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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The classes of antihistaminic agents, their pharmacology and therapeutic uses, adverse effects, drug interactions, toxic overdoses and abuse are reviewed. It is concluded that antihistamines are valuable drugs for treating a number of conditions and diseases (e.g. allergic rhinitis, motion sickness and parkinsonism), but proof of efficacy has not been established for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias, peptic ulcers, insomnia and headaches. Because responses to antihistamines may vary, titration of each patient's dose is recommended.
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PMID:Pharmacology and therapeutic use of antihistamines. 1 85

In this multi-clinic double-blind study, patients suffering from insomnia were treated with triazolam 0.5 mg (Halcion) or placebo for 14 days. Four investigators treated 239 patients, 122 on triazolam and 117 on placebo. Thirty-nine patients, 10 on triazolam and 29 on placebo, dropped out for ineffectiveness of the medication and 32 patients, 16 in each group, dropped out for side effects. Analysis of pooled efficacy data showed that triazolam was significantly better than placebo on all efficacy parameters measured, including how much the medication helped the patients sleep, onset of sleep, duration of sleep, duration compared to usual, number of nocturnal awakenings, and feeling of restfulness in the morning. Triazolam did not produce evidence of tolerance development after 2 weeks of treatment. The same variety of side effects occurred on each treatment and primarily included drowsiness, grogginess, headaches, impaired coordination nausea, and dizziness.
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PMID:Multi-clinic double-blind comparison of triazolam (Halcion) and placebo administered for 14 consecutive nights in outpatients with insomnia. 2 13

80 strictly selected patients with chronic renal insufficiency with plasma creatinine values of 1.4--14.5 mg% were examined according to a fixed scheme to determine the presence of symptoms and signs of renal encephalopathy. The general cerebral symptoms complained of were headache in 33.4% of the patient material, dizziness in 30.3%, easy fatigability in 62.5%, giddiness in 18.8% and insomnia in 37.5%. The most prominent neurological findings were hyperactive deep reflexes in 30% and action tremor in 23.8%. The symptoms of organic brain syndrome were impairment of memory in 32.5%, weakness of concentration in 28.8% and lability of affect in 63.7%. Diffuse EEG abnormalities were found in 26.2%. While the clinical neuropsychiatric symptoms did not show any statistically significant correlation with the various internal medical data, a trend was observed in the greater number of pathological EEGs with an increase in the impairment of renal function. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant correlation, (alpha less than or equal to0.015) between the occurrence of pathological EEGs and the plasma creatinine and BUN values. It is remarkable that the patients with abnormal EEGs had a relatively low mean creatinine level of 5.89 mg%. The strict dietetic management of the patients is regarded as one of the deciding factors for the relatively low frequency of neuropsychiatric symptoms in the material studied.
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PMID:Neuropsychiatric symptomatology with chronic renal insufficiency in the stage of compensated and decompensated retention. I. CNS disturbances. 5 91

Treatment was interrupted abruptly in 6 hypertensive patients receiving clonidine 0-45-5-4 mg daily. Blood-pressure rose to pretreatment levels within 24-48 h of withdrawal and was accompanied by insomnia, headache, flushing, sweating, and apprehension. These symptoms began 18-20 h after the last dose of clonidine. Plasma-noradrenaline levels and urinary catecholamine excretion increased 24-72 h after withdrawal of clonidine. The subjective symptoms were most prominent in patients on higher doses (greater than 1 mg/day) and in those who had previously been receiving treatment with other antihypertensive drugs. One patient on a very low daily dose (0-15 mg) of clonidine had no symptoms and no significant changes in blood-pressure or catecholamine production after drug withdrawal.
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PMID:Clonidine withdrawal in hypertension. Changes in blood-pressure and plasma and urinary noradrenaline. 6 74

Of 300 menopausal patients, 82 experienced climacteric symptoms, with vasomotor disturbances absent in 42 (Group 1) and present in 40(Group 2). Group 2 patients commonly complained of headaches, insomnia and dyspareunia, while Group 1 complained mostly of loss of libido and depression. Group 2 was managed rather successfully with treatment of conjugated equine estrogens (Premarin) daily for 3 weeks; Group 1 was given the same treatment but the response was disappointing. Women with vasomotor symptoms exhibited a lower, mean plasma estradiol concentration compared with that observed during days 1-10 of the menstrual cycle. Concenerations of FSH (Plasma follicle stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone) in women with vasomotor symptoms were similar to those of younger, regularly menstruating women. Group 2 patients treated for 6 months with estrogen had a 2.1 fold increase in mean plasma estradiol concentration and 39% and 66% reduction of pretreatment plasma FSH and LH concentrations, respectively; Group 1 did not exhibit such changes. Patients with estrogen-responsive symptoms exhibited high concentrations of FSH (15 U/1 was the diagnostic cut-off point). Effective patient selection for estrogen replacement therapy can be achieved by using this measurement in the presence of characteristic symptoms.
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PMID:Relation between plasma hormone profiles, symptoms, and response to oestrogen treatment in women approaching the menopause. 21 37

Increasing materialism in society is resulting in more wide spread nervous tension in all age groups. While some degree of nervous tension is necessary in everyday living, its adverse effects require that we must learn to bring it under control. Total tension is shown to have two components: a controllable element arising from factors in the environment and the inbuilt uncontrollable residue which is basic in the individual temperament. The effects of excessive or uncontrolled stress can be classified as 1) emotional reactions such as neurotic behaviour (anxiety hypochondria, hysteria, phobia, depression obsessions and compulsions) or psychotic behaviour and 2) psychosomatic reactions (nervous asthma, headache, insomnia, heart attack). Nervous energy can be wastefully expended by such factors as loss of temper, wrong attitudes to work, job frustration and marital strains. Relaxation is the only positive way to control undesirable nervous tension and its techniques require to be learned. A number of techniques (progressive relaxation, differential relaxation, hypnosis, the use of biofeedback, Yoga and Transcendental Meditation) are described and their application to dental practice is discussed.
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PMID:Tension and relaxation in the individual. 37 62

This study was an attempt to compare psychological and biological variables in 43 obese patients after intestinal bypass surgery. The difficulties in expressing the psychological variables quantitatively are discussed on the basis of the concept of transferability. By use of an expanded version of the Beck Depression Inventory and the Marke-Nyman Temperament Scale we could demonstrate that items concerning asthenia (self-dislike, irritability, work retardation, insomnia, fatigability, somatic preoccupation about aches and pains, loss of libido, headache, vertigo, palpitations, dryness of the mouth, thirst or increased liquid intake) had, when summed up, a score distribution indicating bimodality. The asthenic group of patients (n = 19) when compared with the non-asthenic patients (n = 24) showed metabolic deficiencies related to the vitamin D complex with no response to oral vitamin D3 administration measured by plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. The lack of response was associated with low calcium excretion in the urine, higher plasma alkaline phosphatase, and a tendency to higher blood levels of parathyroid hormone.
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PMID:Depression or asthenia related to metabolic disturbances in obese patients after intestinal bypass surgery. 46 85

Healthy adult subjects were given oral sustained-release (SR) aminophylline tablets 225 mg 12-hourly (n = 12) or 450 mg 12-hourly (n = 6) for 5 doses, and all were given aminophylline 225 mg intravenously on a separate occasion to determine individual kinetic parameters. The mean plasma theophylline half-life ( 1 1/2) from the intravenous study was 5.8 hr (SD +/- 1.9). During the 12 hr after the fifth dose of SR aminophylline, the maximum and minimum mean (SD) plasma theophylline levels were 9.7 (3.2) mug/ml and 4.9 (2.0) mug/ml for the 225-mg dose, and 21.1 (2.2) mug/ml and 11.6 (4.4) mug/ml for the 450-mg dose. Side effects were generally mild in the low-dose study, but in the high-dose study 3 subjects reported headache and 1 was withdrawn after 3 doses. Two subjects also noted nausea, and 3 reported insomnia and anxiety in the high-dose study. It was concluded that there was a considerable range of doses needed to achieve adequate plasma levels, and that the formulation studied was capable of producing reasonably stable and satisfactory plasma theophylline levels once individual dose requirements had been established.
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PMID:Plasma theophylline levels after sustained-release aminophylline. 49 7

Because anxiety is the third most common problem encountered in this Model Family Practice unit, the presentation and management of 36 randomly selected cases were reviewed. The incidence was not greater in one race, but was increased in all married females (age 25 to 35) who, despite wife or husband working, had a very low income. The foremost complaints were insomnia, headaches, and chest pain with 80% of the patients maintaing the same symptoms. The resident identified a conflict (the most frequent being marital problems) in 47% of the cases. Drug therapy was used in 86.1% with ten percent selected for symptom relief. Because there are times when an alternate to drug therapy is needed, an overview teaching series on brief psychotherapy is suggested as an appropriate part of the behavioral science curriculum in a residency program.
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PMID:Identification and management of the anxious patient within a model family practice unit. 63 66

Eight patients with mild-to-moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and average resting Pao2 of 66 mm Hg were studied clinically and physiologically at sea level and after ascent to 1,920 m. At sea level the patients were symptomatic but not disabled. After ascent the patients had only mild symptoms of fatigue and insomnia, and one had severe headache during exercise on the first day. Funduscopic changes were not observed, nor did cardiac or pulmonary findings change. Resting sea level Pao2 dropped to 51.5 mm Hg within three hours of ascent, and the Paco2 fell from 37.8 to 33.9 mm Hg. Over the next three days, the Pao2 increased to 54.5 mm Hg as hyperventilation continued. At exercise, sea level Pao2 dropped from a mean value of 63 to 46.8 mm Hg at altitude. Pulse rates at rest or exercise did not change. Normal values for 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) did not change after ascent at 16 and 42 hours. We believe aircraft flight or travel to moderate altitudes for this type of COPD patient is safe. Preexisting hypoxemia resulting from disease may facilitate the adaptation of patients to severe hypoxia and may prevent symptoms similar to acute mountain sickness.
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PMID:Short-term adaptation to moderate altitude. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 68 52


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