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Query: UMLS:C0018681 (headache)
 56,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Headache is a common symptom following head trauma and not related to the degree of trauma. The term post-head-trauma syndrome is used to denote a group of symptoms following head trauma. Dizziness, vertigo, perceptual changes, memory loss, paresthesias, and tinnitus have been reported as well as psychological disturbances. Pathophysiology of headache and other symptoms in the syndrome are believed to relate to vascular and neuronal disturbances. Imaging techniques may provide objective evidence of changes in the brain. Often diagnostic studies do not reveal an abnormality. Treatment consists of diagnosing the type of headache and targeting appropriate therapy. Long-term prognosis is good, the majority of patients recovering after 1 year.
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PMID:Headache and head trauma. 252 Mar 90

D-Lactate-associated encephalopathy is a rare clinical syndrome characterized by dizziness, ataxia, confusion, headaches, memory loss, lethargy, and aggressiveness which may progress to frank but reversible coma. It occurs in patients with profound dysfunction of the short-bowel syndrome and is believed to result from massive carbohydrate malabsorption with resultant over-production of D-lactate and other organic anions by the colonic flora. Extremely elevated serum levels of D-lactate (but not L-lactate) confirm the diagnosis, but currently D-lactate is not clearly established as the putative neurotoxin. We describe a patient who repeatedly developed D-lactate encephalopathy after surgical removal of nearly the entire jejunum and ileum. Markedly elevated D-lactate serum levels were documented during an encephalopathic episode. Potential pathophysiologic mechanisms and the treatment rationale are discussed.
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PMID:D-lactate-associated encephalopathy after massive small-bowel resection. 276 Apr 34

Eight patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) presented complications affecting the nervous system. The complaints were headache, seizure, confusion or hallucination. Neurologic manifestations included meningitis, focal deficits, cranial nerve palsy, and dementia. Cerebrospinal fluid exhibited a decrease in the percentage of T helper lymphocytes with an inverted helper-to-suppressor cell ratio. The neurologic manifestations of AIDS may depend on multiple factors, such as HIV infection of the central nervous system, concomitant infections with other agents or meningeal invasion by systemic lymphoma or Kaposi's sarcoma. Many patients develop a diffuse encephalopathy which characteristically begins with impaired concentration and mild memory loss, and progresses to severe global cognitive impairment and dementia. Perivascular infiltrates and scattered microglial nodules, consisting of aggregates of microglia and astrocytes, are the most common findings in these patients.
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PMID:[Neurologic complications accompanying acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): study of a group of 8 cases]. 295 8

Carbaryl, a widely used insecticide, is reputed to have a wide safety margin. It can induce acute cholinesterase poisoning, which is rapidly reversible on discontinuation of exposure. Long-term sequelae from long-term exposure have not previously been described in humans. This report describes the experience of a 75-year-old man who had long-term excessive exposure to carbaryl and in whom a debilitating syndrome, including headaches, memory loss, proximal muscle weakness, muscle fasciculation, muscle cramps, and anorexia with marked weight loss, developed. At the time of diagnosis, serum pseudocholinesterase levels were low, and his major symptoms resolved on termination of exposure. Late clinical features were sleep apnea and progressive development of a peripheral neuropathy. The difficulty in diagnosing the cause of a group of relatively nonspecific symptoms raises the question of whether chronic carbaryl neurotoxicity might be occurring more frequently than previously suspected.
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PMID:Subacute neurotoxicity following long-term exposure to carbaryl. 308 76

The first case of AIDS positively identified in a non-foreigner in Taiwan was a 25-year-old unmarried male who had practiced homosexuality for ten years. The patient began to have abdominal pain accompanied with loose stools and weight loss in June 1985, followed by fever, cough, headache, dizziness, and loss of memory. Facial hyperpigmentation and extensive oroesophageal candidiasis were noted. Laboratory studies showed severe lymphopenia with a reversed T-helper to T-suppressor ratio, cutaneous anergy and polyclonal gammopathy. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies were positive by ELISA and Western blot, and the virus was isolated from the blood. At autopsy, disseminated cytomegalovirus infection, extensive CNS toxoplasmosis and early lesions of Kaposi's sarcoma were demonstrated. The detection of HIV in the adrenal medulla supports the consensus that the virus is neurotropic.
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PMID:An autopsy-proved case of AIDS in Taiwan. 330 20

Minor head injury is frequently followed by a subjective postconcussion syndrome. Brain-stem auditory evoked responses (BAER's) were found to be pathological in different small series of patients with a postconcussion syndrome who were examined months after sustaining a slight cranial or cervical trauma; abnormal BAER's have also been reported in larger groups of patients examined early after minor head injury. A relationship between these findings and late subjective symptoms has never been demonstrated. The results of a prospective study into the value of BAER's in the prognosis of a postconcussion syndrome after minor head injury are presented. In 103 patients with minor head injury, BAER's were recorded within 48 hours of the trauma. One year later, the patients were examined for headache, dizziness, depression, anxiety, subjective loss of memory and concentration, and irritability. Eighty percent claimed at least one symptom, most often irritability (54%), memory loss (47%), or depression (39%). Pathological BAER's were found with the same prevalence in patients with and without a postconcussion syndrome. This study confirms the disturbance of brain-stem function in some head-injured patients. However, the lack of correlation with a postconcussion syndrome limits the prognostic value of BAER recordings for postconcussion syndrome. The data suggest that BAER's not be used for medicolegal evaluation of patients with a postconcussion syndrome.
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PMID:Prognostic value of auditory brain-stem responses for late postconcussion symptoms following minor head injury. 335 34

Thirty-six colloid cysts were treated from 1949 to 1983. There were 26 male and 10 female patients, ranging in age from 12 to 65 years old, 60% between 31 and 40 years. Headache or disturbed mental function was the most frequent complaint, papilloedema the most frequent sign. The patients were classified into 3 groups by symptoms and signs; Group I (17 patients): Headache, papilloedema and no neurological signs. Group II (6 patients): Fluctuating or progressive dementia. Group III: Twelve cases with "classical" features, episodic headache and drop attacks. One patient could not be classified in any of these groups. Seventeen of 36 patients were diagnosed by ventriculography, 19 patients were diagnosed by CT scan. CT scan was the most reliable diagnostic study, but was unavailable in the earlier part of the series. All patients have been operated by transventricular exposure of the right foramen of Munro with incision of the middle frontal gyrus in an antero-posterior linear manner. Twenty-five of 36 patients showed an excellent operative result, and nine had a good result, one of the 9 patients dying of an unrelated intracerebral haemorrhage 4 years after operation. Two patients had a poor result, characterized by memory loss and confusion. One of these died of an unknown cause 5 years after operation.
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PMID:Colloid cysts of the third ventricle. A review of 36 cases. 387 15

From January 1980 to August 1983, 213 patients with carbon monoxide poisoning were seen; 131 received hyperbaric oxygen and had no sequelae. Eighty-two patients were treated with normobaric oxygen; ten (12.1%) returned with clinically significant sequelae. The specific neurological sequelae included headaches, irritability, personality changes, confusion, and loss of memory. This recurrent symptomatology developed within one to 21 days (mean, 5.7 days) after the initial exposure, although no reexposure occurred. These recurring symptoms resolved rapidly with hyperbaric oxygen therapy. We recommend that hyperbaric oxygen therapy be used whenever CO poisoning symptoms recur.
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PMID:Subacute sequelae of carbon monoxide poisoning. 406 87

During the years 1966-1976, 875 patients with bacterial meningitis were treated at the Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Denmark. In late 1979 and early 1980 a survey by questionnaire was conducted among survivors concerning the impact of the disease. Replies were received from 667 patients (96.4 per cent). The most common complaints after meningitis were headache (32 per cent) inability to concentrate (31 per cent), altered working capability (33 per cent) and loss of memory (24 per cent). Approximately 20 per cent suffered from impaired hearing, visual disturbances and dizziness. Five per cent had convulsions. Each questionnaire was evaluated for sequelae, and when present these were rated as mild, medium or severe. One-third of the patients had sequelae and in 6 per cent these were severe. Sequelae were most commonly associated with drowsiness, coma, agitation and confusion on admission to hospital.
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PMID:Sequelae from bacterial meningitis and their relation to the clinical condition during acute illness, based on 667 questionnaire returns. Part II of a three part series. 660 3

In a plant producing vinyl chloride by the emulsion method 200 workers who were exposed to vinyl chloride for 1 to 25 yr (mean 14), 58 (i.e. 29%) were free of complaints and nervous disturbances. An astheno-autonomic syndrome was found in 54 (i.e. 27%) and in 88 (i.e. 44%) in combination with positive neurological findings, i.e. pyramidal syndromes (in 52), cerebellar disturbances (in 38), trigeminal neuropathy (in 24) and extrapyramidal symptoms (in 3), in various combinations - pyramidal + cerebellar in 12, trigeminal + pyramidal in 7, trigeminal + cerebellar in 5. Headaches (48%), nervousness (26%), decrease in physical strength (16%), loss of memory (14%), sleeping disturbances and somnolence were the most frequent complaints. Scleroderma-like skin changes were found in ten subjects, but only six of them had any neurological disturbances. Occupational exposure to vinyl chloride was lower in workers without neurological findings. Frequency of the arterial hypertension was the same in both groups, whereas acroparesthesias, Raynaud's syndrome, and increased gamma GTP serum activity were significantly more frequent in workers with neurological disturbances. Sixty-two per cent of the neurologically positive group and only 24% of the negative group reported euphoric or narcotic states after exposure. This probably indicates episodic exposures to high concentrations of vinyl chloride. This difference points to a possibility that neurological disturbances may be related to short exposures to peak concentrations. The neurological injury may be both a direct neurotoxic effect of vinyl chloride and secondary to vascular disorders.
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PMID:Vinyl chloride disease-neurological disturbances. 662 5


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