Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Moxifloxacin (BAY 12-8039) is an investigational 8-methoxy-fluoroquinolone with broad-spectrum gram-positive and gram-negative activity. To determine the absolute bioavailability of moxifloxacin, this open-label, randomized, crossover study compared the pharmacokinetic characteristics of a single 100-mg dose administered either orally or intravenously as a 60-minute infusion in 10 healthy male volunteers (mean age [+/- SD], 29.3+/-7.1 years; mean weight [+/- SD], 77.7+/-8.7 kg). Geometric mean values for oral/IV moxifloxacin were as follows: peak serum concentration, 1.15/1.34 mg/L, and area under the concentration-time curve over 48 hours, 9.86/10.89 mg x h/L. The geometric mean absolute bioavailability of oral moxifloxacin was 91.8%. Mean renal clearance was approximately 2.3 L/h after administration of both the single oral and IV formulations, which suggests lack of active tubular secretion of moxifloxacin. Both the oral and IV formulations were well tolerated, with 5 reported possible or probable drug-related adverse events; they included headache, nausea, and localized urticaria. In summary, a single oral dose of moxifloxacin was extensively absorbed in healthy young men. Further studies are necessary in actual patients to confirm the viability of IV to oral conversion at the same dose of moxifloxacin.
 ...
PMID:Absolute bioavailability of moxifloxacin. 1032 20

The efficacy and safety of oral moxifloxacin (400 mg once daily, 7 days) versus cephalexin (500 mg three times daily, 7 days) were compared in a prospective, multicentre, randomised, double-blind trial in 401 adults with uncomplicated skin infections. Clinical outcome was evaluated in 351 patients. Moxifloxacin proved to be as effective as cephalexin both clinically (90% versus 91%, respectively) and bacteriologically in eradicating the most frequently isolated pathogen Staphylococcus aureus (92% and 93%, respectively). Moxifloxacin was more effective than cephalexin in eliminating Streptococcus spp. (90% and 82%, respectively). Drug-related adverse events were comparable in both treatment groups with the most frequently reported being nausea in the moxifloxacin-treated patients and headache in the cephalexin-treated patients. Medication was discontinued due to unwanted reactions in 3% of the moxifloxacin- and 4% of the cephalexin-treated patients. Moxifloxacin, 400 mg once daily for 7 days, is as safe and effective as cephalexin 500 mg three times daily for 7 days in the treatment of uncomplicated skin infections.
 ...
PMID:Moxifloxacin versus cephalexin in the treatment of uncomplicated skin infections. 1119 26

Background: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is an extremely devastating inflammation of the central nervous system; however, no available optimum treatment can effectively control the disease so far. Method: The medical records of TBM patients from May 2011 to August 2016 in West China hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into three groups based on their treatment regimens {Group1: 4 standard therapy; Group2: 3 standard drugs + Levofloxacin; Group3: 4 standard therapy + Levofloxacin (G3a)/ Moxifloxacin (G3b)}. Using the intention-to-treat analysis, eventually, the treatments' efficacy and safety were compared among all groups. Results: Two hundred two patients with TBM were enrolled and followed up for at least 2 years. Among them, 99 patients were in G1; 18 in G2; and 85 in G3 (Moxifloxacin=39/ Levofloxacin=49). One hundred fifteen (56.9%) patients were males, and the median age was 42 years. At admission, 74 patients (36.6%) were in stage I, 102 (50.5%) in stage II and 26 (12.9%) in stage III. The most common symptoms were headache in 194 (96.0%) patients, fever in 162 (80.2%), vomiting in 120 (59.7%), neck stiffness in 104 (51.5%), and malaise in 96 (47.5%). The overall outcome at 1 year showed that 47 patients (47.5%) in G1, 10 patients (55.6%) in G2 and 48 patients (56.5%) in G3 had good outcome; however, there was no significant difference among all groups (P = 0.397); at 2 years there was also no difference among treatment groups (P = 0.295). However, in Group3b 22 patients (56.4%) at 1-year and 26 (66.7%) at 2-year follow up had a full recovery, which is significantly superior to other treatment groups, the P value at 1 and 2 years was 0.002 and 0.027, respectively. Conclusion: The overall outcome in patients with TBM at 1 and 2 years follow up did not show any statistically significant difference between the standard chemotherapy and other intensified regimens. Furthermore, Hydrocephalus (OR = 3.461, 95% CI: 1.349-8.882, P = 0.010) was the only independent risk factor for a poor outcome.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of Standard and Intensified Regimens for HIV-Negative Adults With Tuberculous Meningitis in West China: A Retrospective Observational Study. 3126 50