Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty-three patients with primary bladder cancer (nine stage T1 with multifocal tumors and 24 stage T2-4) were treated with intraarterial infusion chemotherapy including cisplatin, doxorubicin, and [Sar1,Ile8]Angiotensin II(AT II). Of the 32 evaluable patients, 12 had pathologically proven complete response (CR), 19 showed partial response (PR), and one showed no change (NC); the overall response rate (CR + PR) was 97%. The blood pressure increased in response to the administration of [Sar1,Ile8]AT II in all the patients; the mean increase in the systolic blood pressure was 36 mmHg. Most of the side effects were mild to moderate in severity, transient in nature, and included nausea/vomiting (100%), alopecia (84%), leukopenia (66%), headache (9%), nephrotoxicity (6%), diarrhea (3%), skin pigmentation (3%), and neurotoxicity (3%). One patient who dropped out of the study developed hemiplegia as a result of cerebral infarction. The findings indicate that it is necessary to exercise caution in selecting the patients to be subjected to this therapy. We conclude that intraarterial infusion chemotherapy combined with a vasoconstrictor has a significant effect not only against multifocal superficial bladder cancer but also against invasive bladder cancer.
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PMID:Intraarterial infusion chemotherapy with [Sar1,Ile8]angiotensin II for bladder cancer. 159 Feb 70

Angiotensin II (AT-II)-receptor antagonists are reviewed. Research focused on blocking the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) led to the discovery of angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, which are effective in the treatment of hypertension but are associated with a high frequency of cough and other adverse effects. AT-II-receptor antagonists were developed as agents that would more completely block the RAS and thus decrease the adverse effects seen with ACE inhibitors. AT-II-receptor antagonists include losartan, valsartan, irbesartan, candesartan, eprosartan, telmisartan, and tasosartan. Several clinical trials have demonstrated that AT-II-receptor antagonists are as effective as calcium-channel blockers, beta-blockers, and ACE inhibitors in the treatment of hypertension and induce fewer adverse effects. The adverse effects of AT-II-receptor antagonists--dizziness, headache, upper-respiratory-tract infection, cough, and gastrointestinal disturbances--occur at about the same rate as with placebo. [corrected]. All available AT-II-receptor antagonists seem to be equally effective in reducing both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and they are comparable in cost. Currently, AT-II-receptor antagonists are used either as monotherapy in patients who cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors or in combination with other antihypertensive agents. Angiotensin II-receptor antagonists are well tolerated and are as effective as ACE inhibitors in decreasing blood pressure.
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PMID:Angiotensin II-receptor antagonists: an overview. 1090 66

A placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel group study was performed with 58 patients to investigate effects of French maritime pine bark extract, Pycnogenol, on patients with hypertension. Supplementation of the patients with 100 mg Pycnogenol over a period of 12 weeks helped to reduce the dose of the calcium antagonist nifedipine in a statistically significant manner. The intake of Pycnogenol decreased endothelin-1 concentrations significantly compared to placebo while concentrations of 6-keto prostaglandin F1a in plasma were significantly higher compared to placebo. Values for nitric oxide (NO) in plasma increased in both groups, but the differences were not significant. Angiotensin II concentrations in plasma were lowered in the placebo group to a larger extent than in the Pycnogenol group. Heart rate, electrolytes and blood urea nitrogen were not changed during treatment in both groups of patients. Unwanted effects observed in both groups were of mild and transient nature, such as gastrointestinal problems, vertigo, headache and nausea. Differences in rate of side effects were not statistically significant between the two groups. Study results support a supplementation with Pycnogenol for mildly hypertensive patients.
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PMID:Pycnogenol, French maritime pine bark extract, improves endothelial function of hypertensive patients. 1465 74

Migraine is a chronic disease with episodic attacks, which, when frequent or severe, can be associated with poor quality of life, increased health resource utilization, lost productivity, and significant disability. Preventive therapy can therefore have a significant beneficial clinical and economic impact. However, many migraineurs are treated suboptimally. There is increasing evidence that activation and degranulation of meningeal mast cells result in meningeal irritation, vascular dilation, and stimulation of nearby nociceptive nerve endings of the trigeminal nerve, thus potentially contributing to the pathogenesis of migraine headache. The renin angiotensin system and its peptides are well represented in the mammalian central nervous system and can also promote neurogenic inflammation. Interestingly, mast cells are capable of releasing renin and increasing local production of Angiotensin II. We therefore hypothesize that mast cells contribute to migraine headache through activation of the renin angiotensin system. This hypothesis may help explain the association between migraine and cardiovascular disease as well as observations that medications that modulate the renin angiotensin system can reduce migraine-related morbidity in patients with frequently recurring migraine attacks.
Headache
PMID:Mast cells activate the renin angiotensin system and contribute to migraine: a hypothesis. 1907 48

Fargesin, a bioactive neolignan isolated from magnolia plants, is widely used in the treatment of managing rhinitis, inflammation, histamine, sinusitis, and headache. To provide more biological information about fargesin, we investigated the effects of fargesin on rat aortic rings and 2-kidney, 1-clip (2K1C) hypertensive rats. In vitro, fargesin caused concentration-dependent vasorelaxation in rat isolated aortic rings induced by KCl and norepinephrine. The effect was weakened by endothelium denudation and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis inhibition. In vivo, the evolution of systolic blood pressure (SBP) was followed by weekly measurements. Angiotensin II (Ang II) and endothelin (ET) levels, NO and nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and plasma and liver oxidative stress markers were determined at the end of the experimental period. After 5 weeks of fargesin treatment, we found that fargesin treatment reduced SBP, cardiac hypertrophy, and Ang II and ET levels of hypertensive rats. Increased NOS activity and NO level were observed in fargesin-treated rats. Normalisation of plasma MDA concentrations and improvement of the antioxidant defence system in plasma and liver accompanied the antihypertensive effect of fargesin. Taken together, these results provided substantial evidences that fargesin has antihypertensive effect in 2K1C hypertensive rats via inhibiting oxidative stress and promoting NO release.
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PMID:Antihypertensive effects of fargesin in vitro and in vivo via attenuating oxidative stress and promoting nitric oxide release. 2740 58

Migraine is a common neurologic condition marked by recurrent episodes of headache. Its pathophysiology is highly complex involving neuronal, inflammatory and vascular mechanisms. The Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) can modulate all these mechanism, being a potential pharmacological target for migraine treatment. We carried out a systematic review of the studies evaluating the involvement of RAS in patients with migraine. There is evidence from genetic studies exploring the relation between migraine and RAS-related genes and from clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of Angiotensin II Type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonists and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in migraine prophylaxis. RAS seems to play a role in the pathophysiology of migraine, but more direct evidence is still missing.
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PMID:Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System and Migraine: A Systematic Review of Human Studies. 3199