Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Myocardon (1 tablet=0.5 mg Nitroglycerin, 100 mg Euphyllin, 29.7 mg Papaverin-hydrochlorid and 0.3 mg Atropinmethylnitrat, without phenobarbital) was given in a dosis of 3 and 6 tablets in patients with acute myocardial infarction. According to the initial value of left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP) the patients were divided into 2 groups: Group I with a LVFP below 20 mm Hg and group II with a LVFP above 20 mm Hg. In group II there was clinical evidence of left ventricular failure. In both groups a decrease in pulmonary artery pressure and especially in left ventricular filling pressure was observed (in group I from 13 +/- 4 to 8 +/- 3 mm Hg and in group II from 26 +/- 7 to 16 +/- 4 mm Hg). Heart rate and mean arterial pressure did not change. In group II cardiac output increased from 3.5 +/- 0.6 to 4.3 +/- 1.31/min, whereas in group I it decreased from 5.1 +/- 0.9 to 4.6 +/- 0.91/min. Like isosorbid dinitrate Myocardon is useful in the management of left ventricular failure in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Side effects were observed: in two patients vomiting and in one patient sickness. The main effect of Myocardon is probably due to nitroglycerin, which is part of the substance. In higher dosis Myocardon has to be given without phenobarbital. Myocardon is especially useful if in the case of headache after nitrates the drug has to be changed.
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PMID:[The effect of nitroglycerin in patients with acute myocardial infarction. IV. Myocardon in patients with and without left ventricular failure (author's transl)]. 81 16

In a study of 11 patients with typical headache following diagnostic lumbar puncture the effect of peroral treatment with theophylline (Euphyllin retard) was compared with that of placebo. When the headache was provoked by orthostatic strain, the six patients in the verum group showed significantly less pain (mean pain score: 16 +/- 3.91) than the five patients in the placebo group (mean pain score: 28 +/- 4.73). This beneficial effect of theophylline on post-puncture headache was subsequently confirmed by open observations of ten additional patients. In view of the small sample size our results should be considered preliminary. Nevertheless, they suggest that additional trials on the benefit of methylxanthines in the treatment of post-puncture headache are called for.
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PMID:Theophylline relieves headache following lumbar puncture. Placebo-controlled, double-blind pilot study. 351 73

Fifteen asthmatic outpatients were randomly treated during two periods of 14 days each with sustained-release preparations of either enprofylline (3-propyl-xanthine) or theophylline (Theo-Dur) in a double-blind crossover study. After 4 days of treatment the mean daily doses of enprofylline and theophylline, which were 14.1 and 16.2 mg/kg/day, produced mean plasma concentrations of 4.9 and 12.7 micrograms/ml, respectively. Taking into account all the parameters used to evaluate the antiasthmatic effects, the peak expiratory flow, the number of puffs used from a beta-agonist aerosol, the asthma symptom score and the patients' preferred period, enprofylline was found to be better than theophylline. Enprofylline produced more headaches during the 1st week than theophylline did. However, during the 2nd week the score for headaches decreased to the same level as in the theophylline treatment group. Thus, enprofylline and theophylline seem to have comparable bronchodilator properties and side-effects in the long-term treatment of asthma.
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PMID:Enprofylline and theophylline slow-eroding tablets in the treatment of asthma: a comparison. 352 64

In a co-operative study involving 10 centres, 95 asthmatic patients were treated with Armophylline, a new slow-release theophylline for a period of 1 to 3 months. Eighty per cent of the patients receiving the drug in doses of 11 to 15 mg/kg/day immediately had adequate blood theophylline levels (7-20 mcg/ml). There was a significant decrease in dyspnoea and number of asthmatic attacks and a significant increase in FEV1 and FEV1/VC ratio. The drug was usually well tolerated. Side-effects, such as insomnia, headache or digestive disorders were, as a rule, mild.
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PMID:[Multicenter study of a slow-release theophylline: armophylline]. 636 93

Twenty-five asthmatic outpatients were treated for 3 one-week periods with either enprofylline slowly eroding 300 mg tablets t.i.d., theophylline 300 mg tablets (Theo-Dur) t.i.d., or placebo in a double-blind, cross-over, randomized trial. Sixteen patients were able to complete 2 or 3 one-week periods. Evaluation of bronchodilating properties by home recordings of peak expiratory flow (PEF) and side effects suggested that enprofylline was an effective antiasthmatic xanthine derivative for continuous treatment, as it improved mean morning PEF significantly. Continuous treatment with the 2 xanthine derivatives resulted in mean steady state plasma levels within therapeutic range for theophylline, and 3-4 times lower mean plasma levels for enprofylline. Enprofylline induced headache in 13 of 16 patients, theophylline in 9 of 19 patients, and placebo in 2 of 18 patients. No serious side effects were seen.
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PMID:Continuous treatment of asthmatic patients with enprofylline and theophylline. 638 11

We evaluated an oral theophylline loading-dose procedure that was designed to rapidly achieve and sustain theophylline serum concentrations of approximately 10 to 12 micrograms/mL. Ten healthy adults were given an oral loading dose of approximately 6 mg/kg of aminophylline, (Aminophyllin) (ie, 4.8 mg/kg of theophylline). Two hours later, each subject was given approximately 6 mg/kg of a sustained-release theophylline tablet (Theo-Dur). Serum samples were collected at 1/2, 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12 hours, then assayed for theophylline concentration. The mean theophylline concentration (+/- SD) one hour after the initial loading dose was 10.5 +/- 2.3 micrograms/mL. Subsequent theophylline concentrations demonstrated minimal fluctuation, with means ranging from 10.7 +/- 1.6 to 13.6 +/- 2.8 micrograms/mL. Four of the subjects reported headache; none vomited or experienced severe nausea. We conclude that this method of oral theophylline loading can be effective in achieving prompt and sustained therapeutic theophylline levels without significant side effects and that this may provide a valuable therapeutic alternative in those asthmatic patients who do not clearly require intravenous aminophylline therapy.
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PMID:Rapid and sustained oral theophylline loading. An alternative to intravenous aminophylline therapy. 683 1

This multicenter, randomized, investigator-blinded, parallel group study compared the effects of converting patients from a q12h extended-release theophylline preparation (Theo-Dur) to a q24h extended-release product (Uni-Dur). Patients (n = 133) first received open-label Theo-Dur treatment with dosage titrated to achieve peak serum theophylline concentrations of 10-20 micrograms/ml. Patients then were randomized to continue Theo-Dur (n = 64) or to convert to Uni-Dur (n = 60) with peak serum theophylline concentrations maintained in the desired range. Pulmonary function tests were performed during the open-label and blinded periods; patients maintained diaries and performed peak flow measurements before each dose of study treatment. Adverse events were recorded throughout the study. Respiratory status during blinded treatment was rated as the same or improved compared with open-label treatment by > 87% of evaluable patients and physicians, regardless of treatment group. There were no significant differences in mean peak serum theophylline concentrations at baseline, at the final evaluation, or at any point during the study. Few dosage adjustments were necessary (5/52, Uni-Dur; 9/57, Theo-Dur). There were no significant changes in pulmonary function test results or patient diary entries between the open-label and blinded periods. Headache and nausea were the most commonly reported adverse events. In conclusion, converting patients from twice- to once-daily theophylline treatment resulted in no significant changes in any measures of pulmonary function, and there were no significant differences between the groups during the blinded treatment period.
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PMID:Conversion from twice- to once-daily extended-release theophylline treatment in patients with reversible airway obstruction. 762 3

This investigation was aimed at the determination of the absolute bioavailability of theophylline and quinine after single oral dose administration of Limptar tablets or Limptar N tablets with reference to intravenous administration of Euphyllin 0.48 short infusion and Chininum dihydrochloricum Buchler solution for injection. The study design was characterized as single dose, three-factorial, four-treatment, four-period Latin square design (factor A: period, factor B: treatment, factor C: sequence). The target parameters were AUCnorm, AUC0-infinity, ABA, and secondary parameters Cmax, tmax, t1/2 lambda z, MRT, HVD. The study was carried out on 12 healthy nonsmoking male volunteers between 24 and 42 years of age and confined to a ward for 4 study days (but not during the remaining days of washout phases which lasted 1 week). The treatments (not blinded) were as follows: b1, Chininum dihydrochloricum Buchler solution for injection, infusion of 163.3 mg quinine; b2, Euphyllin 0.48, short infusion of 168.6 mg theophylline; b3, Limptar tablets, 1 tablet containing 215.5 mg quinine and 167.2 mg theophylline; b4, Limptar N tablets, 1 tablet containing 165.75 mg quinine. A validated HPLC-UV method was used to determine plasma concentrations of drugs. The absolute bioavailability of theophylline and quinine from the two formulations Limptar and Limptar N was nearly complete (90% on the average). Administration of Limptar N tablets resulted in quinine concentrations which were higher and reached maximum faster as compared to administration of Limptar. Average quinine concentrations observed 8.0 h p.a. of Limptar exceeded those seen with Limptar N. Accordingly, this was as well reflected by a doubling of half duration time after Limptar compared to Limptar N. With respect to the safety parameters such as hemodynamics, ECG, hematology, clinical chemistry and urinalysis, there were no clinically relevant findings. All adverse events observed or reported during the study (mainly blurred vision and headache) were mildly pronounced, rated as possibly drug-related or unrelated to the study drugs, and disappeared spontaneously within the confinement period in the ward. In conclusion, the medications tested were well tolerated. No major differences in tolerability of quinine or theophylline given alone or in combination were observed. The difference in pharmacokinetic behavior of quinine in the two oral formulations may result from differences in pharmaceutical characteristics of the formulations.
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PMID:Study on the absolute bioavailability of quinine and theophylline from tablets after single dose oral administration as compared to intravenous infusion in healthy male non-smoking volunteers. 774 27

Fructus Xanthii (Cang-Er-Zi) is a traditional Chinese medicine that is used in curing nasal diseases and headache according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. For the effective quality control of its medicinal values, reflected by chemical variation patterns, in addition to the relationship with genetic diversity, analyses based on UV spectrophotometry, HPLC fingerprinting and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) molecular markers were carried out, involving 16 Xanthium populations from different locations in China. The HPLC data showed considerable variation of chemical constituents among the 16 Xanthium populations, and they were classified to three chemotypes by hierarchical clustering analysis. Abundant genetic diversity was detected among the Xanthium populations, which were also clustered into three groups based on their ISSR data and varied according to different species. Combining the genetic divergence and chemical differences showed an important result that, in the two chemotypes, the higher contents of total phenolic acids (TPA) in Fructus Xanthii showed greater genetic diversity (I). We suggest that genetic diversity affects the contents of TPA. Since variable phenolic acid contents may affect therapeutic efficacy, it is important to point out that combining the use of genetic base with chemotype will help control the favourable chemotypes and breed new cultivars with more desirable chemical constituents.
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PMID:Correlation between the genetic diversity and variation of total phenolic acids contents in Fructus Xanthii from different populations in China. 1820 44

The fruit of Xanthium strumarium L. (Cang-Er-Zi) is a traditional Chinese medicine that is used in curing nasal diseases and headache according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. However, clinical utilization of Xanthium strumarium is relatively limited because of its toxicity. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the toxic effects on acute liver injury in mice of the two kaurene glycosides (atractyloside and carbxyatractyloside), which are main toxic constituents isolated from Fructus Xanthii on acute liver injury in mice. Histopathological examinations revealed that there were not obviously visible injury in lungs, heart, spleen, and the central nervous system in the mice by intraperitoneal injection of atractyloside (ATR, at the doses 50,125 and 200 mg/kg) and carbxyatractyloside (CATR, at the doses 50,100 and 150 mg/kg) for 5 days. However, it revealed extensive liver injuries compared with the normal group. In the determination of enzyme levels in serum, intraperitoneal injection of ATR and CATR resulted in significantly elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), asparate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities compared to controls. In the hepatic oxidative stress level, antioxidant-related enzyme activity assays showed that ATR and CATR administration significantly increased hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, as well as decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities and glutathione (GSH) concentration, and this was in good agreement with the results of serum aminotransferase activity and histopathological examinations. Taken together, our results demonstrate that kaurene glycosides induce hepatotoxicity in mice by way of its induction of oxidative stress as lipid peroxidation in liver, which merited further studies. Therefore, these toxic constituents explain, at least in part, the hepatotoxicity of X. strumarium L. in traditional medicine.
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PMID:Hepatotoxicity of kaurene glycosides from Xanthium strumarium L. fruits in mice. 2169 85


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