the intrasynaptic serotonin-level in the serotonergic neurons of the brainstem.
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PMID:[Migraine and beta blocker. An overview]. 285 79

Introduction of L-timolol maleate into the clinics for glaucoma treatment has been a great success as it produces relatively few side effects, such as miosis, ciliary spasm and headache, which are associated with the use of pilocarpine. Recent reports indicated, however, that L-timolol produces asthmatic attacks, cardiovascular suppression and central depression. D-Timolol was found to be as effective as L-timolol in lowering the intraocular pressure and aqueous humor production. However it was much less potent than L-timolol in inhibiting cardiac contractility and heart rate stimulated by isoproterenol and was less active in blocking beta-adrenergic receptors in tracheal muscle. It is suggested that the D-isomer of timolol could be used to treat glaucoma instead of L-isomer without producing untoward side effects in cardiovascular and bronchial tissues.
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PMID:Effects of D-timolol on intraocular pressure, heart rate, cardiac contractility, and tracheal muscle function. 718 3

Timolol has become so populat with ophthalmologists that it is prescribed 44% of the time when an anti-glaucoma drop is needed. This popularity is due to its newness and the publicity it has received, its effectiveness in most types of glaucoma, and the apparent scarcity of side effects. This paper looks at the first 489 patients treated with timolol at Wills Eye Hospital and the side effects encountered. These include blurring of vision, burning and pain, bradycardia and heart failure, hallucinations, dilated pupils, headaches, dizziness, hypotony, allergy, asthma, impotence, drowsiness, anxiety, emotional lability, and nausea.
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PMID:The place of timolol in the practice of ophthalmology. 740 91