Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The author presents a review of the chemically heterogeneous group of calcium antagonists, focused on their pharmacodynamic properties. He includes in the older generation of calcium antagonists drugs like verapamil, dihydropyridines (nifedipine) and dilthiazem (Diacordin, Blocalcin). The newer generation of dihydropyridines comprises substances with a higher vascular selectivity at a concentration of lower order. The latter include felodipine (Plendil), isradipine (Lomir) and nitrendipine (Baypress). The third generation includes drugs like amlodipine (Norvasc) and lacidipine. The slow onset of action of amlodipine is associated with a decline of undesirable side effects, such as flush, tachycardia, headache, oedema of the ankles. An advantage is also the prolonged effect when a single dose per day is administered.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of calcium channel blockers]. 776 70

In 15 centres of the Czech Republic the antihypertensive effect of Amlodipine-Norvasc of Pfizer Co. was tested in 155 patients with mild or medium severe hypertension. The patients were treated by monotherapy, using doses of 5 mg (92%) and 10 mg (8%) per day. In all investigated hypertensive subjects a statistically significant decline of the systolic and diastolic blood pressure occurred in the course of the 12-week investigation (P smaller than 0.01) without affecting the heart rate. The rate of undesirable effects of treatment was very low: only three patients (1.9%) discontinued treatment on account of undesirable effects. The most frequent ones included perimalleolar oedema, the sensation of fullness, headache, cardiac palpitations, vertigo and insomnia. Evaluation of the antihypertensive effectiveness and tolerance of the preparation by the physician and patient is positive, and Amlodipine-Norvasc of Pfizer Co. holds therefore, because of its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, an important place among calcium channel inhibitors of the second generation.
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PMID:[Personal clinical experience in the treatment of arterial hypertension using amlodipine]. 868 1

Hypertension (HTN) is a significant problem in pediatric renal transplant (TP) recipients, predisposing the individuals to the development of cardiovascular disease and graft dysfunction. Calcium channel blockers (CCB) are considered excellent agents to treat post-TP HTN. We compared the efficacy and adverse effects of the two most commonly prescribed CCBs in our pediatric renal TP population: nifedipine (Procardia, or P) and amlodipine (Norvasc, or N). All patients (n = 24) had been started on a CCB for systolic (SBP) and/or diastolic BP (DBP) > 95%. There were no other changes in adjunctive antihypertensive medications or doses during the cross-over period. Post-TP, pretreatment (pretx) SBP was 137.6 +/- 10.9 mmHg. The post-treatment SBP were (in mmHg): 128.5 +/- 11.9 (all patients, n = 24) (p = 0.009 vs. pretx); 126.4 +/- 10.0 (P alone, n = 15) (p = 0.007 vs. pretx); 132.8 +/- 14.4 (P + other antihypertensive(s), n = 9) (p = 0.331, NS vs. pretx). The post-TP, pretreatment DBP was 88.2 +/- 11.1 mmHg. The post-treatment DBP were (in mmHg): 78.5 +/- 6.9 (all patients, n = 24) (p = 0.03 vs. pretx); 77.2 +/- 7.4 (P alone, n = 15) (p = 0.008 vs. pretx); 80.7 +/- 6.1 (P + other antihypertensive(s), n = 9) (p = 0.063, NS vs. pretx). P and N were equally effective in reducing SBP (p = 0.843, NS) and DBP (p = 0.612, NS). Cyclosporin A (CyA) dose (p = 0.81) and trough levels (p = 0.19) were similar in P- and N-treated patients. Calculated GFR was virtually identical in P- and N-treated patients (p = 0.89). Patients (or parents of) reported a higher incidence of various side-effects while receiving P, including headache, flushing, dizziness and leg cramps. Furthermore, 22/24 (91.7%) reported some degree of gingival hyperplasia during treatment with P, and all these patients reported a stabilization or reduction of hypertrophy after the switch from P to N. We conclude that CCBs (N) are efficacious drugs for the purpose of BP control and renal protection in pediatric renal TP recipients.
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PMID:Use of calcium-channel blockers in pediatric renal transplant recipients. 1056 73

Migraine is among the most common neurologic disorders encountered in clinical practice. In the general US population, the annual incidence has been calculated to be approximately 250 per 100,000 with a point prevalence of 10%. Females are affected more than males. A variety of prophylactic and abortive medications are being used for treatment and several are being studied in clinical trials. Calcium-channel blockers are frequently used prophylactic medications. We report two patients with migraine successfully treated with amlodipine (Norvasc, Pfizer, Inc), a slow calcium-channel blocker. To our knowledge, these are the first reported cases of amlodipine used in migraine prophylaxis.
Headache 1998 Sep
PMID:Amlodipine for migraine prophylaxis. 1856 50