Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A placebo-controlled, double-blind study of triphasic oral contraceptives for prospectively confirmed premenstrual syndrome (PMS) was conducted with 82 subjects, 59 of whom completed the study and who were later confirmed to have moderate to severe premenstrual symptoms. 212 subjects were recruited between April 1987 - June 1988, and completed a menstrual history form and a 95-item retrospective questionnaire on premenstrual symptoms. Subjects took Synphasic (Syntex, Mississauga, Canada) containing 35 mcg ethinyl estradiol and 0.5 mg, 1.0 mg, and 0.5 mg norethindrone. Subjects were monitored for 1 menstrual cycle for baseline, then took triphasic or placebo for 3 cycles. 23 oral contraceptive taking and 36 placebo subjects completed the trial: completers had higher status occupations and lower symptom severity scores than dropouts. Both pill and placebo groups showed significant clinical improvement on every symptom except headache. Symptom scores decreased significantly between baseline and 3rd treatment cycle, and between menstrual phase scores and the variables "mood swings," "more sleep," "unhappy," and "tense" in the 2nd treatment cycle compared with the 1st treatment cycle in both groups. In the pill group ratings of premenstrual breast pain were significantly lower in the 3rd treatment cycle compared with baseline (p0.05), and to the 1st treatment cycle (p0.01). No significant changes in breast pain were found in the placebo group. Some pill cycles showed significant reduction in edema. Those in the pill group who were initially rated as "depressed" showed greater improvement in work impairment, sleep requirements, and energy level premenstrually. The pill group, however, reported significantly lower sexual interest during treatment. This is the 1st reported double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospectively confirmed study of oral contraceptives for PMS.
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PMID:A prospective treatment study of premenstrual symptoms using a triphasic oral contraceptive. 156 78

The performance of a low-dose triphasic oral contraceptive (OC) in the first four cycles of use was evaluated by 1,326 primary-care physicians and specialists across Canada in a phase-IV postmarketing trial. Data were available from 5,460 women who completed 19,756 cycles of use with Synphasic. The incidence of intermenstrual bleeding characteristically decreased over the four cycles to 10% in women who were first-time users of OCs, to 14% in women who had previously used OCs but had discontinued use until this trial, and to 16% in women who had switched from another OC to Synphasic. The women reported a low incidence of headache, nausea, weight gain, breast complaints, and acne while receiving Synphasic. The results demonstrate good endometrial control with Synphasic and a high level of patient acceptance.
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PMID:Synphasic tablets in Canadian practice: a phase-IV multicenter study. 186 41

A comparative study of Norinyl 1/35 and Brevicon was conducted at the APLAFA clinic in Panama City, Panama. The study sought to evaluate the differences in continuation rates and the frequency of selected side effects which might contribute to method discontinuation. The 300 subjects were randomly allocated to one of the two oral contraceptives. Women in the Brevicon group reported significantly more (p less than 0.05) intermenstrual bleeding, nausea, headaches, dizziness and vaginal discharge than women in the Norinyl 1/35 group. The total discontinuation rate at 12 months was 28.0 for the Norinyl 1/35 group and 46.7 for the Brevicon group, and this difference was significant (p less than .01). Also, significantly more women (p less than .01) in the Brevicon group discontinued for menstrual problems than women in the Norinyl 1/35 group. No pregnancies were reported during this study. While both oral contraceptives appear safe and effective, Norinyl 1/35 was more acceptable to this group of Panamanian women.
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PMID:A comparative study of Norinyl 1/35 versus Brevicon in Panama City, Panama. 344 38

A study involving an injectable contraceptive regimen utilizing 2 commercially available hormonal preparations, medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera, The Upjohn Company) and estradiol-17 beta-cyclopentylpropionate (Depo-Estradiol Cypionate, The Upjohn Company), is described. 90 multigravidas received intramuscular injections of 50 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate and 10 mg of estradiol-17 beta-cyclopentylpropionate as a contraceptive every 5 weeks, for a total of 1155 periods. The injections were found to be safe and completely effective. In 15% of the therapeutic cycles, bleeding did not appear for a period of 30 or more days. In 14%, bleeding and/or spotting lasted for longer than 9 days during a 30 day period. The incidence of aminorrhea increased somewhat after the first 10 months of treatment. Endometrial biopsies showed a "suppressed" endometrium. Adrenal pituitary responsiveness to metyrapone was found to be normal in 17 of 21 patients tested. Although almost half of the patients presented some complaints during the study, these were mostly transient and minor in nature. Headache was the complaint most frequently observed (14%), but it was generally limited to 1 cycle. The monthly injectable contraceptive regimen may be useful in a particular population of patients who, for various reasons, cannot tolerate or cannot be relied upon to take oral contraceptives. The authors believe that because of the high incidence of alterations in the bleeding pattern while on the therapeutic regimen, as well as the frequent occurrence of aminorrhea following discontinuation of therapy, the use of such a contraceptive regimen in the general population might not be desirable.
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PMID:Evaluation of an injectable progestin-estrogen as a contraceptive. 491 52

Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories recently introduced Alesse, a 20 mcg monophasic oral contraceptive pill available in 21- and 28-day regimens. The pill is comprised of 20 mcg of ethinyl estradiol and 100 mcg of levonorgestrel. Alesse was recently cleared for release by the US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA). A multicenter clinical trial involving 1477 women aged 17-49 years found the pill to provide good cycle control. Headache was the most common side effect noted by women in the trial. The only other 20 mcg pill, Loestrin 1/20, manufactured by Parke-Davis, also uses ethinyl estradiol for its estrogen, but 1 mg of norethindrone acetate as its progestin. The availability of such low-dose pills is particularly important for women in their later contraceptive years. These women may need contraception as well as relief from perimenopausal symptoms. The USFDA also cleared Alesse for use as an emergency contraceptive pill, the seventh brand approved by the agency for such use.
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PMID:Wyeth-Ayerst introduces Alesse; OC expands range of low-dose pills. 1229 28

Another low-dose oral contraceptive (OC), Levlite, has received US Food and Drug Administration approval. Levlite, manufactured by Berlex Laboratories, contains 20 mcg ethinyl estradiol and 100 mcg levonorgestrel. Alesse, an OC manufactured by Wyeth-Ayerst, has the same components. Two other OCs--Loestrin and Mircette--contain 20 mcg ethinyl estradiol, but differ in their progestin component or dose. A pill containing 20 mcg ethinyl estradiol provides women with 33% less estrogen than a 30-mcg pill. Clinical trials involving 755 US women confirmed that Levlite provides high contraceptive efficacy with good cycle control. Headache, reported by 17.3% of study participants, was the most common side effect.
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PMID:Berlex introduces new 20 mcg birth control pill. 1229 11

Minocycline is a bacteriostatic, long-acting, lipid-soluble tetracycline that is generally well tolerated, but has been associated with polyarteritis nodosa (PAN). This is a case report of a 21-year-old woman presented to her primary care physician with several months of fatigue, mylagias, weight loss and intermittent severe bi-temporal headaches without changes in vision. Her medications included an Ortho-Tri-Cyclen Lo and Minocycline, which she started 2 years prior for acne. On presentation, she was tachycardic and severely hypertensive. Initial laboratory evaluation showed hyponatraemia and hypokalaemia as well as elevation of inflammatory markers. Autoimmune work-up was positive for perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. Renal arteriogram was characteristic of PAN and along with her other symptoms, she fulfilled the necessary criteria of American College of Rheumatology for diagnosis of PAN. Minocycline as a possible causative agent was discontinued since it was reported to cause cutaneous PAN in the literature. Cyclophosphamide and prednisone were initiated for treatment of her vasulculitis. Her symptoms and hypertension improved over the next several months. This is the first report of the minocycline-induced renal PAN.
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PMID:Minocycline-induced renal polyarteritis nodosa. 2289 Oct 25